Document IV-107 Turkish Threat of Unilateral Action in Defense of the Turkish Community in Cyprus: LETTER FROM THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS (ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS), MARCH 12, 1964 (EXCERPT) 58 the Government of the Turkish Republic requests that: all individual or collective assaults and acts committed against the Turkish community in Cyprus such as murder, pillage, robbery, arson, rape, torture and the like be stopped forthwith; that an immediate cease-fire all over the island be established and all existing cease-fire agreements and the green-line agreement in Nicosia be observed completely and without exception; that all sieges around any Turkish locality be lifted forthwith anywhere; that the liberties of complete movement, communication and correspondence be immediately restored and that the Turkish hostages and the bodies of those murdered be returned to the Turkish community without delay. 50 Otherwise the Government of the Turkish Republic declares that it will use the right to take unilateral action conferred upon it by the Treaty of Guarantee of 16 August 1960.60 Document IV-108 Cypriot Rejection of the Turkish Claim to the Right of Unilateral Intervention in Cyprus: NOTE FROM THE CYPRIOT GOVERNMENT TO THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT, MARCH 13, 1964 (EXCERPTS) 61 The note which the Turkish Government delivered today, 13 March 1964, is unacceptable on the grounds that it constitutes a further untenable interference in the internal affairs of Cyprus. . . 62 No right to take unilateral action, as suggested in the note, is conferred upon Turkey by the Treaty of Guarantee of 16 August 1960, and the threat of such action is not only unwarranted and baseless but is made in disregard of the resolution of the Security Council and constitutes an action or a threat of action likely to worsen the situation in the sovereign Republic of Cyprus and endanger international peace. 04 Document IV-109 Cypriot Request for a Meeting of the United Nations Security Council To Avert Turkish Imminent Invasion of Cyprus: LETTER FROM THE CYPRIOT REPRESENTATIVE AT THE U.N. (ROSSIDES) TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL (CHIEH), MARCH 13, 1964 65 56 U.N. doc. S/5596, annex. See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, p. 476. * Cmnd. No. 1253 ; 382 UNTS 3. 61 Quoted in U.N. doc. S/5607. This note was read by the acting Cypriot For eign Minister to the Turkish Ambassador in Nicosia, who refused to accept it. See supra. Cmnd. No. 1253 ; 382 UNTS 3. 64 Ante, doc. IV-105. €5 U.N. doc. S/5598. 219-262-6741 Document IV-110 United Nations Secretary-General's Appeal Against Turkish Forceful Intervention in Cyprus: LETTER FROM THE U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL (THANT) TO THE TURKISH REPRESENTATIVE AT THE U.N. (ERALP), MARCH 13, 1964 66 I have the honour to refer to your communication dated 13 March 1964 [S/5596] in which Your Excellency informs me that, unless certain requests made to the President of Cyprus are complied with, the Government of the Turkish Republic "by virtue of the right conferred upon it in Article IV of the Treaty of Guarantee, has decided to take appropriate action". This action is specifically to send a force to the Island of Cyprus to operate there "until the United Nations Peace-keeping Force which is envisaged under paragraph 4 of the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964" can effectively perform the functions entrusted to it. Your Excellency has further requested me to take the necessary steps for the urgent dispatch of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force. This decision of the Turkish Government is fraught with such grave possibilities that I am hereby addressing to your Government the most pressing appeal to reconsider most urgently the decision announced in your message to me. In making this appeal I would point out that in the twenty-four hours since I submitted my report of 12 March to the Security Council on the organization and operation of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus [S/5593 and Add.1], considerable progress has been made towards the organization and stationing of the Force. In particular I would draw your attention to the renewed assurance given by the Government of Canada that Canada will participate in the United Nations Peace-keeping Force. The known state of readiness of the Canadian contingent would allow for its speedy introduction into Cyprus. I would further inform you that in the last few hours I have received notification from the Government of Sweden that it is now taking all measures to assemble a Swedish battalion for Cyprus, and I have also had encouraging news from the Governments of Finland and Ireland. You will know already of the pledges of voluntary financial contributions received from the United Kingdom, the United States of America and some other Governments which assure financial support for the United Nations Peace-keeping Force." It is in the light of the above-mentioned facts that I am appealing to the Turkish Government to refrain from any action which would worsen the tragic situation in Cyprus and which may, in addition, pose the gravest risks to international peace and security. I know that the situation in Cyprus is of most vital interest to the Turkish Government and people and I would not make this urgent appeal if I was not convinced, as Secretary-General of the United Nations, that the best hope of emerging from this dangerous crisis is to allow the time necessary for the implementation of the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964 [S/5575], however much patience this course may require from the parties concerned, and for all parties to refrain, in the meanwhile, from adding to this explosive situation new elements which could only make the problem more insoluble and increase the danger. 66 U.N. doc. S/5600. 67 See footnote 57 to doc. IV-106, ante. 06 Ante, doc. IV-105. Document IV-111 Greek Intention To Intervene in Cyprus in the Event of Turkish Intervention: STATEMENT MADE BY THE GREEK REPRESENTATIVE (BITSIOS) IN THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL, MARCH 13, 1964 (ExCERPT) 69 The Turkish Government has been notified by the Greek Government that should Turkey-despite the Security Council's resolution 70 and despite the Secretary-General's appeals "-decide to intervene unilaterally in Cyprus, its intervention would automatically and immediately bring about intervention by Greece, which is anxious to protect the independence, sovereignty and integrity of Cyprus. Document IV-112 United Nations Security Council Call Upon All States To Refrain From Any Action Likely To Worsen the Situation in Cyprus: RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL, MARCH 13, 1964 72 The Security Council, Having heard the statements of the representatives of the Republic of Cyprus, Greece and Turkey,75 74 77 Reaffirming its resolution of 4 March 1964 [S/5575],76 Being deeply concerned over developments in the area, Noting the progress reported by the Secretary-General in regard to the establishment of a United Nations peace-keeping force in Cyprus, Noting the assurance from the Secretary-General that the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus envisaged in the Council's resolution of 4 March 1964 is about to be established, and that advance elements of that Force are already en route to Cyprus.78 1. Reaffirms its call upon all Member States, in conformity with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations, to refrain from any action or threat of action likely to worsen the situation in the sovereign Republic of Cyprus, to endanger international peace; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to press on with his efforts to implement the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964 and requests Member States to cooperate with the Secretary-General to that end. 70 U.N. doc. S/PV.1103, pars. 63-70. Ante, doc. IV-105. See supra. 72 U.N. doc. S/5603. This resolution, sponsored by the Representatives of Bolivia, Brazil, the Ivory Coast, Morocco, and Norway, was adopted unanimously. "See U.N. doc. S/PV.1103, pars. 7-51, 71-79. See supra. 15 See U.N. doc. S/PV.1103, pars. 53–62. 23 Ante, doc. IV-105. 17 See ante, doc. IV-110. "See U.N. doc. S/PV.1103, pars. 4-6. Document IV-113 Establishment of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, Effective March 27, 1964: REPORT OF THE U.N. SECRETARYGENERAL (THANT), MARCH 26, 1964 79 1. In my report to the Security Council of 17 March 1964 [S/5593/Add.2], I indicated my intention to inform the Council immediately when the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was to become established operationally. I also advised the Council that the date on which the Force was established operationally would fix the date from which the three-month period of the duration of the Force, as defined in the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964 [S/5575], would begin. 60 2. I now wish to inform the Council that Lieutenant-General P. S. Gyani, the Commander of the Force, will assume command over it at 05.00 hours on 27 March, at which time the Force will become operational under the Security Council resolution. 3. As of the date of its establishment operationally, the Force will consist of the Canadian and British contingents and of advance parties that will have arrived by then. An advance team of the Finnish contingent is scheduled to arrive in Nicosia on the evening of 26 March; an advance party of the Swedish contingent is due to arrive 27 March; and a reconnaissance team of the Irish contingent is also due to arrive on 27 March. The main bodies of the Swedish, Finnish and Irish contingents are expected to arrive in Cyprus within about two weeks. 4. I take this opportunity to express my warm appreciation to the Governments which have supplied contingents for UNFICYP, and also to those Governments which have made voluntary financial contributions. I would also like at this time, when the United Nations is assuming responsibility for peace-keeping activities in Cyprus, to express my appreciation and good wishes to the British military units which have been carrying out this very difficult task since last December, some of whom now become a part of the United Nations Force.81 5. With the operational establishment of the United Nations Force, a new phase of the Cyprus situation begins. It has been encouraging to note that the situation in the island, although marred by a few shooting incidents, has, on the whole, become somewhat quieter lately. I very much hope that this improvement may be taken as an indication of the intention of the two main communities in Cyprus to exercise restraint, to cooperate with the United Nations in its efforts to restore peace and normal conditions, and to refrain from all activities which may cause a deterioration of the situation. I may also state at this time that I look forward to the co-operation of all parties, and especially of the Government of Cyprus, in the very difficult task which lies ahead for the United Nations Force. The Force will need this co-operation from the Government, from the two communities and from all the authorities, including the police and other security forces, if it is to discharge its responsibilities effectively. In this regard, I am instructing the Commander that he, and members of the Force as authorized by him, are free to have such contacts as they may deem desirable in order to ensure the proper performance of the functions of the Force as defined in the Security Council resolution of 4 March 1964. 6. The effectiveness of the Force will depend also upon an understanding attitude on the part of all concerned to the resolutions of the Security Council, and to the nature of the United Nations Force itself. It is necessary now only to emphasize that the Force in Cyprus is a United Nations Force, which operates exclusively under the mandate given to it by the Security Council and, within that mandate, under instructions given by the Secretary-General. I would once "U.N. doc. S/5593/Add. 3. 80 Ante, doc. IV-105. 81 See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, pp. 475–477. again point out that the Force is an impartial, objective body which has no responsibility for political solutions and, indeed, which will not try to influence them one way or another. With co-operation and with a positive attitude from all parties, it is my hope that this United Nations Force may make a large contribution to the restoration of law and order and to the return to normal conditions in the Island of Cyprus. Document IV-114 United Nations-Cypriot Agreement Concerning the Status of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, EFFECTED BY LETTERS EXCHANGED BY THE U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL (THANT) AND THE CYPRIOT FOREIGN MINISTER (KYPRIANOU), MARCH 31, 1964 82 Document IV-115 Cypriot Abrogation of the Treaty of Alliance of August 16, 1960, With Respect to Turkey: MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF CYPRUS (ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS) TO THE PRESIDENT OF TURKEY (INÖNÜ), APRIL 4, 1964 83 Document IV-116 Function and Operation of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus: AIDE-MÉMOIRE FROM THE U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL (THANT) TO THE GOVERNMENTS PROVIDING CONTINGENTS FOR UNFICYP, ÁPRIL 10, 1964 84 Function of the Force 1. The Security Council, by paragraph 5 of its resolution of 4 March 1964, recommended that the function of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) should be "in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions" 85 2. In carrying out its function, the United Nations Force shall avoid any action designed to influence the political situation in Cyprus except through contributing to a restoration of quiet and through creating an improved climate in which political solutions may be sought. Guiding principles 3. The Secretary-General has the responsibility for establishing the Force and for its direction. The Force, whose composition and size are to be established in consultation with the Governments of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom, is a United Nations Force, whose Commander has been appointed by the Secretary-General. 80 ន U.N. doc. S/5634 and Corr.1, Annexes I, II. The Turkish "U.N. doc. S/5647 and Corr.1,2. For the text of the Treaty of Alliance of Aug. 16, 1960, between Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, see 397 UNTS 287. Government rejected Cypriot abrogation of the treaty, Apr. 5, 1964. “U.N. doc. S/5653. For the composition of UNFICYP, see post, doc. IV–145. 85 Ante, doc. IV-105. |