Sometimes, in the latter line, a part is to be supplied from the former, to complete the sen

The mighty dead tremble from beneath;
The waters, and they that dwell therein.

Job, xxvi. 5.

There are parallel triplets; where three lines correspond together, and form a kind of stanza; of which, however, only two lines are commonly synonymous:

The wicked shall see it, and it shall grieve him;
He shall gnash with his teeth, and pine away;
The desire of the wicked shall perish.

That day, let it become darkness;

Psalm cxii. 10.

Let not God from above enquire after it;
Nor let the flowing light radiate upon it.

Job, iii. 4.

There are parallels consisting of four lines; two distichs being so connected together by the sound and the construction, as to make one stanza:

Be not moved with indignation against the evil doers;
Nor with zeal, against the workers of iniquity:
For, like the grass, they shall soon be cut off;
And like the green herb, they shall wither.

Psalm xxxvii. 1, 2.

The ox knoweth his owner;
And the ass the crib of his lord:

But Israel doth not know:

My people doth not consider.

Isaiah, i. 3.

In stanzas of four lines, sometimes the parallel lines answer to one another alternately; the first, to the third; and the second, to the fourth:

As the heavens are high above the earth;

So high is his goodness over them that fear him:
As remote as the east is from the west;

So far hath he removed from us our transgressions.
Psalm ciii. 11, 12.

And ye said, Nay, but on horses will we flee;
Therefore shall ye be put to flight:

And on swift coursers will we ride;

Therefore shall they be swift that pursue you.

Isaiah, xxx. 16.

Sometimes, in the alternate quatrain, by a peculiar artifice of construction, the third line forms a continuous sense with the first, and the fourth with the second. Of this variety, a striking example occurs in Bishop Lowth's nineteenth prælection: its distinguishing feature, however, is not there sufficiently noted: more justice has been done to the passage by Mr. Parkhurst (Heb. Lexicon, Voce y) whose translation follows:

I will make mine arrows drunk with blood;
And my sword shall devour flesh:

With the blood of the slain and the captive;

From the hairy head of the enemy.

Deut. xxxii. 42.

That is, reducing the stanza to a simple quatrain :

I will make mine arrows drunk with blood;
With the blood of the slain and the captive:

And my sword shall devour flesh;
From the hairy head of the enemy.

Again,

From without, the sword shall destroy;
And in the inmost apartments terror;
Both the young man and the virgin;
The suckling, with the man of gray hairs.

Deut. xxxii. 25.

The youths and virgins, led out of doors by the vigour and buoyancy natural at their time of life, fall victims to the sword in the streets of the city: while infancy and old age, confined by helplessness and decrepitude to the inner chambers of the house, perish there by fear, before the sword can reach them.

Mr. Green, in his "Poetical parts of the New Testament," observes that there is a similar hyperbaton in Isaiah, xxxiv. 6. And my learned friend, Dr. Hales, reduces to a similar form, that remarkable prophecy, Genes. xlix. 10:

The sceptre shall not depart from Judah ;

Nor a scribe of his offspring:

Until Shiloh shall come;

And [until] to him a congregation of peoples.

That is, according to Dr. Hales, the sceptre, or civil government, shall not depart, till the coming or birth of Shiloh; and the scribe, or expounder of the law, intimating ecclesiastical regimen, shall not depart, or cease, until there shall be formed a congregation of peoples, a church of Christian wor

shippers, from various nations; the former branch of this prophecy was fulfilled, when Augustus made his enrolment preparatory to the census throughout Judea and Galilee; thereby degrading Judea to a Roman province: the latter branch was fulfilled, at the sacking of Jerusalem by Titus; when the temple was destroyed, and the Jewish ritual abolished.

Some periods, also, may be considered as forming stanzas of five lines; in which the odd line or member usually either comes in between two distichs; or, after two distichs, makes a full close :

Who is wise, and will understand these things?
Prudent, and will know them?

For right are the ways of Jehovah ;

And the just shall walk in them;

And the disobedient shall fall therein.

Hosea, xiv. 9.

Who establisheth the word of his servant;

And accomplisheth the counsel of his messenger;
Who sayeth to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be inhabited;
And to the cities of Judah, Ye shall be built;

And her desolate places I will restore.

Isaiah, xliv. 26.

The five-lined stanza sometimes consists of an alternate quatrain, with a fifth line annexed; thus:

Who is there among you that feareth Jehovah?

Let him hearken unto the voice of his servant:
That walketh in darkness, and hath no light?

Let him trust in the name of Jehovah ;
And rest himself on the support of his God.

Isaiah, 1. 10.

These are the chief varieties of parallelism, and of combinations of lines, or stanzas, noticed by Bishop Lowth; for a few others, the reader is referred to his Lordship's nineteenth prælection, and to his preliminary dissertation. Some varieties also, that have escaped his observation, as well as that of other writers on the subject, shall be exemplified in a future section: but, in the first place, attention is demanded to what appears no trifling error, in the Bishop's nomenclature, and definition, of the first kind of parallelism: this will be the subject of the next section.

NOTE ON SECTION II.

(1) Proverbs, x. i.]-Glass, Philol. Sacr. p. 1228. (395. ed. Bauer.) says, that in each member of this verse, both father and mother are to be understood; though, in the first member, the father only, and, in the second member, only the mother is mentioned. Bishop Lowth more justly states, that "the terms father and mother, are, as the logicians say, relatively opposite." Prel. Diss. p. xix. The truth is, that, on Glass's plan, the force and beauty of the passage would be lost. It is to be understood thus: A wise son rejoiceth even a father; whose demands are high, and whose affections are commonly of the sterner cast: but a foolish son is sorrow even to his mother; whose tender

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