Imagini ale paginilor
PDF
ePub

The bag is folded on itself, and past into the cervix by means of long forceps. Thru the tube water is then forced into the bag up to its known capacity, and the tube clampt. When the bag is expelled, or after an hour or so, another larger bag is, if necessary, inserted to carry on the dilatation.

The New Illinois Medical Practice Act.

We print below the questions submitted at the first examination held under the new law to the applicants for license to practice in Illinois. The first series of questions are those used in examining physicians; the second, those for "other practitioners." "Other practitioners" refer to those which Section 2 of the law calls "those who desire to practice any other system or science of treating human ailments, who do not use medicines internally or externally, and who do not practice operative surgery." Under this the osteopaths come in, and these-fourteen of them-were the only ones who applied for special license and took the examination. "Osteopathy" is, however, not recognized by the law, any more than any other sect which treats without medicine. Those who pass the examination will be licenst to treat human ailments without the use of medicines, and without the use of surgical procedures. The questions submitted for the specially favored class are certainly elementary enuf. The very important subject of physical diagnosis was not taken up, but we understand it will be in the future examinations.

SERIES I-FOR PHYSICIANS.
ANATOMY.

1. Trace the femoral artery from its origin thru its large branches to the ankle. Describe the anatomical relations in the upper third.

2. How many tarsal bones are there? Name the largest and one of the smallest.

3. Name the muscles affected in torticollis, also state the origin and insertion of the principal muscle affected.

4. Name the largest arteries divided in amputation below the knee-joint.

5. Describe the diaphragm, its attachments, number and name of openings in it.

6. What are the number and names of the lobes of the liver?

7. What are the branches of the axillary artery?

8. Name the nerves forming the sacral plexus and its branches.

9. What is the sympathetic nerve system, and what parts of the body does it reach? Name and locate its chief nervous centers.

10. Give boundaries and contents of the popliteal space.

PHYSIOLOGY.

1. Give the physical properties and histologic characteristics of blood, and describe the process of coagulation.

2. What are proteids? What elements do they contain?

3. Describe the mechanism of the heart's action, and the sounds of the heart and their cause; also describe the manner in which the blood circulates thru the heart.

4. State the differences between the adult and the fetal circulation.

5. Describe the liver, naming its functions, also state the use of glycogen in the body. 6. Describe the manner in which the nervous system affects blood-pressure.

7. Describe the mechanism of respiration. 8. State of what the spinal cord consists, and name the functions of the membranes of the brain and of the spinal cord.

9. Describe the three forms of digestion. 10. What is the source and what is the function of the saliva?

CHEMISTRY.

1. Define an element and a compound. Give examples of each and their symbol.

2. What is hydrochloric acid? Give synonym and chemical formula.

3. Name the different forms in which matter exists, and define each. Examples.

4. What is meant by qualitative analysis? Quantative analysis? Structural analysis?

5. Give formula for normal acid, basic and a double salt.

6. What is oxygen, and how is it prepared from KCIO3?

7. What is the process termed when oxygen unites with another element, and amidst what phenomena does it usually take place?

8. What is an aldehyde, chemically speaking? ily prepared? From what and how is formaldehyde most read

9. What is peroxid of hydrogen? Give properties and formula.

10. What is starch? How is it obtained? Mention a test by which starch can be recognized.

MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.

1. Describe the therapeutic value of ichthyol, and name its principal ingredients.

2. Give the action and uses of menthol. 3. Give doses, therapeutics and dangers of three coal-tar products most used as antipyretics. 4. Give the composition of Hoffman's anodyn and Monsel's solution.

5. Name a few local and systemic emetics. 6. Compare atropin with morphin in physiologic effects.

7. Name the active principle of colchicum, and describe the therapeutic action.

8. Ergot, its physiologic and therapeutic action.

9. What would you do in a case of arsenic poisoning?

10. Write what you know of the urine as to: 1, its normal and abnormal pathologic constituents, and the manner of detecting the principal abnormal matters; 2, its specific gravity, stating upon what this depends, and the important infor

mation obtained thru a knowledge of the specific gravity. Also state what the following conditions indicate: a, a high specific gravity, and a small amount of urine; b, a high specific gravity and a large volume of urine; c, a low specific gravity and a small amount of urine; d, a low specific gravity and a large amount of urine.

PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY.

1. Describe calcareous degeneration, and give

causes.

2. Describe the histologic structure of sarcomata.

3. What are the morbid changes that take place in the vessels in arteriosclerosis?

4. What are blood-changes in leucemia ? 5. Differentiate between fatty degeneration and fatty infiltration.

6. Make a brief statement of the bacteriology of diphtheria, describing the micro-organism and the local and general tissue-changes produced by it.

7. Describe the bacillus of typhoid, giving its action and stating where found.

8. Describe the turbercle bacillus. How would you determine its existence in sputum ?

9. Name the principal cocci which occur in suppurative process.

10. In what way do bacteria affect the animal organism? Is the nitrogen in the body affected by bacteria, and if so, in what manner?

SURGERY.

1. Describe spina bifida and spina ventosa. 2. Which do you condsider more important in bone repair, the periostum or the medulla?

3. Of what importance is the medulla in the formation of red blood-corpuscles?

4. Describe and differentiate between the hard and soft chancre.

5. Give the chief varieties of spinal curvature -non-tubercular. Name causes and give treat

ment.

6. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Colls' fracture.

7. If a pistol-ball penetrated the skin and did not fracture the skull, where would you search for the ball?

8. Give the treatment for penetrating wounds of the abdomen.

9. Give signs, symptoms and common varieties of dislocation of the shoulder-joint, and method of reduction of anterior dislocation.

10. Which wounds do you consider the more dangerous, those of the brain or those of the intestines? Why?

PRACTICE.

1. Describe the morbid anatomy and treatment of acute enterocolitis.

2. Give the causes, symptoms and treatment of cholelithiasis.

3. Name the various forms of stomatitis, and outline the general treatment.

4. Give the prompt and immediate treatment in a case of acute asthmatic attack of dyspnea. 5. Vesicular emphysema, its causes, symptoms and treatment.

6. Give the different diagnosis between cerebral hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis and uremia.

7. Describe the pathology and treatment of thermic fever.

8. Give the common names, incubation period, period of eruption and duration of: a, rubella; b, rotheln; c, variola; d, varicella; e, pertussis. 9. Diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever. 10. Write what you know of catalepsy.

OBSTETRICS.

1. Describe the uterus, its normal position, its relationship to the other organs, and the means by which it is held in place.

2. How would you diagnose pregnancy before the fourth month? After the fifth month?

3. What means would you take to arrest a threatened abortion, and if abortion occurred, how would you know it was complete?

4. What is the most serious displacement of the uterus in pregnancy? How should it be treated?

5. What are the causes of, and how would you treat antepartum hemorrhage?

6. Describe normal labor, giving the clinical characteristics and mechanism of each stage.

7. What would you do in a case of rupture of the uterus in the first stage of labor? What in the second stage?

8. What would you do if the head should be arrested in the inferior strait in pelvic presentation?

9. How would you manage a case of shoulder presentation after labor has begun ?

10. Etiology, prognosis and treatment of puerperal fever.

GYNECOLOGY,

1. Give the blood-supply of the ovaries. 2. Give the causes of suppression of the menses, and describe menorrhagia and metrorrhagia.

3. Give the contraindications for the use of the sound.

4. Give the treatment of endometritis.

5. Give the symptoms and treatment of pelvic peritonitis.

6. Differentiate hematocele from other pelvic lesions.

7. What are the causes and terminations of salpingitis?

8. Discuss the pathologic results of laceration of the perineum.

9. Give the differential diagnosis of: a, salpingitis from appendicitis; b, fibroid of uterus from pregnancy.

10. What are the causes of prolapsus uteri ?

HYGIENE.

1. What is an antiseptic? A deodorant? A disinfectant? A germicide?

2. Name the three chemical germicides most commonly used, and state in what proportions employed.

3. Name: a, the disinfectant a solution of which should never be made in a tin vessel; b, the disinfectant which precipitates when brought in contact with albumin.

4. If called to a case of diphtheria in a family where there are other children, by what hygienic means would you hope to prevent the latter from contracting the disease? What precautions would you take to prevent your carrying the disease elsewhere?

5. What aerial disinfectant would you use for disinfecting an apartment after the occurrence of a communicable disease? Describe the manner in which it should be used.

6. Describe in full the manner in which you would disinfect a room in which a patient has been sick with scarlet fever.

7. What is the incubation period of a, variola; b, varicella; c, rubella; d, scarlatina; e, scarlet fever?

S. What effect has ground air and ground water on health?

9. What diseases are due to impure water?

10. Give the minimum of cubic space to be allotted to each individual in: a, tenement houses; b, school-rooms; c, ordinary hospital wards; d, in a fever, surgical or obstetric ward.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.

1. What is the difference between the spasms of arsenic and strychnia poisoning?

2. When does complete ossification of the os innominatum take place?

3. When a male and female are found dead from asphyxia, which was more probably the survivor? Why?

4. In the case of both dying from the same accident, which would be the probable survivor? 5. In poisoning with prussic acid, what symptoms would you expect to find?

6. What relation to insanity has remorse?
7. Define insanity.

8. What is the difference between paranoia and pseudo-mania?

9. What is the age of consent in Illinois ?
10. Define a degenerate.

SERIES II-OTHER PRACTITIONERS.

ANATOMY.

1. Name the vertebræ forming the spinal col

umn.

2. What is the scapula? Over what rib does it lie?

3. Name the ligaments of the hip-joint.

4. Describe the trapezius and the deltoid muscles, and give their action.

5. Where does the aorta commence, and into what does it divide and where?

6. Describe and locate the liver.

7. Between what ribs does the apex of the heart pulsate normally ?

8. Describe the lungs, and state which lung is the shorter, and why? Also name the structures forming the root of the lung by which the lung is connected with the heart and trachea.

9. What is the sympathetic-nerve system, and what parts of the body does it reach?

10. Trace the internal saphenous vein from its commencement to its termination.

PHYSIOLOGY.

1. What is hemoglobin? Where does it occur in the body?

2. What are leucocytes? Where are they found in the body?

3. The difference in the substances contained in arterial and in venous blood?

4. The cause of the first sound of the heart? Of the second?

5. The number of normal respirations in the adult per minute.

6. The composition of the gastric juice. 7. Describe the systemic circulation of the blood. The pulmonary circulation.

8. Describe the mechanism of respiration, and state on what the movement of the lungs depends.

9. What is the function of the cerebellum? 10. Describe the tissue and nerve-fibers entering into the structure and arrangement of muscles, and discuss the stimuli affecting muscular substances.

PHYSIOLOGIC CHEMISTRY.

1. What are proteids? What elements do they contain?

2. State the occurrence of glycogen in the body and its chief source.

3. From what is the fat deposited in the body derived ?

4. What is bile? From what is it derived? Name some of its characteristics, constituents, and two important pigments.

5. From what is the hydrochloric acid in the stomach derived?

6. What is the part oxygen takes in the physiologic process?

7. What is carbon dioxid? How is it formed in the body, and how got rid of?

8. Of what is the atmosphere especially composed? State proportions.

9. Describe the tissue changes in the spinal cord in locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis, posterior sclerosis).

10. Write what you know of the urine as to: 1, its normal and abnormal or pathologic constituents, and the manner of detecting the principal abnormal matters; 2, its specific gravity, stating upon what this depends, and the important information obtained thru a knowledge of the specific gravity. Also state what the following conditions indicate: a, a high s. g. and a small amount of u.; b, a high s. g. and a large volume of u.; c., a low s. g. and a small amount of u.; d, a low s. g. and a large amount of u.?

HYGIENE.

1. What is meant by ventilation?

2. What precautions would you take relative to the matter cought or spit up by consumptives? What danger, if any, will result if these discharges are deposited on the floor?

3. In hospital wards for ordinary cases, what cubic air-space should be allowed to each bed? 4. Why is milk so nearly perfect food? Why are eggs so highly valued for food?

5. What effect has the contraction of a muscle on the flow of the blood thru it?

6. What is the incubation period of typhoid fever? Of measles ?

7. What is meant by disinfection? How would you disinfect a room after the death or recovery of a patient suffering from diphtheria.

8. How is corrosive sublimate, bichlorid of mercury or carbolic acid used as a disinfectant, and in what proportions?

9. Give the size of a model school-room accommodating forty pupils. On what side of the pupil should the light be admitted, and why?

10. After attending a case of scarlet fever, for instance, what precautions would you take to prevent carrying the disease to your family, friends or patients?

HISTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY.

1. What is epithelium? Where is ciliated epithelium found in man?

2. Describe hyaline cartilage, and state in what situations it principally occurs.

3. In what manner is true bone essentially formed, or of what is it always made up?

4. Describe the histologic structure of an artery. Of a vein.

5. What are medullated nerve fibers? What important nerves are composed of these fibers? 6. Describe the manner in which fractured bone unites.

7. Give the definition of necrosis and definition of gangrene.

8. What histologic elements are directly concerned in inflammatory processes?

9. What are the structural changes in the blood-vessels in arterial sclerosis?

10. Enumerate the different stages of acute lobar pneumonia, and describe the gross appearance of the lungs in some one of these stages.Jour. Amer. Med. Asso.

Pennsylvania State Board of Medical Examiners.

At the examinations held in Philadelphia and Pittsburg 425 cadidates presented themselves-325 at Philadelphia and 100 at Pittsburg. The Board completed its report at Harrisburg, July 22, the following being the result: 374 received the required average and were recommended to the Council for license; 51 failed to attain the requisite average. The following are the questions asked:

ANATOMY.

1. Name the different kinds of articulation, and give an example of each.

2. Describe the shoulder-joint, and name the bones and ligaments entering into its formation. 3. Name the ligaments of the lower jaw. 4. From what arteries do the mammary glands receive there blood-supply?

5. State the relation of the intercostal bloodvessels to contiguous bones.

6. State the relations and give a general description of the parotid gland.

7. Describe the endosteum and the periosteum. 8. By what principal venous trunks is the blood brought back to the heart from distant parts of the body?

9. Outline the position of a normal heart and name the point at which the apex beat will be found.

10. Give a short general description of the skin its, orgin, and period of development.

PHYSIOLOGY.

1. Describe the special function possessed by each nerve factor concerned in a vasomotor action, and state how either affects arterial tension.

2. State with what principal functions pulmonary endothelium is endowed, and describe the origin and character of the blood which an alveolus utilizes during its physiological action.

3. Give the source and state the character of the blood, supplying hepatic prrenchymatous cells, and describe the two principle functions they possess.

4. Describe the general functions possessed by renal endothelium of both the glomerules and convoluted tubules.

5. Describe the clotting of blood and give a theroy for the genesis of fibrin.

PATHOLOGY.

1. Describe the physical alterations characterizing the lesions of the cardiac valve leaflets and the effects of these upon the sounds of the heart. 2. Name several morbid conditions g ving higher or lower than normal temperature and explain how such change is effected.

3. Describe the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of diphtheritic membrane.

4. Describe thrombosis and embolism of a cerebral vessel, with the changes induced in surrounding brain tissue.

5. In any form of obstruction of the biliary duct, explain through what component elements of the liver and by what blood channels bile enters the economy and occasions icterus.

THERAPEUTICS.

State Medical Society.

1. Mention two drugs used to allay the cough of phthisis pulmonalis, and state how they accomplish it.

2. Name three remedies used in the treatment of typhoid fever, and give the reason for their administration.

3. Differentiate the physiological action of chloral hydrate from opium.

4. How do nux vomica and belladonna, when given with a purgative, assist in its action?

5. State the conditions of the circulatory system indicating the use of nitroglycerin and digitalis. PRACTICE.

1. Name five diseases in which Cheyne-Stokes respiration is commonly found.

2. Give the symptons and sequels of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis (cerebro-spinal fever). 3. Locate the lesions in the following given cases Right-sided hemiplegia without loss of consciousness, with aphasia; and the same condition, with impaired sensation.

4. Name five lesions of the lungs that cause an increase of the rate of respiration.

5. Give the symptons and treatment of dilatation of the stomach.

SURGERY.

1. Give the symptoms and treatment of acute synovitis of the knee-joint.

2. Describe the symptons and treatment of acute periostitis.

3. Enumerate the recognized degrees of burns, and give the treatment for the second degree.

4. Give the symptoms and treatment of fracture of the upper third of the femur.

5. Give three important diagnostic symptoms indicating vesical calculus in children, and detail the most approved operation for extraction.

6. Enumerate the symptons of any condition in which trephining of the scull is necessary. 7. Under what conditions is it advisable to

wait for development of a line of demarcation in gangrene, before amputating?

8. Differentiate complete inguinal hernia, varicocele and hydrocele.

9. Detail the operation for ligation of the primitive carotid artery, below the omohyoid muscle.

10. Describe any of the several dislocations of the elbow-joint giving the mode of reduction, and treatment.

OBSTETRICS.

1. Enumerate the symptoms of one form of etopic pregnancy.

2. How would you treat a normal case of labor aseptically?

3. How would death of the fetus in utero be recognized after period of viability? How would you manage such a case?

4. Give the causes, import, and management of antepartum hemorrhage.

5. Give treatment for retained placenta after abortion.

6. What anatomic features of the pelvis are of special importance in the process of labor?

7. Give four positions in head presentations, the order of their frequency, and the mechanism of the most common.

8. Give causes, dangers, and management of prelapse of the funis.

9. From what condition does puerperal eclampsia proceed, and how would you recognize and manage a case?

10. Mention the most frequent causes of puerperal mammary inflammation, and give prophylaxis and treatment.

MATERIA MEDICA.

State Medical Society.

1. Give symptoms and treatment of a case of cannabis indica poisoning.

2. Write a prescription for a diarrhea mixture containing at least three drugs. Use no abbreviations.

3. Describe the physical properties of tr. ferri chloridi, acidum salicylicum, and liquor plumbi subacetatis.

4. Give the doses of atropinae sulphas, hyoscinae hydrobromas, ext. conii fld. and acidum carbolicum.

5. Give the habitats of ipecacuanha, coca erythroxylon, cascara sagrada and strophanthus. CHEMISTRY.

1. Write out the chemical formula to represent the reaction that takes place on boiling Fehling's solution with diabetic urine.

2. What new compounds are formed when corrosive sublimate and potassium iodid are combined in solution? Write out the formula for the reaction.

3. What are the chlorids of the urine? How are they chemically recognized in urinalysis? 4. How should water be distilled, and at what temperature is its specific gravity standard? 5. What is carbolic acid? State its antidotes. DIAGNOSIS.

1. Diagnosticate infantile spinal paralysis. 2. Differentiate follicular tonsillitis from diphtheria.

3. Name the distinctive symptoms of typhoid fever.

[blocks in formation]

Medical Education in Kentucky. OFFICE OF STATE BOARD OF HEALTH,

BOWLING GREEN, KY., Aug. 1, 1899. The State Board of Health of Kentucky gives notice to all concerned that it will hereafter refuse to recognize, as a basis for certificates to practice medicine, diplomas from any medical college which does not, in good faith, comply with the requirements of the American Medical College Association, the American Institute of Homeopathy and the American Electic Medical College Association, respectively, both as to preliminary education and four years' course of study. This means that no school that graduates three-year students will be recognized in this State hereafter.

The Board provided an examination for threeyear graduates of the present year, as many of the students had attended such schools in ignorance of its advanced requirements, but foundthis course unsatisfactory, a large per cent. of the examinations indicating incomplete preliminary education as well as imperfect medical training. This standard for the State of Kentucky was made and promulgated in 1891, to take effect this year, but is again publisht that schools patronized by Kentucky students, and future graduates expecting to practice here, may fully understand our requirements.

Surgical Hints.

Never allow a room to be swept or dusted just before an operation. Cover everything with wet sheets, if necessary, so as to prevent the raising of dust.

When you have blood upon your hands, first wash them in pure water. Using soap at first is a mistake, as soapy water does not dissolve blood rapidly. Clear water and a nail brush should come first, soap next.

Brander Matthews on English Spelling. Philologists the world over are of one mind on the absurdities of English spelling. An expert authority on the subject, recognized as a thoroly capable guide therein, quoted by Professor Brander Matthews, in his suggestive little volume, "Americanisms and Briticisms" (Harpers), does

« ÎnapoiContinuă »