Scotland, and to have been once, if not twice, married in that country. The date of her emigration was also stated. Unfortunately, I did not make any memorandum of the particulars, as I took it for granted that the obituary notice would have been copied into the English and Scotch papers, and its correctness investigated. Strange to say, it seems to have escaped the caterers for the English newspapers, although the death of a person said to be about 103, which occurred about the same time," went the rounds." Reference to a file of American papers for March last, would, I dare say, enable any person interested in the matter to make the necessary inquiries. I believe that accurate registries have been kept in Scotland from a much earlier period than that of this lady's alleged birth. E. H. D. D. At Barton, a village not far from Richmond in Yorkshire, is a monument in memory_of_Margaret (Hebburne), first the wife of R. Dodsworth, Esq., and then of Col. H. Chaytor. She saw three centuries, being born in 1598 and dying in 1704. I am indebted for this notice to Longstaffe's Richmondshire, an exceedingly welldigested book, which, by the way, contains some weather rhymes and sayings with regard to places to which I would invite a reference. COWGILL.

Sex of the Moon and Sun (Vol. v., p. 468.; Vol. vi., p. 61.). Are your correspondents aware that the Moon was formerly considered to be of the masculine gender, and the Sun of the feminine? Such, however, was the case in all the ancient Teutonic languages, as it was in the old Norse. In the Völu-spá it is said:

"But the Sun had not yet learned to trace

The path that conducts to her dwelling place: To the Moon arrived not was the hour When he should exert his mystic pow'r : Nor to the Stars was the knowledge given, To marshal their ranks o'er the fields of heaven." In the Prose Edda, also, it is stated, that "there was formerly a man named Mundilfari, who had two children, so lovely and graceful, that he called the male Máni (Sw. măne, Dan. maane, Maso-Goth. ména, Alemann. múno), and the female Sól, who was espoused to a man named Glenur." These two children the gods "placed in the heavens, and let Sól drive the horses that draw the car of

the Sun, whilst Máni was set to guide the Moon in his course, and regulate his increasing and waning aspect."

There is a curious note on this subject by Sharon Turner (Hist. Ang. Sax., edit. 1823, vol. i. p. 213.), in which it is shown that the same peculiarity existed in Arabia, Hindustan, amongst the ribbees, and elsewhere, as well as with our own lo-Saxon progenitors, of whose usage in this et he cites examples from Cotton MSS.,

Tib. A. iii. p. 63. Nor did it cease with them, at least as to the Sun, for in The Vision of Pierce Ploughman (Pass. XVIII. fol. c. b. edit. 1550) we read:

"And lo how the sunne gan lacke her light in herselfe When she see Him suffer," &c.

Grimm (Deut. Mythol. p. 664.) tells us that, in some parts of Germany, people were wont to speak of "Frau Sonne" and "Herr Mond," and he quotes the popular saying, "Frau Sonne geht zu rast und gnaden." He also remarks that, at Salzach, "Hér Mán" is in everybody's mouth when referring to the Moon.

COWGILL.

The Royal "We" (Vol. v., p. 489.; Vol. vi., p. 61.).—Sir Edward Coke is wrong; not King John, but Richard Coeur de Lion, was the first of the following example proves: our monarchs who adopted this imperial style, as

"RICARDUS Dei Gratia Rex Anglie, Dux Normanie, Aquitanie, Comes Andegavie, Archiepiscopis, &c. Salutem. Sciatis nos concessisse civibus nostris Norwicensibus, &c. CONCESSIMUS etiam eis, &c. Quare

VOLUMUS et firmiter PRECIPIMUS, &c. Data apud Potesmutam, per manus W. de Longo-campo, Elyen. nostri anno Quinto," i. e. 5th May, 1193. Episcopi, Cancellarii nostri, quinto Die Maii, Regni

Henry II., in his charter to the city, ann. 1182, uses the form, "Sciatis me concessisse. Quare volo et firmiter precipio," &c. See Blomefield's History of Norwich, fol. 1741, pp. 24. 26.

Coke was Recorder of Norwich, and it is strange that he should have made this mistake, as the above-recited charter, the original of which is still in a perfect state, must, one would suppose, have COWGILL come under his notice.

Etymology of Sycophant (Vol. vi., p. 151.).— The etymology you quote from Brande is the common one, and supported by old authorities; but it agrees very ill with either of the meanings have never met the word in any other sense than assigned to the word calumniator or flatterer. I of holy things, may not sycophant be a speaker of a mean flatterer. As hierophant is an announcer words sweet and luscious as figs? As we say sugared words, honied tongue, an Athenian might say a sycophant.

C.

Blindman's Holiday (Vol. v., p. 587.).—W.H.C. has inquired respecting this expression. Lord Bolingbroke used to say that on any important point he always liked to "consult a sensible woman," and one may do so with advantage on almost any affair. I therefore asked a lady what she thought about "Blindman's Holiday," and I think she has given the clue to the origin of the expression. She told me that in early life she remembered well a dependent female relative, that was an inmate of her father's house, but who could

scarcely ever be got to make herself useful with the needlework of the family, on the plea that her eyesight was bad, though it was noticed that on particular occasions she could see keenly enough. The children, therefore, used to say that aunty pretended blindness that she might always keep holiday, and do no work. Now the blind from their infirmity are of course in general exempted from labour, and in this view always keep holiday; and when the twilight hour comes, when those that can work, or read, &c., can no longer see to do so, it is Blindman's Holiday to them, and they of necessity rest accordingly. AMBROSE FLORENCE.

Travelling Expenses at the Close of the Seventeenth Century. Coaches (Vol. vi., pp. 51. 98.).-The statement given under the former title is manifestly absurd; it is either some egregious blunder, or a hoax on your contributor. The following extract from Chamberlayne's State of England for 1692 (and I believe the same account is given in earlier editions, but 1692 is the earliest I have at hand) gives an official statement of the expense and mode of travelling in those days, by those who did not travel with their own horses, and will show that stage coaches were of a much earlier date than is assigned to them in W. H. C.'s article on "Coaches," in your No. 144., p. 98. :

"Moreover, if any gentleman desire to ride post to any principal town in England, post-horses are always in readiness (taking no horse without the consent of his owner), which in other kings' reigns was not duly observed; and only 3d. is demanded for every English mile, and for every stage to the post-boy 4d. for conducting. Besides this excellent convenience of conveying letters and men on horse-back, there is of late such an admirable commodiousness, both for men and women of better rank, to travel from London to almost any town of England, and to almost all the villages near this great city, that the like has not been known in the world, and that is by stage coaches, wherein one may be transported to any place, sheltered from foul weather and foul ways, free from endamaging one's health or body by hard jogging or over-violent motion; and this not only at a low price, as about a shilling for every five miles, but with velocity and speed, as that the posts in some foreign countries make not more miles in a day; for the stage-coaches called 'Flying-coaches' make forty or fifty miles in a day; as from London to Oxford or Cambridge, and that in the space of twelve hours, not counting the time for dining, setting forth not too early nor coming in too late.”. Chamberlayne's Present State, 1692, Part ii. p. 206. And I find this same notice continued in all the editions of the work down to 1748, the last I happen to have. The later editions add, that these coaches now perform sometimes 70, 80, or 100 miles, to Southampton, Bury, Cirencester, and Norwich."

66

C.

Balnea, vina, Venus" (Vol. vi., p. 74.). - In reply to R. F. L. I beg to say that Martial is the

66

Bitter Beer (Vol. vi., p. 72.).—I find in Parkhurst's Heb. Lex., sub voce, St. Jerome, Epist. ad Nepotianum, quoted as saying, that in Hebrew any intoxicating liquor is called sicera, whether made of corn, the juice of apples, honey, dates, or any other fruit." It is clear, therefore, that sicera does occasionally mean beer, and it is in Scripture set generally in opposition to wine. Can it be shown ever to mean alcohol? In my former Note these references were not given :

"Lupo salictario Germani."

Plinii Hist. Nat., xxi. 15. And the quotation from Herodotus, Euterpe, 77. Also, for confectum read confectam. W. FRASER.

Salt Box (Vol. vi., p. 54.—J. WN. will find the dissertation he alludes to in the Museum, p. 26., published March 31, 1838, under the head "Metaphysics." Porson has the credit of the production as a specimen of college examination.

Bolt Court, Fleet Street.

J. EBFF.

Author of the "Gradus" (Vol. vi., p. 128.).—Allow me to suggest to your correspondent that most probably the Gradus ad Parnassum was a compilation undertaken by many, possibly with one superintendent, by order of the Jesuits. The earlier editions

of this work are remarkable for the peculiar epithets, &c. attached to particular words, for the purpose, it would seem, of instilling their opinions into the minds of the younger students. The words, for instance, Hæresis, Papa, may show this. The first is described as "Impia, scelerata, exitiosa, horrida, detestanda, insana, mendax," &c. Papa, on the other hand, is "Sanctus, venerandus; cui summa potestas terrarum cœlique data est; cujus vestigia adorat Cæsar, et auro vestiti murice Reges; sceptra vicesque Dei gerens; qui regna infera Ditis, cœlorumque fores aperit et claudit."

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

C. I. R.

Every day furnishes additional proof how a taste for archæological studies is spreading on every side, and that the example set by the Archæological Societies of London is being zealously and successfully imitated throughout the country. We have now before us two volumes, in which are recorded the Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archæological and Natural History Society, during the years 1849, 1850, and 1851; and two volumes more creditable to the several parties engaged in their production could hardly be desired. The papers are well considered, and for the most part appropriate that is to say, touching rather on the specialties of Somersetshire, than on points of more general interest; and the illustrations are executed in a way to put to shame many which have been issued to the world by societies having greater means, and putting forth greater claims, than the Somersetshire Archæological and Natural History Society.

While on the subject of such societies we may announce that an Archæological Society for the county of Surrey is in the course of formation, and that gentlemen desirous of joining it, or promoting its objects, are invited to communicate with the Honorary Secretary, Mr. Webb, 1. St. James' Square, Notting Hill.

Postulates and Data―of which we have eleven numbers now before us-is a new weekly periodical which may lay claim to the character of thorough novelty, for each number contains only three or four articles; and these are as varied as can well be imagined, an attack on the Admiralty boroughs and on the mismanagement of Admiralty contracts being found side by side with a Dissertation On the Seventy Weeks of Daniel and Annotationes Critica in Platonem. It is certainly a literary curiosity; and though the price at which it is published must prevent its ever attaining a wide circulation, Postulates and Data will probably find a good many admirers among those who share the opinions it advocates, and who are able to appreciate the scholarship displayed in its pages.

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V. ARTISTIC AND INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIONS.

VI. THE BREHON LAW COMMISSION.

The "IRISH QUARTERLY REVIEW," published 1st of March, June, September, and December, price Two Shillings and Sixpence (Subscription, 10s. per Annum; or by Post, 12. is principally devoted to the consideration of topies connected with the Social Improvement, Education, and Amelioration of Ireland. Important publications on these questions are fully noticed in its pages, and particular atten tion is given to works treating of the Industrial Resources, Fine Arts, Archæology, History, and Literature of Ireland. A department is also allocated to the Review of current English and Foreign Literature, and to the consideration of subjects of general interest and importance.

The

The papers on Irish History, Literature, and Archæology already published are as follows: -"The Historie Literature of Ireland," a review of all the works issued by the Irish Arch ological Society, together with ample notices of the contents of the more important unpublished Hiberno-Celtic manuscripts, exhibiting the progress and present state of historic inves tigation in Ireland. "The Celtic Records of Ireland," an analysis of Dr. O'Donovan's edition of the " Annals of the Four Masters," in seven volumes quarto; containing a resume of Irish History from the earliest period to the year 1616. An Essay on the printed and unpublished materials for Irish Ecclesiastical His tory. "Irish Historical Literature," an account of the Celtic Society and its publications. The "Survey of Ireland A.D. 1655-6," a review of Major Larcom's Edition of Sir William Petty's autobiographical work. "The Brehon Law Commission," a notice of the ancient legal in stitutes of Ireland, and of the measures adopted by Government for their publication. Streets of Dublin," a series of papers on the local History of the Irish metropolis, containing information not elsewhere accessible relative to eminent Statesmen, Authors, Phys cians, Artists, Actors, Musical Composers, Tpographers, and other celebrities connected with Dublin; together with sketches of the state of society and manners in the city before the Union. A series of Memoirs of distinguished Irish Writers has also been commenced, and amongst the Biographies already published are those of Sheil, the Edgeworths, Maturin, Moore, and Maginn. Un Art and Art Literature the following have appeared: "Modern Water Colour Painting," Pre-Raphaelitism." "Irish Art, Artists, and Art Unions," "Artistic and Industrial Exhibitions." Among the miscel laneous papers are the following: "Transst lantic Communication," "Social Condition of Great Britain and Ireland," "Curran and his Cotemporaries," "The Queen's Colleges and Education in Ireland," "Condition and Prospects of the Irish Bar," "The Land Question in Ireland," Government patronage of Irishmen the Irish Poor Law," English rule in Ame rica, D'Israeli's Memoir of Bentinck," Poets of the past half century," Modern French Novels, Jeffrey and the Edinburgh Review, Austrian rule in Italy and Hungary, Mitford's "Literary Recollections," Haliburton's "American Humour," &c. &c.

No. VIII. will appear on the 1st December.
Dublin: W. B. KELLY, 8. Grafton Street.
London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.
Edinburgh: OLIVER & BOYD.