The aforesaid discussions made it possible for the Committee to:

1. Confirm and extend the studies carried out previously in connection with the matters under discussion.

2. Gain a more thorough and detailed knowledge of the measures of coordination taken by the governments of Central America and Panama to meet the threat of international communism, and of the effectiveness of such measures. In this respect, the Committee considers it appropriate to express its satisfaction with the results obtained up to now in the region and, to this effect, maintains the statement made in its report of June 18, 1964, regarding the advisability that "this joint attitude of the Central American countries and Panama should be imitated insofar as possible by the other countries of the hemisphere." 3. Confirm the need for the American governments to have security and intelligence services, especially trained in anticommunist action, which in the opinion of the Committee should be organized along the following lines:

a) Their organization and functioning should be provided for in specific and adequate legislation;

b) They should have sufficient status to enable them to act with authority and promptness and, insofar as possible, under the direct supervision of the Chief of State;

c) They should be at the exclusive service of the government, and refrain from involvement in the party politics of the country;

d) They should be staffed by specialized technical and nonpolitical personnel; and

e) They should be organized, equipped, and provided with the necessary means to develop their inherent activities, such as those involving information, security, psychological action, intelligence, planning and coordination.

To this effect, the Committee wishes to express its firm belief that, in principle, effective cooperation and coordination between the American countries in their fight against the activities of international communism can be hoped for only on the basis of well organized security services.

B. Study of the desirability of strengthening inter-American coordination aimed at the more effective control of communist activities in the Americas. At various Inter-American Conferences and Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs the American governments have expressed their intention to adopt joint measures to counteract the activities of international communism.

The Committee considers that, up to the present time, these expressions have been limited in scope and, in practice, have resulted only in total or partial compliance by some governments with the recommendations made in this regard. Therefore, and in view of the increased activities of communism in the hemisphere, the Committee considers that the time has come to adopt or strengthen effective measures of coordination between all the American countries, and has prepared a study with this purpose in mind. (Appendix I).

Ante, doc. III-27.

89

'Not printed here. The study is on pp. 7-22 of the report. The conclusion reads in part:

"... The Special Consultative Committee on Security considers it a duty to make known to the Organization of American States that it would be advisable to convoke a specialized inter-American conference at the ministerial level, through the proper organ and as soon as possible, for the purpose of establishing the most appropriate methods for increasing cooperation among the American countries in their struggle against the international communist movement and, if it is deemed necessary, creating a specialized inter-American organization responsible for the coordination of the individual action carried out by the various governments."

C. Study of the Sino-Soviet conflict and its influence on communist activities in the Americas.

A great deal has been said and written about the apparent or real causes of the aforesaid conflict, but very little on its effects, particularly in reference to its influence on the activities of international communism in the Americas.

The form of presentation of the dispute, which, briefly, consists in the choice of means "to bury the free world"-whether through the application of so-called "peaceful coexistence" on the part of Russia, or through the "use of force" on the part of Communist China-may have created a falsely optimistic concept of its consequences for the Americas.

The influence that the Sino-Soviet conflict may have had, is having, or may have on communist subversive activities in the Americas has been a constant source of concern to the Special Consultative Committee on Security. For this reason it was considered necessary and opportune to make a study of the problem, which is attached hereto as Appendix II."

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND HAITI

Document III-35

Approval of Progress Made in the Committee of Five's Study of the Situation Existing Between the Dominican Republic and Haiti With Request That Work Continue Toward a Final Solution as Soon as possible: RESOLUTION APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE OAS ACTING PROVISIONALLY AS ORGAN OF CONSULTATION, DECEMBER 2, 1964 91

MEXICO

Document III-36

Convention Between the United States of America and the United Mexican States for the Solution of the Problem of the Chamizal, SIGNED AT MEXICO CITY, AUGUST 29, 1963, ENTERED INTO FORCE JANUARY 14, 1964 9:

90

92

Not printed here. The study is on pp. 25-68 of the Report. The conclusion reads in part:

"... After establishing that communist subversion continues to increase in Latin America, the Special Consultative Committee on Security deems it advisable to state as a general conclusion that the dispute between China and the Soviet Union has not diminished the subversive activities of international communism in the Americas, but that, on the contrary, it has, and does, constitute, in many countries, a greater incentive for the use of methods of violence."

91 OAS doc. OEA/Ser.G/III/C-sa-557. The Committee had been appointed on Apr. 28, 1963; see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, pp. 288289.

92 TIAS 5515; 15 UST 21.

Document III-37

Mexican-United States Discussions of Matters of Common Interest: JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ ISSUED AT PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (JOHNSON) AND THE PRESIDENT OF MEXICO (LÓPEZ MATEOS), FEBRUARY 22, 1964 93

President Adolfo López Mateos and President Lyndon B. Johnson had a number of talks at Palm Springs on February 21 and 22, which gave them an opportunity to renew their personal friendship and to examine, in a spirit of cordiality and good neighborliness, matters of common interest to the two countries.

The two Presidents noted with satisfaction the high level of understanding and cooperation established in recent years in the relations between Mexico and the United States and announced their decision to continue working toward the attainment of the goals set forth in the joint communique of June 30, 1962, issued following the conversations President Adolfo López Mateos and President John F. Kennedy had in Mexico City. In that connection, the two Chiefs of State expressed their profound sorrow at the premature, tragic death of President Kennedy.

94

The two Presidents reaffirmed their adherence to the principle enunciated by the Mexican patriot Benito Juárez more than a hundred years ago: "Respect for the rights of others is peace." The two Presidents are determined to abide scrupulously by this principle in the conduct of their relations with each other and with other nations and to make energetic efforts to see that it also serves as a principle for all members of the international community, both large and small.

The two Presidents also reaffirmed their support of the principle of self-determination of all peoples and of its corollary, non-intervention. They agreed that they would endeavor at every suitable opportunity to promote the acceptance of such principles, not only with words but with deeds, in the Americas and throughout the world. They expressed their faith in representative democracy, and in that connection they pointed out with special satisfaction that their peoples will have the opportunity within a few months freely to elect those who are to govern them.

The two Presidents reiterated the devotion of their peoples to the ideals of human liberty and the dignity of the individual and their decision to work for the protection and strengthening of those ideals by every adequate means, and in particular by supporting the efforts that are being made through the Alliance for Progress. They recognized, in fact, that it will not be possible to realize those ideals completely in the Americas if, in the cities, workers do not have an opportunity for productive employment; if, in the rural areas, farmers and farm laborers do not have land and the resources to make it

"Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 16, 1964, pp. 396-398. Both Presidents were in California to receive honorary degrees from the University of California at Los Angeles.

"Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 477–479.

productive; if families cannot find decent housing; if education is not within the reach of all; or if sickness and hunger undermine the vitality of people.

The two Chiefs of State examined the trade relations between Mexico and the United States and noted with satisfaction the higher levels they have reached. Geographic proximity, ease of communications, and the development of their economies make the two countries natural markets for each other's products. They agreed that as a general rule it is in the interest of both countries to try to maintain their access to each other's markets and to expand it whenever possible.

The two Presidents emphasized the essential role of exports in the economy of the developing nations and the great contributions that the developed nations can make to the attainment of the Alliance for Progress goals for the products of the developing nations. In examining this topic, the Presidents took into account the talks that have taken place between officials of the two countries with respect to sugar, lead and zinc, cattle, meats, and textiles.

The two Chiefs of State expressed satisfaction that the international coffee agreement, which is so important to the Latin American economy, has entered into force.95 As for cotton, they agreed that the system of consultation that has existed between the authorities of the two countries in the past five years should be continued, since the United States and Mexico are the largest exporters of this fiber. The two Presidents pointed out again, in a more general way, the need for intensifying the efforts that their governments have been making in the various international organizations to reach higher trade levels and, in particular, to eliminate discriminatory and restrictive practices regarding the exports of their respective countries throughout the world. They emphasized in this connection the special importance to the Latin American countries, and to Mexico in particular, of the elimination of such practices with respect to their basic commodities, in order to create a broader, more stable market for these products that will lead to an increase in their income from exports. On this point, President López Mateos expressed his interest in seeing that industrial workers and farm laborers obtain a fair share of such income, in order to enable them to improve their standard of living.

President López Mateos reaffirmed his purpose of continuing the policy of promoting economic development at rates greater than the population growth rate within a framework of monetary stability, which is so important for protecting the income of the greatest number of people. President Johnson, for his part, expressed his satisfaction at the cooperation which his Government was able to give Mexico through the recent renewal of the agreements in force between the financial authorities of the two countries.

The two Chiefs of State agreed on the need to strengthen the Organization of American States still further and to give it greater authority as an instrument of the American Republics for the main

85

TIAS 5505; 14 UST 1911. See also American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, pp. 1140-1142.

tenance of peace in the Hemisphere and the promotion of their common interests. With regard to the United Nations, they reiterated their desire to strengthen it by working together, and with its other members who are animated by the same desire, toward a realization of the principles and aims of the San Francisco Charter.

Both Presidents noted with satisfaction that on January 14 last their governments exchanged the instruments of ratification of the convention which provides for the full settlement of the Chamizal problem.96 After the legislation necessary for implementing the convention has been enacted, they agreed to hold a fitting ceremony in Chamizal to mark symbolically the new course of the Rio Grande between Ciudad Juarez and El Paso. They agreed that the two governments must continue to work through the International Boundary and Water Commission, the United States and Mexico, with a view to making the Rio Grande once again the boundary between the two countries. To that end they will instruct their respective Commissioners to submit studies as soon as possible of cases relating to any portions of land that may have become separated from the country to which they belong through changes in the Rio Grande and to recommend the action that ought to be taken.

The two Presidents noted the progress that has been made with regard to the construction of the second large Rio Grande dam—the Amistad Dam at Ciudad Acuna and Del Rio-98 which promises great benefits for both countries in the use of the water, flood control, and the generation of electric power. President López Mateos recalled that President Johnson, when still in the Senate, played an outstanding role in obtaining approval in the United States Congress of the legislation needed for the construction of that dam. Both Presidents voiced their satisfaction at the progress made in the initial construction phase and the fact that the building of the dam itself will soon be under way.

President López Mateos recalled his talks in June 1962 with President Kennedy on the problem of the salinity of the waters of the Colorado River. On that occasion the Presidents expressed "their determination, with the scientific studies as a basis, to reach a permanent and effective solution at the earliest possible time with the aim of preventing the recurrence of this problem after October 1963." President López Mateos observed that the Government of Mexico and Mexican public opinion consider that this problem is the only serious one between the two countries and emphasized the importance of finding a permanent solution as soon as possible. After presenting the United States' point of view, President Johnson described the experimental construction which is now being actively carried out in order to find an adequate permanent solution which he would recommend to the

TIAS 5515; 15 UST 21. For background see American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1963, pp. 290–293.

Post, doc. III-39.

See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp. 272–273.