to establish their citizenship, and are consequently advised to procure passports.

Switzerland.

Every Swiss citizen is liable, under Swiss law, to military service from the beginning of the year in which he becomes twenty years of age until the end of the year when he becomes forty-four. Every Swiss of military age who does not perform military service is subject to an annual tax, whether he resides in the Confederation or not, or to punishment for nonpayment of the tax if he returns to Switzerland.

If a Swiss citizen renounces Swiss allegiance in the manner prescribed by the Swiss law of July 3, 1876, and his renunciation is accepted, his naturalization in another country is recognized, but without such acceptance it is not recognized, and is held to descend from generation to generation.

Before he returns to Switzerland an American citizen of Swiss origin should file with the cantonal authorities his written declaration of renunciation of his rights to communal, cantonal, and in general Swiss citizenship, with documents showing that he has obtained foreign citizenship for himself, wife, and minor children, and received the sealed document of release from Swiss citizenship through the direction of justice of the canton of his origin. If he neglects this, and is within the ages when military service may be required, he is liable to military tax, or to arrest and punishment in case of nonpayment of the tax.

There is no treaty between the United States and Switzerland defining the status of former Swiss citizens who have become naturalized as American citizens.

Passports are not required for admission to Switzerland, but are usually demanded from persons sojourning

in that country. They do not require to be visaed or indorsed to be valid.

Turkey.

The Turkish government denies the right of a subject of Turkey to become a citizen of any other country without the authority of the Turkish government. His naturalization is, therefore, regarded by Turkey as void with reference to himself and his children, and he is forbidden to return to Turkey.

The consent of the Turkish government to the naturalization in another country of a former subject of Turkey is given only upon condition that the applicant shall stipulate, either never to return, or, returning, to regard himself as a Turkish subject. Therefore, if a naturalized American citizen, formerly a subject of Turkey, returns to Turkey, he may expect arrest and imprisonment, or expulsion.

Jews are prohibited from colonizing in Turkish dominions.

There is no treaty between the United States and Turkey defining the status of naturalized Americans, formerly Turkish subjects, who return to Turkey.

Passports are required from all persons entering Turkish dominions (Egypt excepted), and persons who enter without passports are liable to fine or imprisonment. The passports should, if possible, be visaed by a Turkish consular officer in the United States.

APPENDIX.

Laws of the United States relating to Naturalization and Expatriation.

Naturalization Treaties to which the United States is a Party.

Executive Orders of April 6 and April 8, 1907, Amending the Instructions to Diplomatic Officers and the Consular Regulations, Relative to Expatriation, Citizenship, Naturalization, and Passports.

Naturalization Regulations Promulgated by the Department of Commerce and Labor.

List of Courts Authorized to Naturalize Aliens.

List of Foreign Countries and their Rulers.