KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH & CO., 1 PATERNOSTER SQUARE.

1889.

(The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved)

Exercise and Work-Muscle-Nerve; Avalanche Theory-
The Spinal Cord; Reflex Actions; Unconscious Movements-
The Brain; Reflex Movements; Voluntary Movements-The
Motor Centres; associated Muscular Actions - The Will,
Agent of Work-Muscular Contraction-Course of a Volun-
tary Stimulus; Mode of Transmission-Nervous Vibration and
the Muscular Wave-Time of Transmission; Latent Period.
CHAPTER II.-MOVEMENTS

20

Associated action of different Regions during Work-How a
Blow is given with the Fist-Co-Ordination of Movements;
Antagonistic Muscles; the Muscular Sense-Ataxic patients-
Static Contraction-Stiffness in Exercise-Muscular Education
-Association of the great Organic Functions with Muscular
Movement-Effort The Porter and his Load-Effort during
slight Expenditure of Force :-Too Hard a Nut-Frequency
of Effort in Exercise-Long Distance and Sprint Running
—Influence of Movements on the Circulation--The Quicken-
ing of the Pulse; its Mechanism-The Pulmonary Circulation
and the Active Congestion of the Lungs-Congestion of the
Brain during Movement-Dancing Dervishes-A Runaway
Horse.

CHAPTER III.-HEAT

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The Human Motor and Heat Engines The Mechanical
Equivalent of Heat-Heat is a Cause of Movement, not its
Effect-Heat Lost-How the Temperature of the Body is
Regulated -Effects of Heat on Muscle Experiment of
Marey on Caoutchouc-Observation of Daily Phenomena-
Muscle Heated and Muscle Numbed by Cold-Gestures of
Anger-Why we Make preliminary Passes in Fencing-The
Hare which has just been put up-Effects of too high a
Temperature-Death of Muscle at +45° C.

CHAPTER IV.-COMBUSTION .

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General Idea of Combustion-Chemical Sources of Heat-
Ancient and Modern Theories-Part played by Oxygen-
Oxidation; Hydration; Decomposition - Complexity of the
Chemical phenomena which produce Heat - Combustible
Materials; Food Stuffs; Reserve-Materials; Tissue-Materials
-Results of Combustion Products of Dissimilation
Products of Incomplete Oxidation; Uric Acid-Elimination of
Products of Dissimilation-Eliminating Organs-Auto-Intoxi-
cation-Dangers of Human Miasma.

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Experimental Fatigue-Absolute and Relative Fatigue-Fatigue
in Ordinary Conditions of Work; it is always Relative—
Examples of Relative and of Absolute Fatigue-Causes of
Sensation of Fatigue-Causes of Muscular Powerlessness
-Influence of Waste-Products of Combustion; Transmission
of Fatigue to Muscles which have not been Working-Use of
Fatigue-Part played by the Brain in Fatigue-Unconscious
Movements cause less Fatigue than Voluntary Movements;
Practical consequences.

CHAPTER II.-BREATHLESSNESS

67

A Hard Run-Exercises which cause Loss of Breath; Trotting
and Galloping; Going Upstairs-Law of Breathlessness—
Respiratory Need; Conditions under which it Increases and
Diminishes-Carbonic Acid; Its Production Increases with
Muscular Activity; it Diminishes during Repose-The Sleep
of the Marmot-Explanation of the Law of Breathlessness
-Why we lose Breath in Running Why the Horse
Gallops with its Lungs-Why Exercises of the Legs cause
more Loss of Breath than those of the Arms-The Coefficient
of Breathlessness-The Horse which exceeds its Paces-
Breathlessness is an Auto-Intoxication by Carbonic Acid—
Analogy with Asphyxia-Impossibility of Fighting against
Breathlessness.