The story told in Canada by Gouzenko is the event Bainbridge Colby predicted. The story told on our witness stand by Ege is another chapter. Kudryavtsev, who was Gouzenko's superior in Soviet intelligence, worked under Ege in the same agency and, after Kudryavtsev's involvement in Canadian espionage, the Soviet Government sent him as a "diplomat" to the United Nations.

13. Cvetic and Alexeev

Matthew Cvetic served the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a counteragent within the Communist movement from 1943 to 1950. On February 7, 1952, he testified before a subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee regarding Soviet use of diplomatic channels for espionage.

Mr. DUFFY. Mr. Cvetic, in view of your background and experience do you feel that the great majority, if not all, of those persons who are representatives of foreign governments and presently employed in the Soviet-bloc nations' consulates and embassies in this country, and in their missions to the United Nations, are engaged actively and directly in Communist propaganda and espionage activities in this country?

Mr. CVETIC. Yes. My conclusion, based on 6 years' work with Soviet agents in this country who operated in the embassies, consulates, United Nations, any one of the various trade or travel missions, or Red Cross and relief organizations or Communist-front organizations convinced me that their first and foremost job in this country is to carry on espionage and propaganda activity against the United States Government, that representatives of the Soviet-bloc governments in the United Nations not only operate as propaganda ministers in the United Nations, but also whenever possible carry on in this country to further the revolutionary aims of the Communist International by working in close proximity with members of the American Communist Party and alien Soviet agents, who number literally hundreds in the United States, who operate in such organizations as the IWO, the American Slav Congress, the American Committee for the Protection of Foreign Born, and other such organizations.

One of the most amazing things to me throughout all this work has been that these Soviet agents apparently have been able to carry on their work unmolested, while legitimate representatives of the United States Government in the eastern European countries have been imprisoned on trumped-up charges.

The work of Soviet agents in this country has been made doubly easy by the diplomatic immunity which they enjoy while serving in this country. (Espionage Activities of Personnel Attached to Embassies and Consulates Under Soviet Domination in the United States, p. 45.)

To finish this portrait of Communist "diplomacy" taken from the records of a whole generation, we draw attention to the testimony of Kirill Mikhailovich Alexeev, who was formerly attached to the Soviet Embassy in Mexico, that

all responsible workers of a Soviet Embassy are members of the secret intelligence service of the Soviet Government.16

Most of the underground American Communists who assembled secretly in the U. N. Secretariat had previously assembled secretly in the United States Government. There is every reason to believe that they had a purpose in coming together in both instances, that their purpose was inimical to the people of the United States, and that it was connected with the Communist world revolution against human freedom.

16 Communist Activities Among Aliens and National Groups, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Naturalization of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, on S. 1832, May 12, 1949, pt. 1, p. 70.

14. Colby was justified

The subcommittee reiterates that in the 33 years since Bainbridge Colby's words were uttered there have been no substantial new facts to upset the old facts upon which he built his historic conclusion. In every year, on every continent, myriads of new facts have emerged to support it.

Communist regimes have been continuously "based upon the negation of every principle of honor and good faith." Communist leaders have continuously demonstrated that they "are willing to sign agreements and undertakings with foreign powers while not having the slightest intention of observing such undertakings or carrying out such agreements." Communist leaders have continuously proven that their diplomats are the agents of dangerous revolt who use "diplo matic agencies to promote such revolutionary movements in other countries."

The evidence cited above is a mere molecule, in comparison with the whole body of evidence which could be produced to verify the truth of Bainbridge Colby's prophecy and to reduce the findings of the U. N. Administrative Tribunal to a historic absurdity.

SECTION IV

CONCLUSIONS

(1) American Communists who had been officials of the United States Government penetrated the Secretariat of the United Nations after the United States Government had been apprised of security information regarding their conspiratorial activities.

(2) American Communists have aided each other in securing employment in the United Nations.

(3) The pattern of the United Nations activity of American Communists bears strong resemblance to the pattern of the previous activity of such Communists in the United States Government, as described in the subcommittee's report on Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments.

(4) American citizens, under Communist discipline, are particularly valuable to the world Communist conspiracy when employed in the sections, divisions, and facilities of the United Nations from which they can operate both here and abroad under United Nations cover, sometimes even with diplomatic immunity, against the interests of the United States and in behalf of the Soviet Union.

(5) There is a Communist "fifth column" operating within the United Nations Secretariat. This "fifth column" includes American citizens. There are strong indications that this "fifth column" also includes citizens of other non-Communist countries. The work of this "fifth column" necessarily is inimical not only to the interests of the United States, but also to the interests of other non-Communist, freedom-loving nations, and to the avowed interests and purposes of the United Nations itself.

(6) In our report on Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments, the subcommittee took the position that American citizens who refuse, on grounds of self-incrimination, to testify before properly constituted judicial or legislative agencies of the United States Government regarding their Communist activity, are not fit for Federal employment. This position was upheld by the President of the United States in his amended Executive order of October 13, 1953. We believe that such American citizens are also unfit for employment by the United Nations.

(7) The existence of a "fifth column" in the Secretariat of the United Nations brings into serious question the work of the United Nations agencies and also that of other international organizations.

(8) Communists within the United Nations are under discipline to conform with the world pattern of Communist activity, in which every available type of diplomatic agency is used as a "cover shop" for espionage and subversion.

(9) The hearings before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee have been instrumental in revealing and securing the dismissal of a number of Americans with Communist records employed by the United Nations.

(10) Subsequent to the subcommittee's report of January 2, 1953, American representatives at the United Nations, together with the executive departments and in cooperation with the Secretary General have instituted a number of safeguards against the activities and operations of American Communists within the United Nations. These safeguards should be improved and perfected.

(11) The same considerations of national interest which dictate that a Communist shall not be considered desirable for Federal employment are the basis for the conclusion that American nationals who are Communists must not be allowed to assume positions in the United Nations from which they can harm their country. We believe it can be demonstrated that citizens of any nation engaged in a conspiracy to overthrow that nation by force and violence are per se unfit for employment by the United Nations or any other international or ganization. But entirely aside from the question of fitness, we consider it the unquestioned right of the United States to demand that American nationals who join a conspiracy against their own country forego any opportunity to further that conspiracy through the United Nations or any other international organization. The United States should not assert or enforce this right through an attempt to coerce the United Nations with respect to its employment practices; but the United Nations can have no legitimate concern with restrictions and limitations which our Government, for its own protection, may choose to place upon its nationals.'

(12) The presence, on the United Nations staff, of secret Communists from non-Communist nations operating under Soviet discipline, is detrimental to the purposes of the United Nations and specifically constitutes a violation of article 100 (1) of the Charter of the United Nations which is as follows:

In the performance of their duties the Secretary General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or from any other authority external to the organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position as international officials responsible only to the organi zation.

(13) Former Secretary General Lie showed awareness of the threat to American security when he dismissed American citizens from the United Nations Secretariat for refusing to answer the subcommittee's questions regarding their Communist activities.

(14) The Commission of Jurists, appointed by former Secretary General Trygve Lie to advise him, indicated its awareness of this threat to American security when it concluded:

In exercising his responsibility for the selection and retention of staff the Secretary General should regard it as of the first importance to refrain from engaging or to remove from the staff any person whom he has reasonable grounds for believing to be engaged or to have been engaged, or to be likely to be engaged in any activities regarded as disloyal by the host country.

(15) The action of the Administrative Tribunal in awarding indemnities, reinstatement and legal costs to persons who are clearly a threat to the internal security of the United States, has done injury to the cause of the United Nations within the United States.

(16) The decisions of the Administrative Tribunal reversing the Secretary General are unwarranted and demonstrate a totally erroneous conception of the world Communist conspiracy.

1 This is the philosophy underlying the bill S. 3, designed to prevent citizens of the United States of questionable loyalty to the United States Government from accepting any office or employment in or under the United Nations, and for other purposes.

T

3. RECOMMENDATIONS

We, the members of the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary:

(1) Recommend the enactment of the bill S. 3, sponsored by Senator Pat McCarran and passed by the Senate last June, which would prevent United States citizens of questionable loyalty to the United States Government from accepting any office of employment in or under the United Nations. We deplore opposition to this bill by agencies in the executive branch of the Government which should be supporting this bill as the only effective means of attaining its objectives.

(2) Commend the action of the American delegation to the United Nations in opposing the recommendations of the Administrative Tribunal reversing the Secretary General and urge such further steps as are necessary to prevent limitations upon and interference with the power of the Secretary General to remove American Communist employees from the United Nations staff.

(3) Urge the President to instruct the American delegation to the United Nations to press for revision of any United Nations rules or contracts which limit the power of the Secretary General to dismiss any such employees.

(4) Recommend that the subcommittee seek to determine which, if any, Government agencies or persons or private agencies took part in shifting Americans in government, who were connected with the Communist apparatus, to employment in the United Nations.

(5) Because all persons who are subservient to the Communist international organization are in fact agents of the Soviet Government, we urge the President of the United States to instruct the American delegation to press for thorough review of the entire United Nations personnel from non-Communist countries, and to cooperate with delegations from such countries for the purpose of eliminating all personnel from their respective countries who are members of the Communist international organization or who are subject to its discipline. Similar instructions concerning the desirability of eliminating Communists who come from non-Communist nations should be given with respect to personnel of specialized agencies of the United Nations, including the Monetary Fund, Bank for Reconstruction and Development, UNESCO, and the International Labor Organization.

(6) Recommend that the evidence of Soviet use of international agencies, including the United Nations, as a cover for espionage on American soil or against American sovereignty, be transmitted to the Secretary of State as a basis for possible protest by our Government against Soviet violations of the agreement made by the Soviet Union when it was accorded American recognition in 1933.

WILLIAM E. JENNER, Chairman.
ARTHUR V. WATKINS.

ROBERT C. HENDRICKSON.

HERMAN WELKER.

JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER.

PAT MCCARRAN.

JAMES O. EASTLAND.

OLIN D. JOHNSTON.

JOHN L. MCCLELLAN.