THE TRUSTY SERVANT AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE. (Vol. vi., p. 12.) I am much obliged to SIR F. MADDEN for his answer to my former Query on this subject, under the signature of M. Y. R. W. The reference which I wished to recover was that to Hoffman's Lexicon Universale: I fear that the Bursars' Rolls will yield no further information than what has been already obtained from them, relating to this curious figure. But I think that the Latin verses which accompany the portrait may afford a clue to the date of the original painting: I strongly suspect that the author of them was Christopher Johnson, M.D., Head Master of the School, A.D. 1560-71; a date which would agree with the one conjectured by SIR FRED. MADDEN. I cannot positively assign the authorship of these verses; but I find them included in a small MS. volume of Latin verses, in the library of this college, which seems to be a collection of pieces by Johnson. Certainly these verses are mixed up with pieces unquestionably Johnson's. His most remarkable piece was a history in hexameter verse of the college and school, with an account of the customs observed in it, of the times assigned to the various duties, and of the course of study throughout each day of the week, and the authors used in the different classes in the school. It is in truth a very complete account of the system of instruction then pursued. This poem was published in a volume edited by the Rev. C. Wordsworth, M.A., entitled The College of St. Mary Winton, near Winchester: J. H. Parker, Oxford, and D. Nutt, London: 1848. The MS. above referred to, besides other pieces of Johnson's, contains his Epigrams on the Wardens and Head Masters who had preceded him, in which, assigning a distich to each, he sets forth some leading feature of their character or conduct; concluding with the following on himself: "C. Johnson: de seipso, 1560. Ultimus hic ego sum; sed quàm benè, quàm malè, nolo Dicere; qui de me judicet, alter erit." I would suggest that the name of Apelles in the passage from Hoffman's Lexicon is not meant to apply to the celebrated painter of antiquity, but is a metaphorical expression for a painter,-a usage of the term by no means uncommon; as, for example, in the following verse, on Quintin Matsys at Antwerp: ago. this remarkable epigram, it being the result of some researches on the subject made a few years Nearly a century before Gil Blas thought of inscribing the lines over his door in letters of gold, Robert Burton, alias "Democritus Junior," concludes Part II. Sect. iii. Memb. 6. of that extraordinary tome, the Anatomy of Melancholy, in the following words: "And now, as a mired horse that struggles at first with all his might and main to get out, but when he sees no remedy, that his beating will not serve, lies still I have laboured in vain, rest satisfied; and, if I may usurpe that of Prudentius, — 'Inveni portum. Spes et Fortuna, valete! Nil mihi vobiscum: ludite nunc alios.' 'Mine haven's found. Fortune and Hope, adieu ! Mock others now: for I have done with you.'" Burton quotes in a note as his authority, "Distichon ejus in militem Christianum, è Græco. Engraven on the tomb of Fr. Puccius the Florentine, in Rome.-Chytreus in deliciis." I do not, however, believe the lines are to be found in Prudentius. I have met with them in Joannes Soter's Epigrammata, Colon. 1525; and as forming Francesco Pucci's epitaph, engraven on his tomb at Rome, it will be necessary first to quote Anthony à Wood, who, in his life of that theological mountebank and associate of the magicians" Dr. Dee and Edward Kelley, says (Athen. Oxon., edit. Bliss, i. 589.): 66 66 "After the year 1592 he (Pucci) went to Rome, and became secretary to Cardinal Pompeius Arragon, from whom he expected great matters; but death snatching him untimely away, in the midst of his aspiring thoughts, about the year 1600, he was buried in I have more the church of St. Onuphrius in Rome. than twice sent to that place for the day and year of received no answer. his death, with a copy of his epitaph, but as yet I have Therefore I take this epitaph made for him, which I have met with elsewhere: Inveni portum. Spes et Fortuna, valete! Nil mihi vobiscum: ludite nunc alios." Now here Wood must be in error, for in the very year that he states Pucci went to Rome as secretary to Cardinal Pomp. Arragon, viz. 1592, tius Schraderus (Monumenta Italiæ: folio, Helmæwe find his epitaph printed as follows in Laurenstadii, p. 164.): "Francisci Puccii. γνῶθι σεαυτὸν. Florentini Cardinalis Aragon. Secretarij, cui importuna mors honores maioresq; titulos præripuit. Inveni portum," &c. (as above). We meet with it likewise in Nath. Chytræus, Variorum in Europa Itinerum delicia, in the several editions of 1594, 1599, and 1606; and in Franc. Sweertius, Select. Christiani orbis deliciæ, 1626. The Greek epigram, as given by MR. SINGER (Vol. v., p. 64.), is printed in Brund Analecta veterum poetarum Græcorum, vol. iii. p. 286. Another good epigram in Burton (Anat. Mel., 16th edit. p. 415.) deserves a few words of comment: "Excessi è vitæ ærumnis facilisque lubensque, Ne pejora ipsâ morte dehinc videam.' I left this irksome life with all mine heart, Lest worse than death should happen to my part.' Cardinal Brundusinus caused this epitaph in Rome to be inscribed on his tomb, to show his willingness to dye, and taxe those that were so loth to departe." This "Cardinal Brundusinus," as Burton styles him, was Girolamo Aleandro, a man of great learning and ability, who played a conspicuous part in the Reformation as one of Luther's most bitter antagonists. He composed his own epitaph, which concluded with the two Greek verses, the original of Burton's: “ Κάτθανον οὐκ ἀέκων, ὅτι παύσομαι ὢν ἐπιμάρτυς On which Mr. Hallam, in the first edition of his "His epitaph on himself may be mentioned as the best Greek verses by a Frank that I remember to have read before the middle of the eighteenth century, though the reader may not think much of them.” This bit of criticism of the learned historian has, I find, been expunged from his second edition, published in 1843. A. GRAYAN. FATHER PETRE. (Vol. vi., p. 362.) Your correspondent M. D., "a collateral descendant of the celebrated Father Petre," inquires for rhymes concerning him, and will be glad of their publication, even though he (M. D.) "should consider them libellous." The following, as a first instalment in reply to this request, may not be without interest: "LE PERE PETRES. L'homme de grande entreprise et de peu de succez. Si je passe partout pour un mal avisé, N'ayant peu convertir l'Angleterre et l'Ecosse, Mon Galles supposé causera du divorse, Et je seray par là un jour canonisé." These lines are to be found, with a highly satirical, but probably not unfaithful, portrait of Father Petre, in the engraved book entitled Les Héros de la Ligue, ou la Procession Monacale, conduitte par Louis XIV., pour la Conversion des Protestans de son Royaume. Large 8vo., "à Paris, chez Père Peters, à l'Enseigne de Louis le Grand, 1691." I may be allowed to offer a Note and put a Query respecting this volume, Les Héros de la Ligue. It contains twenty-four most spirited and elaborately studied portraits (sometimes caricatures) of the leading personages who took a part in the Protestant persecutions of the day, including the bigots who promoted the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Amongst others figure Louis XIV., Père la Chaise, James II., William de Furstemberg, the Archbishops of Rheims and Paris, the Chancellor le Tellier, Louvois, Brufflers the General of the Dragonnade, &c. &c., down to "Madame de Maintenon, veuve de Scarron," all dressed in appropriate costume, cowl and gown. Each name has its epithet and stanza, and the only additional words of the book are contained in the following verses, engraved at the last page: "SONNET. Réponse des Refugiez aux Persécuteurs. Infames courtisans, lâches persécuteurs; Ne triomphez pas tant de vôtre politique: DIEU confondra un jour vôtre conseil inique, Et vous envoira tous au rang des déserteurs. Des Edits de Louis soyez exécuteurs, Pour nous calomnier mettez tout en pratique : Faites valoir ainsi Satan et sa boutique, Puis qu'aussi bien que lui vous estes des menteurs. Les demons se riront de toutes vos menées. DIEU, qui change souvent le cours des destinées, Pourroit par sa bonté nous donner du retour. Nôtre ORANGE est icy, vous sçavez sa coutume; JACQUE a desja senti qu'elle est son amertume, Et Louis pourroit bien en gouster à son tour." This sonnet is evidently the production of no ordinary pen or pens. The epigrammatic wit of some other stanzas in the volume is also worthy of notice. The length of this communication will only admit of one example being quoted, viz. the rhymes after the portrait of "Beaumier, Avocat du Roy à la Rochelle. Persécuteur perpetuel." Qu'on ne nous porte point d'envie. Si l'on me voit icy placé : Si la mort ne m'eust dévancé, Je n'aurois pas laissé un huguenot en vie.” The bibliographical information which I can gather respecting the work is very scanty. As to former value of the volume, Peignot observes that a copy was sold for eighty-eight livres at the Duke de la Vallière's sale. So interesting and curious a volume must have had a secret history worthy of some notice. Query, if the readers of "N. & Q." can communicate anything respecting it, will they be so obliging as to do so? And it would be desirable to ascertain whether it was printed in France, England, or elsewhere? To what author or authors can it be attributed, and were efforts made to suppress it? And as a Query of minor importance, will any of your readers who may happen to have a copy, be good enough to say whether it is apparently of the same impression as mine, URSULA will find the chronology of St. Christopher's in F. W. N. Bayley's Four Years' Residence in the West Indies, published in London by Wm. Kidd in 1832, pp. 669. 680. May I be permitted to call URSULA's attention to the following extracts from this chronological table, important as serving to settle the question which has arisen between us with reference to the government of St. Christopher's in 1662. It would now appear that URSULA and myself were induced to draw an erroneous conclusion, from giving too much credence to our different authorities. St. Christopher's, at the period referred to, was jointly held by the English and French colonists, who had their respective governors. A fig-tree was also the "boundary mark" of their separate possessions. Therefore, King Charles II. did not enjoy the sovereignty of the island, as URSULA supposed; neither could the Knights of Malta, as I have written. "1637. English population of the island estimated at between 12,000 and 13,000 souls. 1639. By the consent of the French and English governors, a proclamation was issued forbidding the cultivation of tobacco for eighteen months. 1652. Sir George Ascue on the part of the Protector arrives off this island; the English of St. Kitts submit without opposition to the authority of Cromwell. 1655. Regular articles respecting the division of lands in St. Kitts, and the various rights and privileges of the English and French inhabitants, were drawn up and signed by the governors on behalf of their respective populations." I am unable to inform URSULA who was the English Governor of St. Kitts in 1662; but in 1666, Colonel Wats held that situation, and was killed in an action, as was De Sales, the French governor, shortly after information had reached the island that war had been declared between England and France. W. W. The island of St. Christopher's, at the period referred to, was held by the English and Knights of Malta, and not by the English and French, as MR. BREEN has supposed. The Order of St. John of Jerusalem held a proprietary rule over the island of St. Kitts, as they did over the other islands which MR. BREEN has named. Of this he does not appear to have been aware when his note now before me was written. MR. BREEN remarks that the partition of the island took place in 1627. Bayley, in his Chronology of St. Christopher's, states it to have been two years previously, that is, in 1625: "In 1623, Mr. Thomas Warner arrived at St. Christopher's from Virginia, and found three Frenchmen. In 1625, M. D'Enambuc, with some of his countrymen, arrives from Dieppe, and determines to establish a colony with the English in St. Kitts. In 1625, island, and project a division of lands." D'Enambue and Warner agree together to inhabit the Lastly, MR. BREEN has stated that the partition of St. Christopher's continued till the peace at Utrecht in 1713. To this I would add not uninterruptedly, as during the period which transpired between 1625 and 1713, the French had been once expelled from the island by the English, and the English twice by the French. If not trespassing too much on the space of "N. & Q.," and may be on the patience of its readers, I hope I excused for taking this last quotation from Mr. Bayley's chronological table: "1666. In a war between the English and French, the former were completely routed. The French gaining sole possession, the English were either sent off the island, or left of their own accord. 1667. The English made an unsuccessful attack on St. Kitts. 1669. In consequence of the Revolution in England in 1668, the French declaring themselves in favour of James, attacked the English, and expelled them from the island. 1702. War declared between England and France. English fleet arrives off St. Kitts, and Count de Gennes, governor of the remaining French lands, surrenders all to the English. The French are sent off the island." Garrison Library, Malta. SIR ABRAHAM SHIPMAN. (Vol. vi., p. 360.) W. W. P. C. S. S. begs leave to remind TEWARS that, on consulting either the Modern Universal History, or Harris's Collection of Voyages, he will find that Sir Abraham Shipman was the commodore of a naval force of five ships, which, after the marriage of Charles II. to Catharine of Braganza, was despatched to Bombay, to require the transfer of that settlement to England, according to the terms of the marriage treaty. James Ley, Earl of Marlborough, commanded the expedition, which arrived at Bombay in September, 1663. The Portuguese governor, incited by the bigotry of the clergy, refused to surrender the island to a government and nation of heretics. Lord Marlborough therefore, in January, 1664, returned to England with two ships of war, leaving Sir Abraham Shipman in command of the rest, who wintered and remained, from April to October, in a desolate and unhealthy island called Anjadiva, where he lost a great part of his crews. He then returned to Bombay, where in the interval more pacific councils had prevailed, and it was agreed that the place should be handed over to the English. While the treaty was being negociated, Sir Abraham Shipman died. He had been named in the King's commission to be governor; and on his death was succeeded by Mr. Humphrey Cooke, whose name stood next to his in that instrument, and of whose maladministration so many painful stories are recorded. From the MS. additions to Dugdale (preserved in the Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. ii. p. 209.), it appears that Sir Abraham Shipman married Marie, fifth daughter of Montagu, afterwards Earl of Lindsay, and widow of John Hewett, D.D., who suffered death for his loyalty to Charles I. in 1648. TEWARS makes inquiry respecting a William Cockayne. P. C. S. S. cannot precisely determine what relation he was to the lord mayor of that name in 1619; but it may in some degree account for the mention of Sir Abraham Shipman as a co-legatee with Cockayne, that Montague Lord Lindsay, Sir Abraham's brother-in-law, married to his first wife Martha, daughter of Sir William Cockayne, and widow of (Ramsay) Earl of Holdernesse. Vide Collectanea, ut supra. P. C. S. S. As a contribution to the information respecting Sir Abraham Shipman, I may mention that Captain Abraham Shipman was sent to Edinburgh with reinforcements for the garrison of the Castle in January 1639-40. A letter, of which he was the bearer, from the King to the governor of the castle (Lord Ettrick, afterwards Earl of Ruthven), is in the Bodleian MSS., Rawlinson, A. cxlviii. f. 15.; and copies of instructions sent to him from Sir F. Windebanke are in the same volume. New College. FORMYL. (Vol. vi., p. 361.) W. D. MACRAY. Formyl is the radical of a series of organic chemical compounds, in the same manner as acetyl forms the basis of a series, and ethyl, of a kindred series, the latter including, as compounds, ether, alcohol, &c. These names (ethyl, acetyl, formyl, &c.) are for the most part theoretical stepping-stones (so to speak), and constitute important links in the elucidation of results belonging to this section of chemistry. Formic acid (one of the compounds of the formyl series) is related in its constitution to wood spirit, thus illustrating the true connexion subsisting between animal and vegetable chemistry, until of late deemed entirely separate. Formic acid was first distinguished as a particular acid by Gehlen, who found it in red ants (Formica rufa), and first formed artificially by Döbereiner. With the exact date of the discovery I am unacquainted: it is probably within the last fifteen years, during which period the labours of Baron Liebig and other scientific chemists have been successfully directed to this difficult and heretofore imperfectly understood branch of chemical science. Formyl, as I have already stated, is the radical (probably hypothetical) of a series. Its symbolic formula is as follows: viz. Formyle is the hypothetical radical of formic acid. In the red ant (Formica rufa) formic acid was first discovered, and hence its name. "Gehlen pointed it out as a peculiar acid, and it was afterwards first artificially prepared by Döbereiner. "Chemists have now devised a variety of processes, by which formic acid may be obtained from starch, sugar, and indeed most other vegetable substances. "A series of chlorides of formyle are produced when chlorine and the hypochlorites are brought to act on the chloride, oxyde, and hydrated oxyde of methyle (pyroxylic or wood spirit). procured from substances which do not contain formyle "In the same way as formic acid may be artificially ready formed, so also are the chlorides of this radical capable of being procured from substances which do not originally contain it. "Chloroform, chloro-formyle, or the perchloride of formyle, may be made and obtained artificially by various processes; as by making milk of lime, or an aqueous solution of caustic alkali, act upon chloral-by distilling alcohol, pyroxylic spirit, or acetone, with I would refer your correspondent, who seeks for information as to this most curious and interesting case, to the report of the trial (State Trials, 8vo. edit., vol. xiv. p. 1199.); the article on the Darien expedition, and the trial of Captain Green, in Mr. Burton's Criminal Trials in Scotland (1852, 8vo., vol. i. pp. 157-291.), which enters fully into the particulars, and to the various publications at the time, of which I have the following: 1. Remarks upon the Trial of Captain Thomas Green and his Crew: London, 1705, folio, p. 16. 2. The Last Speeches and Dying Words of Captain Thomas Green, Commander of the Ship Worcester, and of Captain John Madder, Chief Mate of the said Ship, who was executed near Leith, April 11, 1705, folio broadside. 3. Observations on the Tryal of Captain Green, and the Speech at his Death, folio, p. 2.: London, 1705. 4. The Innocency of Captain Green and his Crew vindicated from the Murder of Captain Drummond: London, 1705, folio broadside. 5. A Scot's Proclamation relating to the late Execution of Captain Green: London, 1705, folio broadside. 6. An English Ointment for the Scotch Mange, or a short Memorandum of the Scots' Cruelty to Captain Thomas Green, &c.: London, printed by B. Bragg, N.D., folio, p. 2. 7. An Elegy on the much-lamented Death of Captain Thomas Green: London, 1705, folio broadside. The following epitaph is subjoined to the elegy: "Reader! within this silent vault An English Captain lies, A ship well freighted is a crime 8. A Trip to Scotland, with a True Character of the Country and People; to which are added, several Remarks on the late Barbarous Execution of Captain Green, Mr. Madder, Mr. Simpson, and several others, with an Elegy on their unmerited Deaths: London, printed and sold by Malthus, 1705, fol. p. 13. Defoe, in his review (vol. ii. p. 90.), discusses the case with great moderation and good sense; and appears to have been the author of the Observations on the Tryal (No. 3.), as the same views are amplified and enforced in his peculiar style in that publication. JAS. CROSSLEY. PHOTOGRAPHY APPLIED TO ARCHEOLOGY, ETC. (Vol. vi., p. 373.) DR. DIAMOND having now concluded his account of the collodion process, and intending, as I understand you, obligingly to follow it up with answers to such correspondents as may not have perfectly understood his descriptions, will you allow me to add to the few Queries I have already submitted to you, two or three others suggested by the paper of the 16th instant, so that the Doctor, if he would be kind enough so to do, might make a clean breast of it at once? 1. After having produced an effective negative by the use of the bichloride of mercury and hyposulphite of soda, is the hyposulphite of soda to be washed off? 2. Is the silvered paper to be immersed in (plunged into) the iodide of potassium, or only floated upon it? 3. Does DR. DIAMOND " change the water and repeat the soaking," as he says some others recommend? 4. After the application of the aceto-nitrate, is the paper to be applied to the face of the collodion picture while still wet? Will it not destroy the negative, although varnished? 5. In the process of immersion in the solution of muriate of ammonia, may several sheets be placed in the same bath one upon the other? 6. When printing by the second or ammonionitrate process, there is no yellow iodide to guide the operator as to the time of immersion in the hypo. necessary to fix the picture; supposing the picture to have attained quickly in the hypo. the tint desired, is mere saturation of the paper sufficient to fix the picture permanently, or is there any other guide? This is a very important consideration. I. W. REPLIES TO QUERIES. 1. Certainly, most thoroughly. 2. Some operators prefer the one mode, some the other. DR. DIAMOND, after having performed innumerable experiments on iodized papers, is of opinion that a more certain and more agreea1 |