the systematic works upon the natural history of Chili, Cuba, and elsewhere, published under the direction of the French government. Died February 17th, aged sixty-seven.

Hearder, Dr. Jonathan. An inventor and manufacturer of many forms of electrical and chemical apparatus, an early advocate of a telegraphic cable across the Atlantic; also a manufacturer of fishing-tackle and other apparatus for the capture of fish, his trawl-nets having been used by the British Challenger expedition and the United States Fish Commission. Died at Plymouth, England, July 16th, at an advanced age.

Jacobi, Lieutenant-General. The monographer of the genus Agave. Died at Berlin.

James, Dr. Born in Richmond, Virginia. Surgeon and naturalist of the Chevert, a vessel fitted out by Mr. Maclay for exploration in New Guinea. An accomplished collector. Killed by the natives of Yale Island, New Guinea, September 15th.

Jelinek, Dr. Carl. A distinguished physicist, and publishing much relating to magnetism and meteorology. Director of the Central Institute for Magnetism and Meteorology at Vienna. Died at Vienna, October 9th, aged fifty-four.

King, Dr. Richard. A companion of Sir George Back in his arctic travels, of which he wrote a narrative; author of many articles of a medical and sanitary nature, and editor of a statistical and ethnological journal. Died February 4th.

Kopp, Professor E. An Alsatian by birth; a professor in the University of Strasburg previous to 1848; afterward Professor of Chemistry in the Polytechnic School of Zurich; well known as a writer on the history and progress of the coal-tar colors. Died November 3d, at the age of fifty-nine. Kowalevsky, Dr. J. Secretary of the Caucasian section of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, and editor of its publications.

Laplace, Admiral Cyrille. Well known as connected with numerous voyages of discovery, the results of which added much to the knowledge of physics and natural history of the globe. Died at Brest, January 24th.

Leigh, Evan. Inventor of the "twin screw," and other details connected with cotton machinery. Died at Manchester, England, February 2d, in the sixty-fifth year of his age.

Letheby, Dr. Distinguished as an analyst, and for many years medical officer of health in the city of London. Died in April, at the age of sixty. Lucas, Louis A. A well-known African traveler. Died near Jeddah, on the Red Sea, in November.

Macaya, de Castera. Born in 1800. Well known as Secretary and President of the Geographical Society of Paris, and author of numerous essays upon geographical subjects. Died in Paris, January 14th, aged seventy

March, William T. A resident of Jamaica, and specially interested in its birds and plants. Author of several papers on Jamaica birds. Died at an advanced age.

Marvine, A. R. Born 1848. United States government geologist and explorer. Died at Washington, March 2d.

Meek, Professor Fielding B. One of the most distinguished of American paleontologists. Died at the Smithsonian Institution, December 22d,

aged fifty-nine.

Melville, Andrew Smith.

Lecturer on botany and geology in the

Edinburgh School of Arts. Died July 22d.

Miller, Mrs. Widow of the late Hugh Miller. Died at the age of sixtyfour.

Minascalchi-Erizzi, Count. A founder of the Italian Geographical Society. Died December 30th, 1875.

Mohl, Professor Jules de. Professor of Persian in the College of Died at the age of seventy-six.

France.

Munzinger, Werner. A Swiss by birth; an eminent explorer in Afri ca; author of several valuable works, and contributed largely to the journal of the Royal Geographical Society.

Napier, Robert. Born in 1791. An eminent citizen of Glasgow, dis tinguished among British engineers, and as the proprietor of the great establishment at Glasgow for the manufacture of marine engines, and as the build. er of most of those of the Cunard steamers. Died June 22d, at the age of eighty-five.

New, Charles. A well-known missionary and traveler in East Africa. Author of various notes of travel. Born in 1840. Died at Duruma, February 14th.

Newman, Edward. An eminent naturalist, his labors having special reference to entomology and the ferns. Best known as the editor of the Zoologist and the Entomologist. At the time of his death in charge of the natural-history department of the London Field. Died at Peckham, England, June 12th, at the age of seventy-five.

Noltke, Ernst Ferdinand. A veteran botanist of Kiel. Died February 13th, at the age of eighty-four.

Parkes, Dr. A well-known army surgeon; author of many important papers of physiological and biological merit. Died in March, at the age of fifty-six.

Pertz, Chevalier. For many years librarian of the Royal Library of Berlin. Died in October.

Pfunds, Dr. Attached to Colonel Colston's expedition to Kordofan and Dar Fur. Died at the latter place, August 23d.

Pictet, Adolphe. An eminent writer on ethnology and comparative philology. Died at Geneva, in December, at the age of seventy-six.

Ponier, Porter. A most promising student of physical science. Died at Newark, New Jersey, June 11th, at the age of twenty-three.

Redmond, M. An English missionary traveler in Africa.

Redtenbacher, Dr. Ludwig. Director of the Imperial Zoological Museum of Austria. Author of numerous works on entomology, etc. Died at Vienna, February 8th, at the age of sixty-three.

Reuschle, Professor K. G. Author of many works on geography and physics. Died at Stuttgart, May 23d, at the age of sixty-five.

Rizaux, Professor. Radcliffe astronomical observer at Oxford.

Rousseau, Henry. One of the founders of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History. Died in that city, September 19th, at the age of seventy-five. Russell, Alexander. Author of a standard work on the salmon. Died in Glasgow.

Scrope, George Poulett. Born in London in 1797. An eminent geologist, his specialty being the investigation of recent and extinct volcanoes and the phenomena of igneous rocks generally. Author of many important works relating to these subjects.

Séna, Baron von. Known as connected for many years with the observatory at Athens, which was founded by his father. Died at Vienna, April 15th, in the sixty-fifth year of his age.

Simon, Dr. Professor of Surgery in the University of Heidelberg for fifty-three years. Died recently in that city.

Simskowski, George F. Best known from his report of travels of the Russian mission through Mongolia to China. Died in the spring of 1875, at the age of eighty-five.

Smith, George. Connected with the British Museum. Distinguished in the department of Assyrian antiquities and history. Died at Aleppo on the 19th of August.

Snell, Professor Ebenezer S. Professor of Mathematics in Amherst College, Massachusetts. Died September 18th, at the age of seventy-five. Transon, Abel. An eminent mathematician and professor in the Polytechnic School at Paris. Died in that city in August, at the age of seventy.

Van Houtte, Louis. An eminent Belgian horticulturist, distinguished for his scientific knowledge of plants and his numerous experiments in regard to their growth. Died May 9th, at the age of sixty-six.

Vignoles, Charles B. A well-known English railway engineer. Died in November, at the age of eighty-two.

Von Baer. An eminent Russian naturalist.

Von Heuglin, Theodor. A distinguished African explorer and collector; a specialist in ornithology. Died at Stuttgart, at the age of fifty-two.

Von Waltershausen, Dr.

Professor of Mineralogy at Göttingen,

where he died, October 16th, aged sixty-seven. Specially interested in researches upon volcanoes.

Von Willemoes-Suhm, Dr. R. Born September 11th, 1847. One of the zoologists of the Challenger expedition. Died on board that vessel between the Sandwich Islands and Tahiti, September 13th, at the age of thirty.

Wing, Rev. Augustus. Especially interested in the investigation of the rocks of Vermont, particularly the crystalline limestone, quartzite, and slates of the central portion of the state; discoverer of Lower Silurian fossils in the crystalline limestone. Died at Rochester, Vermont, January 19th, at the age of sixty-seven.

Wright, Dr. Thomas S. A practicing physician, who found time for investigations in British marine zoology. Died in Edinburgh, in October, aged fifty-eight.

Wyndham, T. Heathcote G. A chemical mineralogist. Died in No

vember.

P. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

SELECT WORKS ON SCIENCE PUBLISHED DURING 1876.

The following list of books relating to the several departments of science contains only a small portion of those published during the past year, but, it is believed, embraces the most important. The limitations of the Record preclude an exhaustive bibliographical enumeration or plan; nor, indeed, is this required by readers. Works only have been introduced that have features of general interest to commend them, especially such as have been more or less favorably noticed in the principal journals devoted to general science, and mention will be found of the places in the several journals where criticisms are contained. These references will serve in lieu of the critical notices which were proposed in a previous volume for the present Record; experience having shown that, in order to do justice to the several works and to ourselves, more space would be required than could be well spared for the purpose.

Whenever the volumes themselves were accessible, the titles and collations have been taken directly from them. In many cases, however, the compiler has been obliged to depend solely on the titles contained in the journals in which the volumes have been noticed, or upon booksellers' announcements. These are often, and indeed generally, deficient in some point or other: e.g., the title may be imperfect or altered; the date of publication may be omitted, and then it can not be certain whether the volume has been published during the current year or in a past one; there is a difference in the statements as to sizes; the collation is frequently absent or erroneous, and the number of pages incorrectly given, and sometimes even the place of publication is omitted. Wherever the means of verification or correction by referring to the volumes themselves have been possible, they have been improved; unfortunately, however, in most cases the volumes themselves could not be consulted; the purchases for the public libraries of Washington are generally very dilatory, and works may have been published