be getting some new public or central water supplies and we will probably have legislation in 1961 providing for an expanded sanitary district.

Some day we expect to write a story on this, relating findings to soil conditions, depth, and age of wells, lot sizes, and other factors. In the meantime we refuse to believe that this area is so different from others, although little has been printed on this type of experience. The Governor has asked me to learn what I can about other parts of the country.

I know that many of you have information that would be helpful to us and I would greatly appreciate learning of any findings similar to this. I don't need any great detail but I have promised some information within a month.

Yours very truly,

F. L. WOODWARD,

Director, Division of Environmental Sanitation.

Yet under the stimulus of mortgage insurance for residence construction, the reluctance to risk long-term capital for utility financing often causes a hazardous timelag if not indefinite postponement of central water and sewer facilities installation.

Perhaps a broadening of the basic concepts of governmental activities presently involving insurance of housing development financing undertaken by private enterprise should be considered.

This would envision extension of the same mortgage insurance climate to embrace the needed development of water utilities (which must in the overall include sewage facilities for protection of the water resources, and the two having been held inseparable for finance purposes by Florida Supreme Court) for the very population in the area created through stimulus by dwelling mortgage insurance in the Government programs.

The situation which is requiring water utility development in areas outside municipal corporate limits involves not only quantity but also the quality of water resources. Present-day domestic water uses dictate a high quality product; and many of the residential developments are occurring in areas where raw water quality makes treatment work

necessary.

I might add in many areas where the present water quality is not suitable for domestic use, financing high first-cost treatment facilities is definitely a part of the recited need for further consideration of governmental activity in this phase of water supply for the population. Extent of the water supply for domestic uses in relation to these circumstances is shown in a measure through review of public water supply record data of Florida State Board of Health. Of the total number of engineering plans for waterworks and systems approved by the agency in the year 1958, there were 55.4 percent of this number for realty subdivisions, outside of incorporated limits. This is almost exactly the last 5-year average (55.6 percent) of the number of water facility projects which have been approved for realty subdivisions, out of the total number of waterworks projects approved in the State. Gentlemen, we all know that during the last hundred years we have been in the greatest industrial revolution of all time. Today we are entering into the new revolution which we are calling a technological revolution. Our technology is rapidly being changed, but while it has been reported in recent weeks that industry alone is spending $12 to $13 billion annually on research of new processes and products, while only $4 to $5 million a year are being devoted to researching the methods of controlling the waste products from these various industries, it has been carefully estimated that if our research institu

48186-60-pt. 17-3

tions could obtain merely 2 percent of the funds that are being spent on research for products and processes we could then keep up with the needed technological developments to adequately treat the waste of industry and protect the quality of our streams.

Summing up these brief observations, the Florida situation insofar as water resources are concerned shows the need for adequate planning and managing of its vast water resources so that the best and most equitable utilization may be made. The No. 1 priority should be given to water quality not only for domestic purposes but for industrial use, recreational, and all of the other basic uses. Public Law 660 should be expanded and strengthened for the incentive program of waste treatment works and also section 5 of this act should be extended, which runs out next year, and the provisions of $3 million each year as grants on a matching basis to the State water pollution control agency should be increased to $5 million.

Legal and financial methodology should be provided for assisting on a sound basis the development of adequate treatment facilities in suburban areas where the rapid growth at the present time is being felt most. This recommendation was made to the Congressman Rains Committee on Banking and Currency back in the early 1950's and is even more important today.

Adequate funds should be made available for the research necessary to develop the know-how of treating the waste products with all the new pollutants that are being evolved so that water quality may be maintained.

It is also the opinion of this agency that water quality management should be centralized at the Federal level in one agency most qualified to handle this matter, namely, the U.S. Public Health Service within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Thank you for the privilege of presenting this statement.
The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, sir.

Senator HOLLAND. May I ask you one question?

Mr. LEE. Yes, sir.

Senator HOLLAND. In your last sentence do you indicate that the present handling in the Federal-State level is not centralized?

Mr. LEE. Sometimes, Senator Holland, several agencies are dealing directly with cities and other agencies on water quality, low flow, etc. It does not come through the Public Health Service and it does not come through the State health department.

Senator HOLLAND. What are those Federal agencies?

Mr. LEE. The Department of Commerce deals directly with municipalities and other agencies and I am not sure about Interior but I think my recollection is it is on Interior. I believe the Corps of Engineers through their Interagency Committee in Washington does work through the Public Health Service on water quality.

There have been several times in the last 10 years that the health agencies have been out in left field, not knowing what is going on. believe this is strictly water quality and not anything else. Senator YOUNG. May I ask this question?

Do you have any State law governing the pumping of raw sewage in rivers and streams?

Mr. LEE. Yes, sir. Chapter 387 of the Florida law. No deleterious material may be deposited in the streams of water of the State of

Florida. That law was passed, I believe, in 1927. I do not know who was the father of it but he was certainly foresighted. It is one of the better State laws.

Senator YOUNG. Do you have a State program that gives assistance to the cities in developing?

Mr. LEE. No, we do not. We have no appropriation. As you have heard, several States do, but we do not. We have used this Publie Law 660 to a very fine advantage and it has been very effective in Florida.

The CHAIRMAN. Were you through?

Senator YoUNG. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. You indicated that you thought the amount of matching funds from the Federal Government should be increased. Is that on the basis of your experience in the number of applications you have?

Mr. LEE. Yes, sir, Senator.

The CHAIRMAN. Did you put into your statement-I was not here all of the time-the backlog of unmatched requests that have come to your office?

Mr. LEE. I did not put that into my statement. Every year since the inception of this program, Senator Kerr, Florida has averaged approximately $3 million worth of requests.

The CHAIRMAN. That is requests which would have called for $5 million of Federal funds?

Mr. LEE. Correct.

The CHAIRMAN. You have received on the average about $3 million? Mr. LEE. We have received on the average about $900,000 per year based on the appropriation of $45 million per year, from section 6, Public Law 660. I might add that for every Federal dollar that has been spent in Florida on this program there has been 9 to 10 local dollars.

The CHAIRMAN. Yes. At the bottom of page 6 of your report you say "and the provisions of $3 million each year as grants on a matching basis to the State water pollution control agency should be increased to $5 million."

Mr. LEE. That is the section 5 which is the program grant money to the water pollution control agency of which the State of Florida receives approximately $53,000. That comes to the water pollution agent. Florida receives $900,000 or $899,000 now on the construction grant which is section 6 of Public Law 660.

The CHAIRMAN. I see.

Senator HOLLAND. We have used that law very effectively, Senator. Thank you.

Senator HOLLAND. Mr. Chairman, I understand that Mr. Arthur N. Beck, the next witness, could not be here and that Mr. Lee has submitted the statement for him.

Mr. LEE. Yes, sir. He called me, Senator and said he could not. Senator HOLLAND. The next witness listed here is Mr. Gary E. Snow, president of the Florida Association of Soil Conservation District Supervisors.

Is Mr. Snow present?

STATEMENT OF GARY E. SNOW, PRESIDENT, FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF SOIL CONSERVATION DISTRICT SUPERVISORS

Mr. SNOW. I have a written statement that I just want to present, Senator.

We appreciate the opportunity to present our views at this hearing. We feel that the agriculture interests have an important place in the consideration of water resources for the future. It is not to be implied that this is a paramount role, but rather is a full partner with municipal, domestic, industrial, recreational, and the many other

uses.

It has been estimated that 87 percent of Florida's population depends on ground water for domestic use. In addition, large amounts are used by industry and for irrigation of vegetables, fruits, and other high value farm crops. This source is generally adequate at the present but, with our rapidly increasing population, we must look with concern to the year of 1980 and to 2000.

The problem of developing and using ground water is the responsibility of the State, and we are confident that we can cope with it.

We are limited by topography and geologic conditions in our ability to capture surface water for use by industry, municipalities, and agriculture. We will have to rely on our neighboring States to the north to store excess water and later release to maintain streamflow for multiuses by interests located on these streams entering the State of Florida. The U.S. Study Commission for the Southeast River Basin is getting its study underway. We are sure that its recommendations to the four involved States will be directed toward meeting the long range needs of the region. The carrying out of many of their recommendations, particularly on surface waters, should be a joint undertaking by Federal and State Governments.

We feel that the U.S. Study Commission's main recommendation will deal with the larger streams, dams, et cetera. To supplement these, The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, Public Law 566, should be substantially strengthened by more funds and possibly by widening its scope of cost-sharing in the field of water storage for all purposes. This is of National interest, not just Florida's.

Florida is blessed by a mild climate which lends itself to long growing seasons. We can supply fresh vegetables to the country during the winter months, furnish ample citrus products for the health and enjoyment of everyone, materially contribute to the beef and pork requirements of the Nation, plus our many other farm products. In face of our Nation's rapidly increasing population, we realize that we are in position to play an even more important role in feeding the Nation. Water will be the limiting factor along with the conservation and wise use of our lands.

It has been estimated that agriculture in Florida required 1,182 millions of gallons of water a day in 1956. The prediction for 1970 is 2,200 million gallons daily, an increase of nearly 54 percent. By the year 2000 we believe the latter requirements will have doubled. The vast majority of this water is now used for production of vital food products. This will be more so by 1980 and 2000. The national

interest in Florida agriculture will be great and deserving of Federal participation by assisting in the development of our water resources. Senator HOLLAND. Mr. Snow is a very practical and very useful citizen in our State in coordinating some 50-odd, I believe it is, of local conservation districts.

Mr. SNOW. Fifty-nine districts.

Senator HOLLAND. Fifty-nine districts. It may be that one of the Senators may have a question for you, Mr. Snow.

Mr. Snow. If they would like to ask any questions I would be glad to try to answer them.

Senator HOLLAND. He is one of these practical men, not a scientist, who has brought together these various local districts in a very fine way and it may well be that one of you gentlemen will want to question him.

Senator YOUNG. I always like to talk to your soil conservation district people. They are practical and farsighted. Do you have the small watershed projects in operation in the State now?

Mr. SNOW. Yes, sir, we have some five operations in the State now. Senator YOUNG. How many applications?

Mr. SNOW. We have got in the State associations, I think, at the present time 32 applications.

Senator YOUNG. That is a very popular program.

Mr. SNOW. Yes, sir, very much so. There are lots of people would like to use more of it but we don't have the money to go along with it. Our districts do not.

Senator YOUNG. I might say also, my colleague, Senator Holland, had much to do with the writing of that law.

Mr. SNOW. I have been visiting the Senator quite often.

Senator YOUNG. A good influence.

Senaotr HOLLAND. I want to say for the record that is a very modest understatement of his activities.

Senator YOUNG. That is all I have to say.

Mr. SNOW. Thank you very much.

Senator HOLLAND. Our next witness, according to the list, is Mr. G. E. Dail, Jr., executive director of the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District. Before I get to him, though, I want to ask this. Has there been anybody that found this list does not comport with his plans or convenience so that he should be advanced or retarded on the list? We want to suit the convenience, of course, of those who come here. Is there anyone who wishes to be shuffled about on that list? If not, Mr. Dail, go right ahead, sir.

STATEMENT OF G. E. DAIL, JR., EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN FLORIDA FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT

Mr. DAIL. Thank you, Senator.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, we of the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District appreciate your concern for the future of the Nation's water resources and the time that you are spending to secure informed opinion on the problem.

First of all, I want to say that I will not take much time in making a statement today because we subscribe altogether with respect to items of our project with the statement made by Mr. John Wakefield on behalf of the State of Florida.