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English Classic Series, and contains two maps showing the heart of London in 1720, and nine full page illustrations which are very interesting as illustrative of the dress and manners of the time. The introduction sketches the writers of these papers, the club life of the time and its relation to these essays, and compares the Spectator and the Tattler. No extensive annotation is necessary; what is given is well chosen, brief, and useful. This edition contains the full series of the De Coverley papers.

-WaldnovelLEN, six tales by Rudolph Baumbach, edited by Dr. Wilhelm Bernhard (153 pp.; 35c), carries us into the Thuringian forests, whose very atmosphere we breathe in these vivid, simple, and charming tales.

-LA TULIPE NOIRE, par Alexandre Dumas, abridged and edited with notes by C. Fontaine (216 pp; 40c.), by its brisk dialogue, rapid action, and brief and brilliant descriptions, sweeps the reader along with unflagging interest from its beginning to its close. The story is not hurt by the cutting, which has shortened it about one quarter, and the French is so easy as to need few notes to help the learner. C. W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N. Y.

-AUTHORS' BIRTHDAYS, second series, by C. W. Bardeen (459 pp.; $1.00), deals with a dozen authors, Bayard Taylor, Lowell, Howells, Motley, Emerson, Saxe, Thoreau, Parkman, Cable, Aldrich, Joel Chandler Harris, and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. The biographical sketches are animated, interspersed with extracts and critical estimates, and generally excellent, and the book seems to us useful for general purposes as well as a preparation for authors' day exercises. Its interest is materially increased by the numerous and generally excellent medallion portraits of some forty writers which are introduced into the text.

-A DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSITY DEGREES, by Flavel S. Thomas (109 pp; $1.00), aims to tell what the different degrees mean and what attainments they indicate. How many there are is indicated by the size of this volume. Half the pages are left blank but the remainder multiplied by six, and we think this about the average to a page, will give upwards of three hundred. The author does not regard his work as complete, but it sufficiently indicates how large and varied an industry that of confering degrees is.

Silver, Burdette & Co.

-POETRY OF The Seasons, compiled by Mary I. Lovejoy, (336 pp.; 60c.) is a beautiful book in which one reads with delight and seems to feel in himself all the charms of the revolving year, as these delightful poems set them forth. Old favorites are here of course, from the well known authors, and many more from those less distinguished. The arrangement under the seasons from spring round to winter is well adapted to the cultivation of that feeling for nature which is one of the purest delights of life, and which the poets do the most to cultivate. The text illustrations are numerous and beautiful, and the four full-page pictures are especially attractive and appropriate. This is one of the best collections we know of for school and home.

-BRAIDED STRAWS, by Elizabeth E. Foulke, (135 pp.; 40c.) intertwines a score of tales and lyrics for children of ten or twelve years, wholesome, attractive, and delightfully told. The book is daintily put up and finely illustrated. Young readers will delight in it as soon as they get their hands on it.

E. L. Kellogg & Co., N. Y.

-THREE STUDIES IN EDUCATION, by Edward R. Shaw, (31 pp.; 25c.) is a small but interesting pamphlet. The author is dean of the school of pedagogy at the University of New York. In the first of the three studies he has subjected to tests different methods of teaching spelling, and reaches the conclusion that not the written exercise, but the oral one of pronouncing each letter and each syllable is the most effective and shortest way of teaching to spell. The second paper treats of English composition for elementary schools, and the third of the value of the motor activities in education.

-PRIMARY AND INTERMEDIATE LESSONS ON THE HUMAN BODY, by Mrs. Ella B. Hallock, (194 pp.; 75c.) follows new lines in this field, and we believe valuable ones. The sub

ject is here correlated with nature study in such a way as to teach the pupil to observe and reflect for himself. The book is a teacher's manual, it tells how to proceed, and where to get information, and gives helps for the work. The author is lecturer on physiology and hygiene before the Massachusetts teachers' institutes, and the book is the outcome of her efforts to teach teachers how to make this work more significant and useful in the lower grades. Miscellaneous.

--FOUR AMERICAN NAVAL HEROES, a book for young Americans, by Mabel Berton Beebe (Werner School Book Co.; 254 pp.; 50c.), sketches the careers of Paul Jones, Oliver H. Perry, David G. Farragut, and George Dewey. How these sketches are conceived in a large way will be shown by some of the chapter headings under the last subject: Causes of the War with Spain; the Battle of Manilla; the Life of Dewey; the American Navy in Cuban Waters; the Cruise of the Oregon; Lieutenant Hobson and the Merrimac; the Destruction of Cervera's Fleet; the End of the War. The narratives are stirring and sure to hold the interest of young readers.

-The American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, has issued a second edition of Prof. Edmund J. James' admirable address on THE PLACE OF THE POLITI CAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN MODERN EDUCATION (paper, 25c.).

-We are indebted to State Superintendent W. W. Stet son, of Maine, for a copy of his last ANNUAL REPORT, which presents a vigorous discussion of educational condi tions and needs in that state.

-A GERMAN READER, edited with notes and a vocabulary, by T. Waterman Hewett (422 pp.; $1.00), gathers into a single volume a sufficient supply of reading matter to prepare the student for taking up the classic authors. This matter is arranged so that difficulties and complexities gradually present themselves. Some sixty pages of elementary selections are followed by thirty pages of poetry, the simple and easy verse in which German literature is so rich. Then follow a half dozen historical selections, and complete pieces, two in prose, Auf der Eisenbahn and Immensee, and two dramas, one by Benedix, and one by Zechmeister. There are good and sufficient notes and a vocabulary. (The Macmillan Co.).

-ALGEBRA FOR SCHOOLS, by George W. Evans (433 pp.: $1.12), has made an effort to preserve the pupil from the besetting sin of conceiving algebraic operations as a species of legerdemain," says the preface. Making practical problems the point of departure is the author's method. Some of the characteristics of the book are carefully classified problems, insistance upon a scheduled explanation of steps in the reduction of equations, the thoro study of literal equations, the prominence of factoring and the treatment of completing the square as a method of factoring. Henry Holt & Co.).

LITERARY ITEMS.

-Besides a collection of a number of papers read at the Association of colleges and preparatory schools of the southern states, the March number of The School Review contains a most excellent article on Decentralizing tendencies in the French system of education, which exhibits effectively the remarkable advances which France is mak ing under a republican government.

-Those interested in current history will find the Review of Reviews always valuable. The March issue contained a sketch of Maj. Gen. Otis; Philippine types and characteristics; The native population of the Philippines by a Philippo; A sketch of Pres. Faure; The condition of Porto Rico; Some young Cuban leaders in Cuban reconstruction; Characteristics and possibilities of middle western litera ture, etc. These articles and others are finely illustrated with portraits, maps and views. "The progress of the World" is always a vigorous discussion of the main topics of the month, and the "Leading articles of the month" keeps one informed as to the chief phases of opinion. In fact the monthly is unique in plan, and no others can render it unnecessary.

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[MILLET'S WORLD-FAMOUS PAINTING.]
Bowed by the weight of centuries he leans
Upon his hoe and gazes on the ground,
The emptiness of ages in his face,

And on his back the burden of the world.
Who made him dead to rapture and despair,
A thing that grieves not and that never hopes,
Stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox?

Who loosened and let down this brutal jaw?

Whose was the hand that slanted back his brow?
Whose breath blew out the light within his brain?

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More filled with signs and portents for the soul

More fraught with menace to the universe.

What gulfs between him and the seraphim!

Slave of the wheel of labor, what to him

Are Plato and the swing of Pleiades?

What the long reaches of the peaks of song,
The rift of dawn, the reddening of the rose?

Through this dread shape the suffering ages look;
Time's tragedy is in that aching stoop;

Through this dread shape humanity betrayed,
Plundered, profaned, and disinherited,
Cries protest to the Judges of the World,

A protest that is also prophecy.

O masters, lords, and rulers in all lands,

Is this the handiwork you give to God,

This monstrous thing, distorted and soul-quenched?

How will you ever straighten up this shape;

Give back the upward looking and the light;

Rebuild in it the music and the dream;

Touch it again with immortality;
Make right the immemorial infamies,
Perfidious wrongs, immedicable woes?
O masters, lords, and rulers in all lands,
How will the Future reckon with this Man?
How answer his brute question in that hour
When whirlwinds of rebellion shake the world?
How will it be with kingdoms and with kings—
With those who shaped him to the thing he is-
When this dumb Terror shall reply to God,
After the silence of the centuries?

-Edward Markham.

No. 5

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The Albert Teachers' Agency

Central Music Hall Building, Chicago

FOURTEENTH YEAR. Largest and best known Agency in the West. Send for our new circulars and inform yourself as to what we are doing. C. J. ALBERT, Manager.

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Teachers' Agency

FRED DICK, Manager, Denver, Colo.

MILWAUKEE-DOWNER

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personally recommends. Grade and High School
teachers especially in demand for September vacan-
cies. Good salaries. Registration free until May 15.
Send for circulars.
ANNA M. THURSTON,
315 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill.

BETWEEN SEED TIME AND HARVEST

Is a good opportunity to enquire about farming lands in South Dakota, only one day's ride from Chicago. Bountiful crops of Wheat, Corn, Barley and Flax reward the tiller of the soil. As a stock and dairy country South Dakota leads all the world. First class farm lands with near by markets can now be bought for from $10, $12, $15, and upwards, per acre, and this is the time to invest. For further particulars write to Geo. H. Heafford, General Passenger Agent, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, Old Colony Building, Chicago, Ill.

CREAMERIES IN SOUTH DAKOTA.

During the past two years the creamery industry has grown from a small beginning until at the present time there are one hundred and ninteen (119) creameries and cheese factories scattered over the State, and all doing wells

Four times as many creemeries are needed in South Dakota, and farmers or dairymen desiring free list showing where creameries are now located, together with other information of value to live stock growers and farmers generally, will please address GEO. H. HEAFFORD, General Passenger Agent, C., M. & St P. R'y, Old Colony Bldg., Chicago Ill.

Journal of Education

Vol. XXIX.

MADISON, WIS., MAY, 1899.

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Two articles upon pupil government in schools in this number of the JOUREAL will not fail to awaken wide-spread interest, and we hope will lead to interesting practical results. That by Prin. J. T. Ray, of the John Crerar School, Chicago, touches upon the theory of the movement and the general principles underlying it; that by Prin. O'Hanlan, of Milwaukee, shows clearly how the plan may become a means of teaching quite young pupils the general principles and practice of municipal government. Doubtless other and perhaps more extended applications of the principles may be developed. It certainly marks a forward stride in school management where the absolute despotism of teachers with more or less secret opposition by the pupils, gives way to developing the pupils' responsibility and self-control and awakening him thereby

No. 4

to a knowledge of the forms and forces of popular government. We also call attention to

the article on an "Historical Entertainment" given by the Wausau schools, which certainly contains practical suggestions which may be widely useful to principals and teachers.

PHRASE-MAKING is a fine art, and Prof. Nicholas Murray Butler is attaining reputation in it by the action of his enemies. He wrote in the Educational Review for February: "That fine old educational mastodon, Commissioner Little, is Tammany's president of Tammany's new school board for the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. He is supported by two other representative antediluvians, Commissioners Livingston and Moriarty; but some of the other men named by Mayor Van Wyck belong to a higher and better order of citizenship." Commissioner Little took offense at this humorous characterization, and began an action for slander. Thus the vigorous and catching phrase came to the eyes of those who do not read the Review, and the humor of the situation tickled the public fancy. Other cities are discovering that they, too, have "fine old educational mastodons," and it seems probable that material of this sort for museums will soon be so plenty as to glut the market. It will be useful, however, to dig them out, not only in school boards but also in legislatures, and when the genus becomes well known it will affect the imagination of people much less powerfully than it does at present.

A THREATENED disruption of the organization of grade teachers in Chicago seems to have been overcome, and a disposition "to stick together for their own interests" prevails. The phrase we quote is from one of the leaders among them, who is also reported as saying, "We grade teachers are banded together not only for self-protection, but also for our intellectual advancement." It is indeed a hopeful sign of the times if grade teachers are beginning to assert themselves. They have been the most submissive of workers, apparently content to run in the traces prepared for them uniformly and exactly as their superiors prescribed. What the form of this "self-protection" is to be we must wait to see. Their action on the "Harper bill" seemed to show a

disposition to stand together to protect the "ins," good or bad, against all efforts to make changes. But this, perhaps, is a misinterpretation. There is a great future for grade teachers in the line of rational advancement, of trying to think their own thots, to see and solve their own problems, to assert their rights to be themselves, and to reach results in their own way. Deadness of tone will depart from the common schools when such rational independence can take the place of the routine submissiveness and unthinkingness which have hitherto characterized quite too generally our faithful but timid grade teachers.

PRESIDENT DRAPER emphasized, at the meeting of the Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, the mechanicalizing results of dark-lantern processes, -the "pull" in all its forms-in filling places in the public schools, so that "the teachers are tramping around in little pint cups, and the schools do little more than mark time in endless routine."

The result he foresees is that parents will patronize private schools more and more, schools where their children can make real progress, and thus the public schools will become schools of the poor alone. He suspects teachers' organizations "to protect themselves." "The effort is not so much for selfimprovement as to influence legislation and control the board of education and the superintendents. They know the weaknesses and the political ambitions of the members of the board of education, and play upon them, and with the unlimited powers of the board they are able to do it in ways which not only advance the interests of the politician teachers, but degrade all the rest and demoralize the whole system." Cities must find remedies for such management or expect the decline of the public schools. The remedy is a responsible head and advancement on the ground of merit alone. This is the dark side of the organizations of teachers and it is well to recognize

it fully.

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partments will be on hand to give the instruction. This is much more than has ever been attempted in this state before, and will doubtless lead to a greatly increased enrollment.

But what of the summer school and of its relations to the new departure! It will be remembered that this was started especially to aid the teachers of our high schools in attaining more thoro knowledge of the subjects which they teach, and better acquaintance with modern methods and doctrines. This implied in part instruction of college grade, and in part that which must be considered outside that grade. Under the new arrangement instruction of both kinds is furnished as heretofore. Those who enroll in the summer school will need no credentials for admission and no examinations at the close of the ses

sion, unless they desire credit in the university, which is not given except upon examination. They will be permitted to take any work offered in the greatly extended program Those who provided they are able to do it. desire college or graduate rank will of course be required to show their right to enter upon such work, as at any of the regular sessions of the university. Thus the summer school continues the work which it has been carrying on with practically a great extension in the range of studies offered for election. The courses in pedagogy offered are three, the history of education, technique of high school teaching, and school supervision. Miss Tanner will give three courses in drawing lasting six weeks; and gymnastic training will be provided for both men and women as last year. The circulars will probably be ready for distribution before this number of the JOURNAL goes to press.

THE SUPERVISING PRINCIPAL.

In our smaller cities and villages no better

This

scheme for securing something like expert advice and help in the direction of the public schools seems likely to prevail among us than that of providing supervising principals. In our larger cities also, the supervising principal has become a factor practically indispensable to the effective working of the system. unity of plan in large and small cities works for the general advantage in facilitating the movement upward of successful men, and providing a practical training for those whose ultimate work is to be that of a superintendent. Existing quasi-arrangements of this sort have come about without distinct planning and study, but from the pressure of circumstances, and therefore may be accepted as clearly indi

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