tanes. long been at work in this direction, and no money Ultramon or efforts have been spared to control the press of England. 'Wherever the Jesuits are admitted they will be masters, cost what it may.'* Efforts were also made to induce Earl Russell not to preside, but his lordship replied in the following spirited manner to one of the communications he had received: Pembroke Lodge, December 4th, 1873. DEAR SIR GEORGE BOWYER,-I am very sorry to differ from you in the step which I have taken of consenting to preside at a meeting at which it will be proposed to express our sympathy with the Emperor of Germany in the declaration he has made in his letter to the Pope. I conceive that the time has come foreseen by Sir Robert Peel, when the Roman Catholic Church disclaims equality, and will be satisfied with nothing but ascendancy. To this ascendancy-openly asserted to extend to all baptized persons, and therefore including our Queen, the Prince of Wales, our Bishops and Clergy-I refuse to submit. The autonomy of Ireland is asserted at Rome: I decline the Pope's temporal rule over Ireland. I remain, yours very truly, mankind.'-Transactions of Protestant Educational Institute, 1872, pp. 65, 66. 'That a majority of the reporters in the House of Commons, have been trained especially by the Jesuits for that post, and that for years they have been supplying reporters to the press, is a matter of notoriety to those who choose to inquire into the matter.'-Ibid. 1870, pp. 63, 64. Napoleon I. vide Victor Considerant, on The Jesuit Conspiracy. Chapman and Hall, p. liv. ings. Two meet- It was soon apparent that the great bulk of the people were prepared cordially to join in the movement. The Committee had, therefore, to make much more extensive arrangements than were at first intended. In addition to St. James's Hall, Piccadilly, Exeter Hall was also secured, in order to accommodate those who had signified their wish to attend the meeting. Admission was by ticket; the applications for which were so numerous as to fill twice over the respective halls. Letters of approval. Prof. Max Letters, expressing cordial sympathy and approval, poured in upon the Committee for several days; an analysis of which was read, and will be found in the report of the proceedings of the meetings. Also numerous telegrams were received from Germany which were read at the meetings amidst much enthusiasm. The following letter was also received from Professor Max Müller: Park's End, Oxford, January 18th, 1874. SIR,-With regard to the questions to be discussed, and the resolutions to be carried, at your meeting on the 27th of January, I feel that I am myself so entirely German that I cannot well join you in expressing sympathy with the people of Germany in their determination to uphold civil and religious liberty. The struggle in which Germany is engaged at present, is not in reality a religious struggle, but simply and solely a struggle for the supremacy of the law. In such a struggle Müller. Germany has and must have the sympathy of every English- Prof. Max man, be he Roman Catholic or Protestant. The enlightened, tolerant, and truly Christian spirit of the German nation has hitherto proved the best safeguard for the religious liberty of all professions; and in spite of the provocation given by a foreign priesthood, depend upon it that no right which is enjoyed by a Protestant will ever be withheld from a Roman Catholic citizen of Germany. Every German will rejoice to see the Nestor among English statesmen, the descendant of Lord William Russell, the advocate of Roman Catholic emancipation, coming forward once more to give expression to the Liberal and law-loving convictions of the people of England. I have the honour to be, Sir, (Signed) F. MAX MÜLLer. Rev. G. R. Badenoch, LL.D. O'Keeffe. Earl Russell received from the Rev. R. O'Keeffe, Rev. R. parish priest of Callan, Ireland, the following communication: Callan, Ireland, Jan. 14th, 1874. MY LORD,—If I could withdraw myself from local engagements to be present at your meeting on the 27th, I would appear there simply as an advocate for civil and religious liberty. I believe liberty of thought and action to be a gift from God that man has no right to take away. At the same time I acknowledge myself subject to the authorities and the laws of both Church and State. I owe civil allegiance to the Sovereign of these countries; and, as I profess the Roman Catholic faith, I acknowledge the Pope of Rome to be the head of my Church, but I swore forty years ago at Maynooth College that the Pope had no temporal or civil jurisdiction within these realms. I belong, as a Catholic priest, to the Rev. R. Cisalpine school of opinions represented by such theologians as Dr. Lingard, the English historian, and Dr. Doyle, the Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin in Ireland, and not to the Ultramontane school of Archbishop Manning and Cardinal Cullen. The Ultramontanes will put no limits to the power of the Pope either in civil or religious matters, except the limits which the Pope himself will place on that power; but this is not the doctrine of the Catholic Church; on the contrary, the encroachments of popes have been resisted with more spirit in Catholic than in Protestant countries, and in our own nation more stoutly before, than since, the Reformation. The most aggressive Pope we have ever had was the celebrated Hildebrand or Gregory VII. He sent his legate Hubert to claim civil allegiance from William the Conqueror, and some arrears of Peter-pence. That monarch answered that the arrears of Peter-pence should be paid, but that he owed and would pay no civil allegiance. King John, it is true, with great meanness of spirit, in order to purchase the support of the Pope against Philip Augustus of France, swore fealty before the legate Pandulf as a vassal of the Holy See; and on the grounds of this vassalage, Pope Innocent III. annulled Magna Charta, and absolved John from its obligations; but Churchmen themselves, as well as the barons and other laymen at the time, indignantly repudiated the interference of the Pope as an invasion of their civil rights. Boniface VIII., and other Popes from time to time put forward similar pretensions to temporal sway; but with no better success; and when Pius V. excommunicated Elizabeth, and absolved her subjects from their oath of allegiance, Felton, the man that posted the papal bull on the Bishop of London's residence, suffered the death of a traitor. From the middle ages popes have claimed among the privileges of the clergy their immunity from the jurisdiction of civil courts; and all legislation at Rome for many centuries to the present time is based on the supposition that a clergyman cannot be brought before a civil tribunal whatever crime he may be guilty of, unless he be first O'Keeffe. degraded from his order by the Church; and excommunication Rev. R. is denounced against all persons who charge an ecclesiastic with guilt before a lay tribunal, and against the judge who dares to sit in judgment on the cleric before he is so degraded. A very celebrated bull, called the Bulla Cœnæ, which contains this and many other excommunications, used to be read publicly in Rome in presence of the Pope every Maunday Thursday for several centuries until 1773, when its annual publication was suspended by a liberal-minded Pope named Ganganelli or Clement XIV., the same Pope that suppressed the order of the Jesuits; but this bull has been revived by the present Pope, and a new edition published in 1869. In virtue of this bull, Justice Keogh and Chief Justice Whiteside are under excommunication according to the Ultramontanes for having sat in judgment on the Galway clergy; and the officers of the Crown in Ireland for having brought the cases before a lay tribunal. This bull has been put in force against me by two Government Boards in Ireland-the Board of Education and the Board of Poor Law. I sued my curates in a civil court for having denounced me on the altar of my Church as untruthful, and I got a verdict against them with substantial damages. For this crime I was suspended, without any trial, by Cardinal Cullen, and then removed from my workhouse chaplaincy by the Poor Law Board, and from the management of my schools by the Board of Education. Cardinal Cullen said he suspended me by authority of the Pope, and the other parties suspended me because the Cardinal told them to do it. When Dr. Doyle and other Irish prelates were examined before Parliament, they disclaimed all temporal power on the part of the Pope, and they said that this Bulla Cœnæ was never received in these countries. Indeed, Dr. Doyle said expressly of it, 'that if it were in force, scarcely anything would be at rest in all the Catholic states of Europe,' yet Cardinal Cullen and Archbishop Leahy swore at the trial of my case last May in Dublin, that this odious Bull was in full force in Ireland. It is true I got a verdict against the Cardinal, but he has moved |