The Origins of Order: Self-organization and Selection in Evolution

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Oxford University Press, 1993 - 709 pagini
Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of self-organization: the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems, contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.
 

Cuprins

Conceptual Outline of Current Evolutionary Theory
3
ENLARGING THE FRAMEWORK
16
SUMMARY
25
Adaptation to the Edge of Chaos
27
The Structure of Rugged Fitness Landscapes
33
SelfOrganization and Selection
34
FITNESS LANDSCAPES IN SEQUENCE SPACE
36
THE NK MODEL OF RUGGED FITNESS LANDSCAPES
40
BEDIANS PARADIGM FOR THE ONSET OF CODING
364
SUMMARY
366
Random Grammars Models of Functional Integration and Transformation
369
TOWARD A NEW STRING THEORY
372
APPROACHES TO STUDYING FAMILIES OF MAPPINGS OF STRINGS INTO STRINGS
377
APPLICATIONS TO BIOLOGICAL NEURAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
387
SUMMARY
402
Order and Ontogeny
405

SUMMARY
66
Biological Implications of Rugged Fitness Landscapes
69
PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS OF RUGGED LANDSCAPES
70
ON RUGGED FITNESS LANDSCAPES
95
SUMMARY
117
The Structure of Adaptive Landscapes Underlying Protein Evolution
121
ADAPTIVE MATURATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
122
EVOLUTION OF NOVEL CATALYTIC FUNCTIONS
142
DIRECT EXPLORATION OF DNA RNA AND PROTEIN SEQUENCE SPACES
156
SUMMARY
171
SelfOrganization and Adaptation in Complex Systems
173
DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR ATTRACTORS
175
SPONTANEOUS ORDER AND CHAOS IN COMPLEX DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
181
ADAPTATION IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
209
SUMMARY
234
The Dynamics of Coevolving Systems
237
COEVOLUTION IN ECOSYSTEMS
242
COEVOLUTION TO THE EDGE OF CHAOS
255
COEVOLUTIONARY CONCLUSIONS
278
SUMMARY
279
The Crystallization of Life
283
The Origins of Life A New View
287
BACKGROUND OF THE ORIGIN OF LIFE PROBLEM
288
AUTOCATALYTIC SETS OF CATALYTIC POLYMERS
298
GROWTH ON THE INFINITE GRAPH OF POLYMERS AND THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR
312
EXPERIMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
337
SUMMARY
340
The Origin of a Connected Metabolism
343
CRYSTALLIZATION OF A CONNECTED METABOLISM AS A PERCOLATION PROBLEM
346
NEW EXPERIMENTS
354
SUMMARY
355
Hypercycles and Coding
357
The Architecture of Genetic Regulatory Circuits and Its Evolution
411
INDEPENDENCE OF THE MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY CLOCK AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
412
AN ENSEMBLE THEORY BASED ON RANDOM DIRECTED GRAPHS
419
SUMMARY
439
Differentiation The Dynamical Behaviors of Genetic Regulatory Networks
441
AND THE BOOLEAN IDEALIZATION
444
LARGESCALE FEATURES OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION
454
CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN BOOLEAN NETWORKS
462
GENERIC PROPERTIES
470
IMPLICATIONS FOR ONTOGENY
481
CELL TYPES AS A COMBINATORIAL EPIGENETIC CODE
507
SUMMARY
520
Selection for Cell Types
523
THE FRAMEWORK
524
GENOMIC NETWORK SPACE
525
EXPERIMENTAL AVENUES
533
SUMMARY
534
Morphology Maps and the Spatial Ordering of Integrated Tissues
537
INDUCTION AS A BASIC INTERCELLULAR CONVERSATION
540
DUPLICATION REGENERATION AND POSITIONAL CONTINUITY
549
TURING MODELS
566
COMPARTMENTAL AND SEGMENTAL PATTERNS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
577
PATTERN FORMATION IN THE EARLY DROSOPHILA EMBRYO
594
LONGITUDINAL DELETIONS AND MIRRORSYMMETRIC DUPLICATIONS
601
A BIFURCATION SEQUENCE OF HIGHER HARMONICS ON THE EGG
605
THE FOUR COLOR WHEELS MODEL OF POSITIONAL SPECIFICATION
614
TURING AND BEYOND
630
SUMMARY
641
Epilogue
643
Bibliography
647
Index
695
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Pagina 648 - In The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila (M. Ashburner and TRF Wright, eds.), vol 2B.

Despre autor (1993)

Biophysicist Stuart A. Kauffman works at the University of Pennsylvania and is assocated with a think tank at the Santa Fe Institute. Kauffman has written At Home in the Universe: The Search for Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity and The Origin of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution.

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