to answer the question on the basis of the first and fifth amendments and all other constitutional rights available to me (H., p. 1535).

Chairman JENNER. When did you cease to be a member of the Communist Party?

Dr. SCHREIBER. Sir, I have stated, from January 1, 1941, and thereon after, I have not been a member of the Communist Party.

Chairman JENNER. Did you resign?

Dr. SCHREIBER. May I ask my counsel, sir?

Chairman JENNER. You may consult your counsel at any time, Doctor.

(The witness conferred with his counsel.)

Dr. SCHREIBER. May I respectfully decline to answer on the same grounds stated?

Chairman JENNER. Did you make any kind of a formal severance?

Dr. SCHREIBER. I am sorry, I must respectfully decline.

Chairman JENNER. You want this committee to understand you were a Communist up to a certain time, and then you were no longer a Communist, and yet you will not tell us how in the world you severed your connection with the Communist Party?

Dr. SCHREIBER. Sir, I would like this committee to understand that since January 1, 1941, I have not been a Communist; I am not now a Communist. During my entire Army career I was not a Communist. I participated in no Communist activities; I saw no Communist activities. I am thoroughly opposed to communism.

Chairman JENNER. Doctor, don't you know it is a tactic of the Communist Party for their members to make a tactical withdrawal from the Communist Party when they go into the armed services? Don't you know that is the pattern of the Communist Party?

Dr. SCHREIBER. I don't know anything about the Communist Party tactics or activities, sir, at the present time.

Chairman JENNER. You must know something about it. You decline to answer questions from the period 1933 on up to 1941.

Dr. SCHREIBER. I decline to answer from the moment of my birth until 1941, sir (H., pp. 1536–1537).

It will be noted that Dr. Schreiber insisted that he is now "thoroughly opposed to communism" and "participated in no Communist activities" after January 1, 1941. He further insisted on introducing documents to show that:

My work in the Army was not only of a superior quality in terms of actual work, but that I was regarded by my superiors and colleagues as a very able, patriotic American citizen, and I insist that I am that and was that all through the war [italics ours].

At another point, he discussed the part he played in the production of Army Talks, which have been shown above as the fountainhead of pro-Communist indoctrination in I. and E.

Dr. Schreiber not only approved of the pro-Communist indoctrination of American troops during World War II but he still approves of it.

The record shows that as late as April 1949, Dr. Schreiber was a speaker at the notorious Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. This was fully exposed as the shabbiest of Communist fronts well in advance of the actual conference itself. Secretary of State Dean Acheson characterized it as "a sounding board for Communist propaganda." The House Committee on Un-American Activities issued the following findings regarding the conference:

Parading under the imposing title of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace, the gathering at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, was actually a supermobilization of the inveterate wheelhorses and supporters of the Communist Party and its auxiliary organizations.

*

*

*

The purpose of the Scientific and Cultural Conference can be briefly summarized as follows:

1. To provide a propagandist forum against the Marshall plan, the North Atlantic Defense Pact, and American foreign policy in general.

2. To promote support for the foreign policy of the Soviet Union.

3. To mobilize American intellectuals in the field of arts, science, and letters behind this program even to the point of civil disobedience against the American Government.

4. To prepare the way for the coming World Peace Congress to be held in Paris on April 20 to 23, 1949, with similar aims in view on a world scale and under similar Communist auspices.

5. To discredit American culture and to extol the virtues of Soviet culture. (Review of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace released by HUAC April 19, 1949.)

Thus, Dr. Schreiber's self-serving declaration that he is a "very able, patriotic American citizen" who is "thoroughly opposed to communism," falls to the ground.

There is more evidence than this in the record to paint the Schreiber portrait. Most important is the testimony regarding those he assem bled around him at the top of I. and E. One such was Sgt. Luke Wilson.

SGT. LUKE WILSON, PIONEER CONSPIRATOR

Luke Woodward Wilson testified that he was a graduate of Dart mouth College.

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a member of the Communist Party and the Young Communist League at the time of your graduation from Dartmouth College? Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer that question *** (H., p. 1490).

His first employment was in an organization called the National Institute of Public Affairs. This was an organization that brought college students who were interested in Government service to Washington to learn something about the workings of the Government. "They worked as interns in various Government agencies," Mr. Wilson explained. "As I recall, I went around and made some of the arrangements for these interns to work in different offices *** I think (the Institute) got funds from some foundation."

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a member of the Communist Party when you were working for the National Institute of Public Affairs?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., p. 1494).

Mr. CARPENTER. Was it your practice to train and place students, at the Insti tute of Public Affairs, who were Communists, into positions with the United States Government?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer * * (H., p. 1496).

After his service with the Institute, Wilson worked for 4 years as a staff member of a Senate Subcommittee on Education and Labor headed by the late Senator Robert M. LaFollette, Jr. Senator LaFollette himself stated that the staff of this subcommittee was "infiltrated" by "Communist sympathizers" (R., p. 33).

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a member of the Communist Party when you were on the staff of the LaFollette committee?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer * (H., p. 1490).

The CHAIRMAN. Were you in contact with the Communist Party of Michigan when you were investigating the Michigan sitdown strikes for the LaFollette committee?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer (H., p. 1495).

Dr. Schreiber testified that he first met Wilson in Stockton, Calif., about 1938, when the latter came there on the business of the LaFollette committee. Wilson was later inducted into the Army.

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a member of the Communist Party while you were in the Armed Forces?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., p. 1491).

The witness seems to have had a clear distinction, in his own mind, between espionage and subversive activity.

The CHAIRMAN. When you were in the Armed Forces, did you engage in any espionage activities?

Mr. WILSON. No.

The CHAIRMAN. When you were in the Armed Forces, did you engage in any subversive activities?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., p. 1495).

In the early part of 1944, Wilson was transferred from Randolph Field, Tex., to the Army's Morale Services Division, which later became I. and E. He went immediately to the Morale Services School at Lexington, Va.

Mr. CARPENTER. When you went into the Information and Morale Section did you request assignment to the Morale Service?

Mr. WILSON. As I recall it, I did.

Mr. CARPENTER. Do you know to whom you made your request?

Mr. WILSON. It is my recollection that I requested it of Major Schreiber (H., p. 1490).

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a member of the Communist Party with Julius Schreiber?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., p. 1491).

Wilson worked at Morale Service Headquarters both in Washington and New York.

Mr. WILSON. Then I went to Europe in July 1944. I was in the Information and Education Division Headquarters, first in London and then in Paris, until sometime in December 1945 (H., p. 1489).

Mr. CARPENTER. When you were in the Armed Forces in France, were you in contact with the Communist Party of that country?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer * * * (H., p. 1496).

Mr. CARPENTER. When you were in Washington, how many people were on the staff, the immediate staff of Colonel Schreiber?

Mr. WILSON. As I recall it, there were around 4 or 5 * * * (H., p. 1493). Mr. CARPENTER. Did you ever consult with any Communist Party official regarding your work in the Information and Education Division?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer ***.

Mr. CARPENTER. Did you meet with and work jointly with members of the Communist Party within the Information and Education Division?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer

Mr. CARPENTER. Were you a Communist Party member together with Carl Fenichel?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer.

Mr. CARPENTER. Steve Fischer?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer

Mr. CARPENTER. Do you know Steve Fischer?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., pp. 1493–1494).

The final brush strokes in the Wilson portrait were forthcoming when he was read a passage from the Nixon memorandum. The subcommittee has previously shown that this memorandum was an overall description of the Communist conspiracy in Government, which was

prepared by a Federal intelligence agency. It was presented to then President Truman and several of his Cabinet members in the winter of 1945-46. The memorandum contained information on the activities of Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, William Remington, and others whose names have become bywords of infamy in American history. None of these individuals was punished in any way until the story of their conspiracy was forced into the open by committees of Congress. Here is what the chairman read about Luke Wilson from the Nixon memorandum and here are Wilson's own comments.

Chairman JENNER (reading):

"Luke Woodward Wilson was last known to be serving overseas as a morale officer in the United States Army. Confidential reliable sources have indicated

that Wilson is a close friend of Louise Bransten-" Do you know Louise Bransten?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer on the grounds I have previously stated. Chairman JENNER (reading):

"and that his wife, Ruth Wilson, is a Communist Party functionary in the Stockton, Calif., area. Wilson for a number of years was employed by the La Follette Civil Liberties Committee of the United States Senate investigating labor matters. A highly confidential source has advised that in May 1941 Wilson was attempting to determine how information contained in the files of the FBI might best be obtained in order to assist in the defense of Harry Bridges." Is that a fact, Mr. Wilson?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer on the grounds I have previously stated.
Chairman JENNER (reading):

"It is further reliably reported that Wilson desired Charles S. Flato, then of the Farm Security Administration, to approach John Abt, formerly connected with the Department of Justice, and at that time counsel for Sidney Hillman, on how best to obtain such data."

It that true, Mr. Wilson?

Mr. WILSON. I decline to answer *** (H., p. 1495).

This was one of the "4 or 5" men whom Dr. Julius Schreiber selected out of all the millions in the United States Army, to assist him in caring for the "morale” of the troops.

STEPHEN M. FISCHER

The subcommittee noted that Wilson invoked the fifth amendment against self-incrimination, when asked whether he knew Stephen Fischer. This was particularly interesting in view of a memorandum dated April 7, 1943, which was among the documents provided for us by the Department of the Army. The memorandum was addressed to Colonel Farlow, from Major Schreiber. Here is what it said:

I have been advised by Sergeant Wilson that 1st Lt. S. M. Fischer, Army Air Forces Flexible Gunnery School, Tyndell Field, Fla., is an outstanding young officer.

Lieutenant Fischer spent a long time in the South or Southwest Pacific and after completing his 25 (?) bombing missions came back to the mainland. According to Wilson "this guy's terrific—he already knows as much if not more than the instructors at the school."

In civilian life he was a newspaperman on the San Francisco Chronicle. Prior to that Wilson believes he completed a course in journalism at Columbia (?) University.

Recommend that steps be taken to have this officer brought in for 2 weeks temporary duty with a view to determining his usefulness either in materials or Field Operations Section (H., p. 1494).

Among other things, this sheds an interesting light on I. and E.'s theory of the chain of command. A sergeant told a major to tell a colonel to employ a lieutenant; and it was done!

After this memo went to Colonel Farlow, Major Schreiber telephoned Lieutenant Fischer in Florida and summoned him to I. and E. headquarters in Washington. Fischer was immediately put to work "helping in the preparation of 'Army Talks'" (H., p. 1500).

Fischer acknowledged to the subcommittee that he had joined the Communist Party when he attended the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University in 1940. "For approximately 1 year," he said, "up until some time in the early fall, as I recall, of 1941, I considered myself and was a member of the Communist Party, with a group of newspapermen in San Francisco. And I just left in the fall of 1941" (H., p. 1501).

He had no recollection of having met Schreiber prior to his induction into the service, although the latter professed to have known him. He said he never heard of the memorandum in which he, Fischer, was described as "terrific" by the Communist agent, Wilson. Among others who admired Fischer, according to a document found in his files, was an attorney named John T. McTernan. McTernan recommended Fischer's appointment as a flying cadet in the United States Army. One of the reasons for his recommendation, according to the document, was that Fischer was a "devout believer in the principles of our Constitution."

McTernan himself made use of the Constitution's fifth amendment against self-incrimination when the California Committee on UnAmerican Activities asked him about his own Communist affiliations (H., pp. 1504, 1505).

Fischer's I. and E. duties were as follows:

This officer's primary duties are editorial research and writing. He recommends and initiates subject matter, directs and conducts research work, and does actual writing of weekly Army Talk fact sheets and orientation discussion guides for distribution to all Army units in continental United States and to all overseas theaters. In addition, this officer is in charge of conducting pre-tests of discussion material by directing discussions in field units. The assignment calls for a high order of judgment, wide knowledge of world affairs and Army policy, and sympathetic understanding of troops in the field. This officer's duties carry great responsibility because of the global use to which the materials are put (H., p. 1505).

Fischer refused to tell the subcommittee who were the other Communists, besides himself, in the "group of newspapermen in San Francisco" (H., p. 1506).

CARL FENICHEL

Carl Fenichel was another of the individuals Luke Wilson refused to discuss, on the ground that to do so might involve him in criminal prosecution. Fenichel was called as a witness.

He testified that he attended the I. and E. school at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Va.

Then I went to Washington and I was told I was assigned to this Division involving the writing of Army Talks and training discussion leaders. That is the work I did from about August, I think, 1944, *** up until the time I was discharged in 1945.

Mr. CARPENTER. Mr. Fenichel, were you a member of the Communist Party when you were in the Armed Forces?

Mr. FENICHEL. No sir; I wasn't. (H., p. 1588.)

Mr. CARPENTER, Were you a member of the Communist Party a week before you entered the armed services?