terbury. citizens. not held now by men who speak with the same mo- Dean of Canderation as that which characterised the public and private speeches of that very eminent man. This question we are not met to discuss in the way of religious intolerance. We are willing to concede to Equality of political the Roman Catholics whatever rights we claim for rights as ourselves. It is more and more recognised that in political matters we wish to stand on equal ground, acting on the maxim,-Magna est veritas et prævalebit: and that those who advocate the claims of truth need not fear the result. The question we are now considering does not concern one religious body or denomination, but every one who is a citizen of a country. And I should like to ask who is not a citizen? We all are citizens, and it is wise to know our duties, and how to perform them. We are here to express our opinion on the principle of Ultra- Principle of montanism, and our approval of the course taken by tanism. the Emperor of Germany in resisting that principle, because it is something inconsistent with the duties which we owe to the State. Ultramontanism was originally invested with a very different meaning from what it is now holds. All'isms' may be taken to represent some opinion. The term began in Italy, and signified the state of feeling north of the Alps. But the term has long since changed its meaning, and as it is now used and accepted, it means the state of opinion and feeling which exists at Rome; Ultramon terbury. Cæsarism. Dean of Can- and that opinion is, that the temporal power is to be entirely subject to the spiritual power, and that the spiritual power is vested absolutely in the Pope. No doubt the question as to what are the exact limits of the spiritual and temporal power is a very difficult one. But we believe there are great lines which distinguish the two; and in obedience to Christ's command that we are to render to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's, and to God the things that are God's, we ought to endeavour to do our duty by each in its own proper field. And here I am aware of the manner in which the word 'Cæsarism' is used in the present day, when men take it in a bad sense to represent despotic and absolute power in the hands. of a single individual. But our Lord, in the words He used, simply meant to contrast the temporal and spiritual power. Cæsarism in its better sense does not mean the world in opposition to God, but simply the State, whatever the particular form of its government may be. There are certain things that belong to God, and certain things that belong to the power of the State. Now in a government like ours our duties to the State become much easier, because they do not contradict any of our natural rights or natural feelings. Elsewhere there may be in the Stategovernment things of which we should disapprove : but with this we are not now concerned. But what of temporal we affirm is, that be the form of government good Co-relative duties,-limit and spiritual. terbury. or bad, there are different things that we owe to God, Dean of Canand that we owe to our rulers. Now whatever may be our religious denomination or views, we hold that there are things in which the temporal power has no right to interfere. We also stand upon the ground that in things that affect our consciences no temporal power has the right to coerce us. Here we stand or fall according to God's judgment. We owe the responsibility to Him, and in the noble letter of the German Emperor he acknowledges that responsibility. He does not say that his power as head of the State is to be exercised in an irre sponsible manner. On the contrary, he holds it with a deep sense of the duties connected with it. He is resolved to do his duty, and his object is not to stretch his power to things to which it ought not to be stretched; all that he wishes is to do to his subjects what his duty at the head of the State obliges him to do. There are then certain things reserved for God. If the State crushes any of our moral feelings and commands us to do what we consider wrong, while we feel that we may be mistaken in our views, yet the great principle holds that if our consciences condemn a thing, we must Rights of abide by the consequences of acting according to our consciences; because conscience is God's great monitor within us to guide us unto the right. God's voice within us, and must be followed. It is But conscience. Dean of Can- Christ also tells us that we are to render to Cæsar the terbury. Ultramontanism opposed to the rights of conscience. things that are Cæsar's; and unless the conscience is to break loose from the word of God, it is our duty to do so. But this by Ultramontanism is rendered impossible. For Ultramontanism tells us that the State has no rights, but that the Pope is everywhere supreme. It is against this monstrous usurpation that Germany is struggling. But it is no new struggle. It has been going on since the tenth century. The claim to wield the temporal as well as the spiritual power was first put forth in the time of Boniface the Eighth. He said, there are two swords that belong to the Church and they are enough (Luke, xxii. 38): one is the spiritual, the other is the temporal power, and so far from these being in separate fields of duty, both were to be wielded by the Pope. That is what is meant by Ultramontanism, namely, the claim of the Pope to exercise absolute power in things both spiritual and temporal. I am not in this speaking any views of my own, but what is said by the advocates of Ultramontane views. Canon Pope, in his book says, that the power of the Pope is not limited by any limitation whatsoever; but extends over all our temporal and moral rights. In the Syllabus, excepting scientific matters, all things beTheSyllabus. sides, especially things relating to morals, are included as matters that belong to the dominion of the Pope. If it were necessary, a vast number of tes terbury. timonies might be brought forward to prove this. Dean of CanIf you look at the Syllabus issued by the present Pope, there are scarcely any views in morals, or in political matters, commonly current now among thinking men, which are not expressly referred to, usually for the purpose of condemning them. All such views as that citizens have equal rights, and almost all that men hold and believe in this country as matters of course, in a long series of propositions are expressly condemned, and the persons who hold them are anathematized. If you look at the Syllabus you will see to what a vast number of things this power of the Pope applies. It especially applies to anything where the moral element is brought in. Thus it refers to the im- Marriage. portant point of marriage. Ultramontanes assert that no marriage is really valid except it is performed by a priest of their own church, and in a form in accordance with their own liturgy. All other marriages are condemned as virtually invalid. So even as regards Austria, which has been con- Austria. sidered specially a Catholic country. It lies under the ban of Rome, because, when the Concordat was done away with in 1868, permission was given that in case of the death of those not in communion with Burial. the Church of Rome, their dead bodies should be put into the cemeteries of the Church of Rome, wheresoever there existed no public cemeteries in |