*XIV-10. "For Fiscal Year 1964 a Total of 1,317,657 Visas Were XIV-11. "[Modification of the National Origins System of Immigra- Pages 1359 1359-1363 1363 Part I PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY Document I-1 "Our Ultimate Goal Is a World Without War, a World Made Safe for Diversity": ANNUAL MESSAGE ON THE STATE OF THE UNION READ BY THE PRESIDENT (JOHNSON) BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF THE CONGRESS, JANUARY 8, 1964 (EXCERPT)1 Our ultimate goal is a world without war, a world made safe for diversity, in which all men, goods, and ideas can freely move across every border and every boundary. We must advance toward this goal in 1964 in at least 10 different ways, not as partisans but as patriots. First, we must maintain-and our reduced defense budget will maintain that margin of military safety and superiority obtained through 3 years of steadily increasing both the quality and the quantity of our strategic, our conventional, and our antiguerrilla forces. In 1964 we will be better prepared than ever before to defend the cause of freedom, whether it is threatened by outright aggression or by the infiltration practiced by those in Hanoi and Havana who ship arms and men across international borders to foment insurrection. We must continue to use that strength as John Kennedy used it in the Cuban crisis and for the test ban treaty to demonstrate both the futility of nuclear war and the possibilities of lasting peace. 5 3 6 Second, we must take new steps-and we shall make new proposalsat Geneva toward the control and the eventual abolition of arms. Even in the absence of agreement we must not stockpile arms beyond our needs or seek an excess of military power that could be provocative as well as wasteful. It is in this spirit that in this fiscal year we are cutting back our production of enriched uranium by 25 percent. We are shutting down four plutonium piles. We are closing many nonessential military installations. And it is in this spirit that we today call on our adversaries to do the same. 1Department of State Bulletin, Jan. 27, 1964, pp. 110-111. 2 See footnote 14 to doc. I-2, infra. 2 See post, docs. IX-104-145. See post, docs. III-12, 18, 20-22, 26 et seq. See American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 399–471. 'Text ibid., 1963, pp. 1032–1034. 1 See post, docs. X-4, 9 and 17 et seq. Third, we must make increased use of our food as an instrument of peace, making it available by sale, trade, loan, or donation to hungry people in all nations which tell us of their needs and accept proper conditions of distribution.8 Fourth, we must assure our preeminence in the peaceful exploration of outer space, focusing on an expedition to the moon in this decadein cooperation with other powers if possible, alone if necessary. Fifth, we must expand world trade.10 Having recognized in the act of 1962 11 that we must buy as well as sell, we now expect our trading partners to recognize that we must sell as well as buy. We are willing to give them competitive access to our market, asking only that they do the same for us. Sixth, we must continue, through such measures as the interest equalization tax, as well as the cooperation of other nations, our recent progress toward balancing our international accounts.12 This administration must and will preserve the present gold value of the dollar. Seventh, we must become better neighbors with the free states of the Americas, working with the councils of the OAS [Organization of American States], with a strong Alliance for Progress, and with all the men and women of this hemisphere who really believe in liberty and justice for all.13 Eighth, we must strengthen the ability of free nations everywhere to develop their independence and raise their standard of living-and thereby frustrate those who prey on poverty and chaos. To do this, the rich must help the poor-and we must do our part. We must achieve a more rigorous administration of our development assistance, with larger roles for private investors, for other industrialized nations, and for international agencies and for the recipient nations themselves. Ninth, we must strengthen our Atlantic and Pacific partnerships, maintain our alliances, and make the United Nations a more effective instrument for national independence and international order. Tenth, and finally, we must develop with our allies new means of bridging the gap between the East and the West, facing danger boldly wherever danger exists, but being equally bold in our search for new agreements which can enlarge the hopes of all while violating the interests of none. In short, I would say to the Congress that we must be constantly prepared for the worst and constantly acting for the best. We must be strong enough to win any war, and we must be wise enough to prevent one. We shall neither act as aggressors nor tolerate acts of aggression. We intend to bury no one, and we do not intend to be buried. 8 See post, docs. XI-31-35. 9 10 11 See post, docs. X-72 et seq. See post, docs. XI-10-18. Text in American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1962, pp. 1383-1396. 12 See post, docs. XI-2-9. 13 See post, docs. III-70-96. We can fight, if we must, as we have fought before, but we pray that we will never have to fight again. Document I-2 The Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 1965: MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT (JOHNSON) TO THE CONGRESS, TRANSMITTED JANUARY 21, 1964 (EXCERPTS) 14 The less-developed nations are engaged in a critical struggle for political independence and economic betterment. This struggle takes many forms, from combating armed aggression and subversion in Vietnam 15 to advancing national efforts to reduce poverty and illiteracy in South Asia, Latin America, and other areas. Upon the outcome of this struggle will depend the stability and security of much of the world. Through our programs of foreign assistance, we provide aid to these free peoples and thereby advance our own vital interests. It is essential that we continue, with a small portion of our great resources and technical knowledge, to promote in the emerging nations hope and orderly progress, replacing misery, hostility, and violence. The $2.4 billion of new obligational authority recommended for 1965 in this budget for the programs of the Agency for International Development 16 is $1.1 billion less than originally requested for 1964. It will make the total 1965 obligational availability for the program equivalent to the amount provided by the Congress for 1964 including unobligated funds carried forward from the prior year. The 1965 recommendation represents a prudent assessment of the funds required to fulfill the obligations we have undertaken and the opportunities we seek in a changing and challenging world. The amount requested reflects a continuing effort to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of our assistance programs. We are reducing AID staffing by several hundred employees, proportionately one of the largest reductions of any agency in Government. We are stressing the necessity for recipient countries to take adequate self-help measures. The 1965 request reflects the successes we have had in reducing the dependence of some nations upon the low-cost foreign aid loans made by the Agency for International Development; by 1965 a number of countries will have turned to other sources and types of loans more consistent with their increasing economic strength. On the other hand, the 1965 budget does not allow for sudden opportunities that sometimes present themselves in international economic affairs. We must be able to take quick advantage of situations in which resolute and decisive actions can turn threats to the free world into constructive evidence of our determination to preserve the peace. "Department of State Bulletin, Feb. 10, 1964, pp. 218-222. The portions printed here deal with international affairs and finance. In the area of national defense, President Johnson's budget called for an expenditure of $54 billion (out of a total budget figure of $97.9 billion), an estimated decrease of $1.3 billion from the 1964 budget. 15 See post, docs. IX-104-145. * See post, docs. XII-2-3 and 9-12. |