Taking into account that contemporary scientific and technical achievements, including the use of atomic energy, permit the practical solution of the problem of desalination;

Have agreed on the following:

I. The Parties will engage in wide scientific and technical cooperation in the field of desalination, including the use of atomic energy, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

II. The Parties will conduct scientific research and development work in the field of desalination, including the use of atomic energy, in accordance with their own programs and at their own expense.

III. The Parties will exchange, on a reciprocal basis, scientific accounts, reports, and other documents, including the results obtained from work at pilot and demonstration plants of the Parties.

IV. The Parties will periodically organize, on a reciprocal basis, symposia and scientific meetings for discussion of scientific and technical problems and projects in accordance with previously agreed programs.

V. The Parties will periodically organize visits, on a reciprocal basis, by technical experts to appropriate installations and laboratories. VI. In order that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its members receive benefits in full measure from this cooperation, the Parties will give the IAEA copies of accounts, reports, and other documents which they exchange and also in appropriate cases invite IAEA observers to symposia and scientific meetings held by the Parties. The Parties will jointly inform the IAEA Director-General of this agreement.

VII. The implementation of this Agreement shall be subject to the provisions of Sections I and XIII of the US-USSR Agreement on Exchanges in the Scientific, Technical, Educational, Cultural and Other Fields signed at Moscow February 22, 1964.

VIII. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature. It shall continue in force for two years, and shall be subject to renewal by the Parties.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed the present agreements.

DONE, in duplicate, in the English and Russian languages, both equally authentic, at Moscow this Eighteenth day of November, One Thousand Nine Hundred Sixty-Four.

• Supra.

C. Restrictions on Diplomatic Personnel

Document VI-18

United States Protest Against Travel Restrictions on Four Military Attachés in Moscow Because of Alleged Incidents: REPLIES MADE BY THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (MCCLOSKEY), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, TO QUESTIONS ASKED AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, APRIL 10, 19641

We can confirm that on February 14, 1964, Assistant Naval Attachés Commander Stuart Savage and Lieutenant Leonard A. Bracken were involved in an incident in Leningrad and that on March 17, 1964, Assistant Air Attachés Lieutenant Colonel Edgar H. Smith and Captain Edmund J. Zvetina were involved in an incident in Tula.

We can also confirm that the four officers involved have been refused travel outside Moscow for 90 days. The incidents themselves, the unfounded charges raised by the Soviets in connection with these incidents and the restrictions have been protested by our Naval and Air Attachés in Moscow.

These protests were made to the Soviet Military Liaison Office of the Ministry of Defense and simultaneously by an Embassy Officer to the American Section of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

They were separate protests following each of the incidents. In other words, one in February and one in March.3

Document VI-19

United States Discovery of Microphones Embedded in the Walls of Its Embassy in Moscow: STATEMENT BY THE DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR SECURITY (GENTILE), ISSUED MAY 19, 1964*

During the past month a network of microphones has been found embedded in the walls of the American Embassy in Moscow and has been removed and destroyed. Today [May 19] U.S. Ambassador Foy Kohler delivered a formal protest about this matter to the Soviet Government. This discovery is the most recent instance of a continuing effort to penetrate American posts in Eastern Europe with listening devices and microphones. Prior to this, over 130 listening devices

1

2

Department of State files.

The 90-day travel restriction on Comdr. Savage and Lt. Bracken began on Mar. 7 and the restriction on Lt. Col. Smith and Capt. Zvetina went into effect Apr. 2, 1964.

In retaliation, Soviet military attachés were restricted to the Washington area for the duration of the restrictions on the U.S. military attachés in Moscow. (See The New York Times. Apr. 11, 1964.)

Department of State Bulletin, June 15, 1964, p. 933.

5 Not printed.

See ante, doc. V-10.

219-262-67- 47

of various types have been located and removed from American embassy buildings in those countries by security officers of the Department of State since 1949.

Protective measures against attempts at penetration of our embassies are in continuous effect. For example, United States personnel at many posts are instructed always to act on the assumption that listening devices have been installed in offices and residences. Special precautions, some of which remain highly classified, are taken with respect to the handling of sensitive information. These include specially constructed rooms inside certain embassy buildings where sensitive discussions can occur without audio penetration.

The technical characteristics of the recently discovered microphones and their presence deep in the structural walls of the building indicate that they were placed in the building prior to its occupancy by the United States Government in 1953. It must be assumed that at least some of them were in operating condition when discovered. A review is being made to determine whether there has been any significant compromise of sensitive information in light of the measures taken for protection against such a possibility.

Document VI-20

United States Protest Against Drugging of Its Military Attachés at Odessa: REPLIES MADE BY THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (MCCLOSKEY), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, TO QUESTIONS ASKED AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, JUNE 5, 1964 (EXCERPTS)"

On May 7th, here, we addressed ourselves to the story of American attachés: Lieutenant J. M. Landrigan, USMC; Lieutenant W. L. Van Meter, USAF; and Lieutenant Commander S. Shapiro, USN.o

The first, and last, were Assistant Naval Attachés; Colonel Van Meter was the Assistant Air Attaché. And we said that these officers believed they may have been drugged during dinner on the evening of March 25 [in Odessa]. They first noticed mild symptoms suggesting they had been drugged upon arising the next morning.

We protested this incident to the Soviets on May 2.

[We] explained the delay in protesting as a result of time needed to obtain the results of medical examinations. We further said that those examinations showed the presence of enough barbituate to cause extreme drowsiness.

7 Department of State files.

8 Reference to Mr. McCloskey's news conference of May 7, 1964.

Document VI-21

United States Protest Against Soviet Forcible Entry Into and Search of the Rooms of American Military Attachés in Khabarovsk: STATEMENT READ BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (MCCLOSKEY), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 5, 1964 9

At midnight, local time, on September 28-29, fifteen Soviet Government officials forcibly entered a hotel room in Khabarovsk, in the Soviet Union, occupied by the United States Assistant Military Attaché at Moscow, Lt. Col. Carl R. Liewer, of Osmond, Nebraska, and Assistant British Naval Attaché Nigel N. Laville. These Soviet officials forcibly searched the room and personal effects of the two attachés for 45 minutes, despite their strong protests. They then locked the two diplomats in their room with the telephone disconnected.

At 2:00 a.m. the same morning, fifteen Soviet officials, presumably the same men, forcibly entered another hotel room occupied by U.S. Army Attaché Col. George A. Aubrey of Annapolis, Maryland, and Assistant Air Attaché James F. Smith of [Meers in] the State of Oklahoma. The Soviet officials made a thorough search of the premises and then of the officers' personal effects. The search lasted for some three hours and forty minutes. They confiscated some of the officers' personal effects. Col. Aubrey protested repeatedly, requesting permission to telephone to the American Embassy in Moscow. This request was denied by the Soviet officials. On September 29 the American and British Embassies in Moscow launched a strong protest against this action with the Soviet Foreign Ministry.10

On September 30, Assistant Secretary William R. Tyler called in the Soviet Ambassador and emphasized that the U.S. Government takes a most serious view of this flagrant violation of the diplomatic immunity of the three members of our Moscow Embassy staff.

Mr. Tyler requested a thorough investigation of the developments in Khabarovsk, a full report of the results of such an investigation, assurances that the Soviet Government will take every measure to prevent further violations of the diplomatic immunity of American officials in the Soviet Union, return of the personal effects of the American attachés at the earliest possible moment, and disciplining of the Soviet officials responsible. Mr. Tyler also warned the Ambassador that the U.S. Government may wish to take up the matter further with the Soviet Government after a complete report on the details of this affair had been received from Col. Aubrey and his colleagues.

Department of State files.

10 American protest not printed.

Document VI-22

Soviet Protest Against Alleged Impermissible Activities of United States Military Attachés En Route From Moscow to Khabarovsk : NOTE FROM THE SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTRY TO THE U.S. EMBASSY IN Moscow, OCTOBER 6, 1964 11

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics deems it necessary to state the following to the United States Embassy in Moscow.

The other day Soviet citizens-passengers of a train heading from Moscow for Vladivostok called the attention of representatives of competent authorities to the suspicious behavior of a group of foreigners who were on the same train. The Soviet citizens reported that these foreigners were systematically taking photographs of industrial plants, railway junctions, bridges, tunnels and other facilities along the route of the train and also taking some notes and putting marks on maps.

As a result of the undertaken measures, it was established that the aforesaid foreigners, the United States military attaché, Col. J. A. Aubrey, the assistant United States military attaché, Lieut. Col. C. R. Liewer, and the assistant United States air attaché, Maj. J. F. Smith, and also the assistant British naval attaché, Lieut. Comdr. N. N. Laville, had indeed engaged in intelligence activities incompatible with their diplomatic status, thereby grossly violating the universally accepted standards of conduct of foreign diplomats in the country of stay, including the provisions contained in the U.S.S.R. Foreign Ministry's circular to the foreign missions number 42-PR of Feb. 11, 1954.12

In connection with this, the local authorities found it necessary to confiscate the intelligence data collected by the aforesaid persons and affecting the security interests of the Soviet Union.

A study of the materials confiscated from the above-mentioned American diplomats fully confirmed that Colonel Aubrey, Lieutenant Colonel Liewer and Major Smith together with Lieutenant Commander Laville have engaged in espionage. This is attested by the more than 900 pictures on numbered films that they have specially made, by notes of intelligence assignments and the results of their fulfillment contained in 26 notebooks and by the fact that they used special optical apparatuses and other technical means of intelligence. These materials show that the above-mentioned persons have gathered intelligence data on railway stations, bridges, tunnels, radar installations, airfields, locations of military detachments and other objectives of defense signifiAll this leaves no doubt that the trip by Aubrey, Liewer and Smith was a preplanned and carefully prepared intelligence operation.

cance.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs resolutely protests to the embassy against such impermissible activities of the United States military attaché, Col. J. A. Aubrey, the assistant military attaché, Lieut. Col. C. R. Liewer and the assistant air attaché, J. F. Smith, incompatible with their status of accredited diplomatic officials, and reserves the right to return to the question of the possibility of the further stay of the aforementioned diplomatic officials of the embassy in the Soviet Union.

In view of the above, the ministry rejects the protest contained in note number 406 of the United States Embassy of Sept. 29, 1964."

The ministry expects that the embassy would take proper measures to prevent such activities in the future and for the strict observance by the entire embassy personnel of the standards and rules of behaviour of accredited diplomatic representatives.

On the same day a note of similar content with regard to the impermissible activities of the assistant naval attaché of Great Britain in the U.S.S.R., Lieut. Comdr. N. Laville, was forwarded by the U.S.S.R. Foreign Ministry to the British Embassy in Moscow.

"The New York Times, Oct. 7, 1964.

12

Text in the Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 31, 1955, p. 199. 18 Not printed; see supra.