many. Each differs in strength and thickness-in the light that can pass through it and the hopes that can prosper behind it.

We do not know when all European nations will become part of a single civilization. But as President Eisenhower said in 1953: "This we do know: a world that begins to witness the rebirth of trust among nations can find its way to a peace that is neither partial nor punitive." 16

We will continue to build bridges across the gulf which has divided us from Eastern Europe. They will be bridges of increased trade, of ideas, of visitors, and of humanitarian aid. We do this for four reasons: First, to open new relationships to countries seeking increased independence yet unable to risk isolation. Second, to open the minds of a new generation to the values and the visions of the Western civilization from which they come and to which they belong. Third, to give freer play to the powerful forces of legitimate national pride the strongest barrier to the ambition of any country to dominate another. Fourth, to demonstrate that identity of interest and the prospects of progress for Eastern Europe lie in a wider relationship with the West. We go forward within the framework of our unalterable commitment to the defense of Europe and to the reunification of Germany. But under the leadership of President Truman and President Eisenhower, and our late beloved President Kennedy, America and Western Europe have achieved the strength and self-confidence to follow a course based on hope rather than hostility, based on opportunity rather than fear. And it is also our belief that wise and skillful development of relationships with the nations of Eastern Europe can speed the day when Germany will be reunited. We are pledged to use every peaceful means to work with friends and allies so that all of Europe may be joined in a shared society of freedom.

Document V-5

Captive Nations Week, 1964: PROCLAMATION No. 3594, ISSUED JUNE 18, 1964 17

Document V-6

Exclusion of Communist Nations From Foreign Currency Sales Under the Food-for-Peace Program: AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954, AS AMENDED THROUGH PUBLIC LAW 88-638, APPROVED OCTOBER 8, 1964 18

17

18

18 See American Foreign Policy, 1950–1955: Basic Documents, vol. I, pp. 65-71. 29 Fed. Reg. 7971; the Department of State Bulletin, July 13, 1964, p. 63. 'Cited post, doc. XI-32. For the pertinent portion of the legislation, see 7 U.S.C. § 1707, or 78 Stat. 1036. See also, post, doc. XI-34. At this time Poland and Yugoslavia were the only Communist countries with which the United States had agricultural commodities agreements; see post, doc. V-8, and the agreement of Apr. 27, 1964, with Yugoslavia (TIAS 5566; 15 UST 372).

THE GERMAN “DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC"

[See also ante, docs. IV-63-89.]

Document V-7

Modification of Regulations for East Germans Traveling to NATO Countries: ANNOUNCEMENT ISSUED BY THE ALLIED TRAVEL OFFICE, BERLIN, APRIL 2, 1964 19

1. The three Powers responsible for the Allied Travel Office 20 have decided upon certain modifications of travel regulations for inhabitants of the Soviet Zone of Occupation of Germany.

2. These modifications are intended to make possible approval of more applications for Temporary Travel Documents than in the past. However, TTDs will be granted to Soviet-Zonal residents only on condition that they refrain, while in NATO countries, from political activities in support of the so-called DDR.21

3. The three Powers will take appropriate measures to ensure that the above mentioned condition will be observed by visitors from the Sovietoccupied zone of Germany. They have been informed that the other NATO Allies are ready to act accordingly.

4. The modifications referred to above, which have received the full support of the other NATO Allies will be subject to review in the light of experience.

POLAND

[See also ante, docs. IV-72, 88; V-3, 6; post, doc. X-44.]

Document V-8

Polish-United States Agricultural Commodities Agreements, SIGNED AT WASHINGTON BY THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE (BALL) AND THE POLISH DEPUTY MINISTER OF FOREIGN TRADE (MODRZEWSKI), FEBRUARY 3, 1964 22

Document V-9

Soviet-Polish Plan for a 20-Year Extension of Their Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Aid and Postwar Cooperation of 1945: JOINT STATEMENT SIGNED AT MOSCOW BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE U.S.S.R. (KHRUSHCHEV) AND THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE POLISH UNITED WORKERS' PARTY (GOMULKA), APRIL 15, 1964 (EXCERPTS) 23

[Both sides] found it desirable to make preparations for extending the [Polish-Soviet] treaty [of Friendship, Mutual Aid and Postwar Cooperation of April 21, 1945] " for the next 20 years and to introduce into it the necessary amendments arising . . . from the fact that the Polish-German frontier on the Odra [Oder] and Nysa [Neisse] has been established once and for all," and that the German Democratic Republic, the first peace-loving German State, has been formed.

Document V-10

United States Discovery of a Wired Microphone System in Its Warsaw Embassy: REPLY MADE BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NEWS (MCCLOSKEY), DEPARTMENT OF STATE, TO A QUESTION ASKED AT A NEWS CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 2, 1964 (EXCERPT) 27

A wired microphone system was discovered in the new Embassy building in Warsaw on October 7. Investigations to date reflect that this system was installed during the early stages of construction, approximately two years prior to the time the building was occupied in September 1963.28 Ambassador Cabot has lodged an initial protest with the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding this flagrant violation of the immunity of our Embassy's premises. A secure room installed by State Department security officers just prior to occupancy has been utilized by the American staff for classified discussions and meetings.

23 Excerpts in Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1963-1964, vol. No. XIV, p. 20068. This statement was also signed by the Chairman of the Polish Council of Ministers (Cyrankiewicz).

"Signed at Moscow by Representatives of the Soviet Government (Marshal Stalin) and of the Polish Provisional Government at Lublin (Beirut and OsóbkaMorawski); text in 12 UNTS 391.

See the Polish-East German Agreement of July 6, 1950 (319 UNTS 93; English translation, 319 UNTS 104); and the Polish-East German Instrument confirming the demarcation of the State frontier of Jan. 27, 1951 (319 UNTS 110— English translation).

20

For the text of the Soviet-Polish Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, signed at Warsaw by the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (Brezhnev), the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the U.S.S.R. (Kosygin), the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (Gomulka), and the Chairman of the Polish Council of Ministers (Cyrankiewicz), Apr. 8, 1965, entered into force, Apr. 21. 1965, see Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1965–1966, vol. No. XV, p. 20713 (excerpts).

27

28

Department of State files.

Construction began Oct. 1, 1960: the building was first occupied July 1, and fully occupied Sept. 16, 1963.

RUMANIA

[See also footnote 3 to doc. V-1, ante.]

Document V-11

Rumanian-United States Agreement on Steps for Further Improvement in Mutual Relations: JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ ISSUED AT WASHINGTON BY THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS (HARRIMAN) AND THE VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE RUMANIAN COUNCIL OF MINISTERS (GASTON-MARIN), JUNE 1, 1964 29

Representatives of the Governments of the United States of America and of the Rumanian People's Republic met in Washington from May 18 to June 1, 1964 to discuss matters of common interest, particularly economic and trade matters. The Rumanian delegation was headed by Gheorghe Gaston-Marin, Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the State Planning Committee. The United States delegation was headed by W. Averell Harriman, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.

In the course of the negotiations, the two delegations noted the improvement in the relations between the two countries following the agreement of March 30, 1960 which provided for the reciprocal settlement of claims and other financial questions.30 They noted in particular the mutually beneficial results of the increased cultural, educational, scientific, and other exchanges between the two countries in the past several years.31

The representatives of the two Governments agreed that further steps should be taken to carry forward the improvement in mutual relations. To this end they reached the following understandings: 1. The United States Government agreed to establish a General License procedure under which most commodities may be exported to Rumania without the necessity for individual export license. In addition the United States Government agreed to grant licenses for a number of particular industrial facilities in which the Rumanian delegation expressed special interest.

The Government of the Rumanian People's Republic agreed to authorize enterprises and institutes in Rumania to sell or license Rumanian technology to United States firms.

The two Governments agreed that products, designs, and technology exported to Rumania from the United States would not be transshipped or re-exported without the prior consent of the United States Government. They agreed further that contracts between United

29 Department of State Bulletin, June 15, 1964, pp. 924–926.

30 The Rumanian Government completed its payment obligations under this financial agreement, July 1, 1964; see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, p. 380; and the Department of State Bulletin, July 20, 1964, p. 92. See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, p. 380; ibid., 1962, p. 655; ibid., 1963, p. 515.

States firms and Rumanian state enterprises for imports from Rumania could provide for limitations on re-export or transshipments without prior consent of the Rumanian supplier. The two Governments will mutually facilitate the exchange of information on the use and disposition of products, designs and technology exported from one country to the other.

2. The two Governments also agreed on arrangements for the mutual protection of industrial property rights and processes. It was agreed that commercial contracts between United States firms and Rumanian state enterprises could provide for the settlement of commercial differences and disputes by arbitration in third countries or by appropriate international tribunals, as agreed by the parties to the

contracts.

3. The two Governments further agreed to consult, at the request of either party, about any other problems that might arise as the trade between the two countries grows.

4. In order to promote trade between Rumania and the United States, the representatives of the Rumanian Government expressed their desire to expand the activity of the New York Trade Office of the Rumanian Mission in the United States. The United States delegation discussed plans for setting up in Bucharest a trade promotion office of the United States Mission in Rumania. It was also understood that tourist promotion offices could be established in the two countries.

5. Both Governments agreed to facilitate the entry, travel and work of the representatives of firms and enterprises, and of trade missions. They also agreed to facilitate the exchange of trade exhibits and the publication of trade promotion materials.

6. Both delegations recognized that the development of significant and durable trade relations between the two countries requires the promotion of trade in both directions.

The Rumanian delegation emphasized that Rumanian products cannot compete on an equal basis in the United States market under the tariff treatment accorded such products. It stated that this factor could limit the expansion of trade between the two countries. The United States delegation took note of this concern, and explained the applicable provisions of United States law. The two delegations agreed to give continuing consideration to means of increasing trade between the United States and Rumania.

7. The two delegations noted the forward steps that had been taken in consular matters, and on behalf of their Governments agreed that further measures would be taken to facilitate the mutual settlement of consular problems. In the interest of further improvement of consular relations, they agreed that representatives of the two Governments would meet in Washington in September 1964 to negotiate a new consular convention between the two countries.32

8. The delegations stated the intention of the two Governments to

"The Roumanian-U.S. Consular Convention of June 5/17, 1881, was not superseded during 1964; see TS 297; 23 Stat. 711; II Malloy 1505.