President, I think it is quite clear from the statements made during this debate that the overwhelming majority of the members of this Council do not so interpret this paragraph of this resolution. And the fact that my delegation has voted for the resolution as amended makes it perfectly clear that we do not so interpret it.

And, finally, Mr. President, let me say that I cannot agree with the representative of Guinea, if I understood him correctly, that the United Nations has failed in the Congo." Perhaps he spoke this morning more in temper than in reflection for, on the contrary, the United Nations has a long history of constructive involvement in helping to develop a central government in the Congo, in helping to deal decisively with several secessions in several provinces of that country, and in helping to achieve unity, progress, and development in the Congo. But that there is rebellion, violence, and death there now is not the fault of the United Nations. Let us not deprecate what the United Nations has done in its greatest and most difficult peacekeeping operation, an operation that was authorized by this Council. Rather let us now strive to fulfill the promises of that great collective effort in which so many members of the United Nations participated so gallantly. Let us strive in good faith to finish what was started in this chamber and do our loyal best to insure that all those who have died for the preservation of the independence and the integrity of the Congo shall not have died in vain.

[In a further intervention, after the statement of the Soviet representative," Ambassador Stevenson said:]

28

Mr. President, I had not assumed that we were going to reargue this case after a month here this afternoon, but in view of what the representative of the Soviet Union has said, I shall have to add a further word.

He said that the interventionists had been unmasked here in the Security Council. The interventionists were not unmasked. They admitted their intervention with pride, indeed, with exultation. They were not the United States and Belgium.

Moreover, he said that he had expected that there would be some recognition of the crime perpetrated by the United States and Belgium. The crime was helping, in the case of my country, to save the Lives of 2,000 innocent hostages held illegally.

I have nothing more to say.

"See U.N. doc. S/PV.1188. "Nikolai T. Fedorenko.

D. West and Central Africa

DAHOMEY

Document VIII-35

United States Recognition of the Government of the Republic of Dahomey, Effective January 31, 1964: STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, JANUARY 31, 1964 1

1

The United States today [January 31] announced that it has recognized the Government of the Republic of Dahomey and instructed Ambassador Robinson McIlvaine to convey this information to the new regime.

In October 1963 a series of events in the Republic of Dahomey led to the formation of a Provisional Government there.2 The Provisional Government announced on November 4, 1963, its intention to honor international obligations undertaken by its predecessor, and promised that a constitutional referendum and new elections would be scheduled.

The Dahomean electorate on January 3, 1964, approved by overwhelming majority the new constitution submitted to it. On January 19, 1964, general elections were held for the Presidency, Vice Presidency, and National Assembly.3

In the belief that these events constitute a basis for democratic rule in Dahomey, the United States, therefore, has decided to recognize the Government of the Republic of Dahomey. The United States has instructed its representative in Dahomey to confirm this decision to the Government of the Republic of Dahomey.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 17, 1964, p. 239.

2 Following the overthrow of the government of President Hubert Maga on Oct. 27, 1963.

3 The election resulted in the elevation of Justin Apithy to the office of President.

E. Eastern and Southern Africa

THE MALAGASY REPUBLIC

Document VIII-36

Malagasy-United States Discussions on Matters of Mutual Interest: JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ ISSUED AT WASHINGTON BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (JOHNSON) AND THE PRESIDENT OF THE MalaGASY REPUBLIC (TSIRANANA), JULY 28, 1964 1

The President of the Malagasy Republic, Philibert Tsiranana, and the President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, have held very cordial discussions on matters of interest to both countries.

President Tsiranana described the economic matters of concern in his country and the efforts of his Government to promote the advancement of the Malagasy people. He expressed appreciation for the understanding and friendly cooperation of the United States in assisting the economic development of Madagascar, and received assurances that the United States Government will contribute to the realization of the Malagasy 5-year plan.

President Johnson recalled the longstanding friendly relations that have existed between Americans and Malagasy and expressed his conviction that this visit would serve to further cement these ties.

President Tsiranana praised the efforts of the late President Kennedy carried on by President Johnson in the quest for better understanding between the peoples of the world and recognition of the integral rights of man and of his dignity.

The two Presidents reviewed the situation existing in the world today and stressed the necessity of maintaining peace and security in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. They considered the difficulties confronting the developing nations of the world and discussed ways in which the industrial nations might assist in overcoming these problems.

The two Presidents discussed foreign private investments and the measures taken by the Malagasy Government to encourage them, and they spoke of ways in which trade between the United States and Madagascar can be expanded.

The two Presidents have stated they are quite satisfied with the relations existing between their two countries. They pledged themselves to continue cooperation and friendship.

1

1 Department of State Bulletin, Aug. 17, 1964, p. 230. an official visit to the United States, July 26–Aug. 5, 1964.

President Tsiranana paid

MALAWI

Document VIII-37

United States Recognition of Malawi, Effective July 6, 1964: STATEMENT MADE BY THE PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PRESI DENT OF THE UNITED STATES (CLEMENT) ON PRESENTING INDEPENDENCE GIFTS TO MALAWI, BLANTYRE, JULY 4, 1964 2

2

ZAMBIA

Document VIII-38

United States Recognition of Zambia, Effective October 24, 1964: LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (JOHNSON) TO THE PRESIDENT OF ZAMBIA (KAUNDA), OCTOBER 26, 19643

ZANZIBAR

Document VIII-39

United States Recognition of the Government of Zanzibar, Effective February 23, 1964: STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, FEBRUARY 23, 1964 +

4

The United States today (Sunday, February 23) announced its recognition of the Government of Zanzibar headed by President Abeid Amani Karume.

The Commonwealth Governments of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, and India have also recognized the Karume government.

Prior to this action by the United States, consultations were held with a number of governments including those African governments most immediately concerned. Recognition of the new Zanzibar Government has already been announced by the following African states:

'Ibid., Mar. 16, 1964, p. 424. On Jan. 12, 1964, the Government of the Sultan of Zanzibar was overthrown and Zanzibar proclaimed a republic under the presidency of Abeid Karume, leader of the Afro-Shirazi party. On Jan. 17 the U.S. Chargé d'Affaires, Frederick P. Picard, III, was seized and expelled from the country. Subsequently, on Apr. 26, 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar formed the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar under the presidency of Julius Nyerere, formerly President of Tanganyika. Abeid Karume became a Vice President of the new country. The American Embassy in Zanzibar became a consulate at the request of the host government. On Oct. 29 the name of the country was changed to Tanzania.

Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Ghana, and the United Arab Republic.

Instructions have been sent by the United States to Mr. Frank Carlucci, a career Foreign Service officer, who has been designated to be the Chargé of Embassy in Zanzibar, to convey to the Karume regime the decision of the United States to recognize the new government and to establish diplomatic relations.

Ambassador William Leonhart, Jr., in Dar-es-Salaam, accompanied by Mr. Carlucci, on February 20 went to Zanzibar and conferred with President Karume and members of his Cabinet concerning the question of recognition. Also present at the Cabinet meeting was Mr. Donald K. Petterson, who has been acting as officer in charge since the departure from Zanzibar of the previous officer in charge, Frederick P. Picard.

Ambassador Leonhart told Mr. Karume of the desire of the United States to maintain and strengthen its ties of friendship and good relations with the people of Zanzibar. President Karume and the Cabinet at that time made known their desire to establish friendly relations with the United States. He declared that the Zanzibar Government would welcome the presence of Mr. Carlucci and Mr. Petterson as soon as diplomatic relations were established.

The United States has consistently affirmed its policy of supporting the efforts of the peoples of Africa to attain their national aspirations for freedom and self-determination. In their actions with respect to recognition and the establishment of diplomatic relations both Governments are affirming their mutual responsibilities as sovereign states under international law including their rights and obligations under the Charter of the United Nations.

The United States hopes that the Zanzibar Government, as have other African governments, will follow a policy of nonalinement as they carry forward their efforts to establish their own unique African institutions which will enable them to improve the standard of living and welfare of their people.

219-262-67-55