we should still say, that no good can arise from this system of vague crimination. Surely common sense and common prudence, and the rules of our common Christianity, should teach us to conciliate rather than to provoke, and to try whether a spirit of kindness and moderation will not operate in this instance as it is found to do in others. There is, in our judgment, scarcely a doubt, that such a plan, steadily pursued, although not relished by intractable partizans on either side of the question, would heal many of those divisions which every wise man con. demns and every good man deplores. Have we to learn, at this time of day, that by treating men as enemies, we make them such?

And with regard to those ministers of the church whom it is the fashion to deride as evangelical preachers, as unsound members of the Establishment, and, at the best, persons of questionable loyalty; what possible good can be expected from the process? The injustice of such charges constitute the least part of the evil the tendency of them is to throw discredit upou the church itself. When persons out of the pale of the Establishment observe the unsparing calumnies with which so many among the most active, useful, and learned of the clergy are, purely on account of their exemplary character, pursued by a party which claims to itself the exclusive title of orthodox; when they find that even distant Deans can descend to join in the vulgar cry; what must be the fair conclusion, but that we love party better than peace, and are likely to share the fate of a house divided against itself? What must be the feeling of our enemies, but a triumphant expectation of our approaching downfall?

Neither does the evil stop here: for THE SPIRIT OF INFIDELITY is abroad, a spirit fostered and nourished by our divisions, and which aims at the complete overthrow of the Christian religion.

What is this a time to cast suspicion upon our brethren who serve in the same church, and minister at the same altar with ourselves? Is this, we would ask, a time to tear asunder the bands which unite us with any class of Christians, in the interests of the Christian faith? Shall we follow the example of the infatuated inhabitants of Jerusalem when the avenging army was at their gates? God grant-we use the expression, not as the language of exclamation but of prayer-that similar fatuity may not involve us in similar ruin! How incredibly absurd is it, that we should be fighting about a few mysterious points, which, till the consummation of all things, will never be settled, while the enemy is going round our bulwarks, and counting our towers, and undermining the very foundations of the Christian temple!

We grant, indeed, that there is a point of view, in which it may be politic to heap calumnies upon the heads of our clerical brethren, provided they reach not ourselves. It is obvious, that if a large body of the clergy can thus be placed under the ban of the government and the bishops, the whole stream of preferment must be diverted into other channels: and in proportion as these calumnies can be rendered effective, in that same degree may the accusing party be expected to profit by their ingenuity. We firmly believe that Dean Kenney is influenced by no feelings of the sort: but it is impossible not to see, with regard to persons of somewhat similar sentiments, and of inferior stations, how intimately their interests are connected with the course of conduct so generally pursued. It would scarcely be too much to say, that the prospects of some persons are incalculably improved by it.

We are not so sanguine as to suppose, that any observations which we can make will check these harsh and uncharitable pro

ceedings, for the plain lessons of experience have been heard in vain. The history of the reign of Charles I. might convince any man, who is open to conviction, how extremely impolitic it is to class whole bodies of men wantonly and indiscriminately under an opprobrious name, and to treat as enemies of the state all those who do not exactly coincide with us about the government of the church. It was by uniting the political and religious Puritans, who had otherwise no necessary union, and by affecting to treat them all as of the same faction, that the court eventually raised against itself a power which it was impossible to withstand. And shall that instructive page of history be forgotten? Is it wise to drive men into hostility, when we have the moral certainty that no benefit can arise from it? However strong be our measures, there will still be Calvinistic Dissenters, and we cannot prevent it. It is easy to provoke them, but not very easy to reduce them to conformity. When Laud began to harass the Puritans, he boped, as James had done before him, either to make them conform, or to harry them" out of the country. He had oppressive courts, and extensive powers at command; but his object failed. Queen Mary had been equally unsuccessful in her labours to produce uniformity of doctrine; though her means were more ample, and her measures more decisive. In truth, nothing of this sort can be effective but a system of wide and pitiless extermination. In these days, few per sons would be found to sanction such a plan certainly not the Dean of Achonry, (we mean not the slightest imputation); and it would be impossible to act upon it: but is it politic then to exasperate merely for the sake of exaspera

tion?

The party spirit of which we complain has long been very active in the church, and may probably be traced up to Archbishop Laud.

Bishop Burnet adverts to it again and again, and always with extreme concern at its mischievous tendency. It is a spirit which cannot be controlled, even by the authority of the Bench: it successfully resisted the plan recommended by the bishops in King William's time for gaining the Dissenters by conciliatory measures, and which, if the slightest concession would bring over to the church every Dissenter in England, would scarcely be disposed to make it. So cruelly was that amiable and excellent prelate, Archbishop Tillotson, treated by the party to which we allude, that, in the opinion of Burnet, it rendered his dignity a painful burthen, and probably brought him prematurely to the grave. It is a reflection upon human nature that such treatment should be awarded to such a man. But the lesson is instructive. If Tillotson, with all his sweetness of character and attractive piety, possessing the favour of his sovereign and the general support of the right reverend bench, could make no effectual stand against this overbearing and contumelious spirit, but absolutely sank under its violence, let the clergy of humble rank be thankful for their mediocrity of station, and bear with patience the little measure of opprobrium which may fall to their several shares. Happily a calumnious accusation cannot either give them a new principle, or deprive them of an old one. Their loyalty and religion depend not upon the insinuations of fallible men, however arrogant their claims, but are drawn from a purer source, even that inspired volume, which, teaching them to fear God and honour the king, commands them, at the same time, to render to no man railing for railing, but contrariwise blessing. Their very slanderers, we doubt not, have an

* History of his own Times. See the History of the Reigns of William and Mary, and of Queen Anne, pussim: as also the conclusion.

interest in their prayers: and the worst wish ever associated with their names is, according to the terms of that liturgy which is com mon to both, that it would please God to forgive them and to turn their hearts. The Apostles rejoiced that they were counted worthy to suffer shame for the name of their Master and why should not those, who are endeavouring, however feebly, to copy their zeal, and to inculcate their doctrines, to partake of the consolation? Let them pursue their conscientious and

honourable course with meekness of wisdom. Worldly preferments they may not obtain; but they will not be unrewarded either in time or eternity. Scoffers may revile, but God will acknowledge them. They will see in the effects of the Gospel, while they live, the grace of Him who commanded them to preach it; and will be among the happy instruments of an overruling Providence in transmitting to distant ages that church which they venerate and love, a depository of blessings to many generations.

GREAT BRITAIN. PREPARING for publication :—The Life of the late Principal of St. Andrews (Dr. Hill), by Dr. Cook ;-On Population in Reply to Malthus, by Mr. Goodwin; The Writings of the late Mr. Playfair, 4 vols;-The Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, by T. Brown;-Devonia, a Poem, by the Rev. G. Woodley ;-Ross and its Vicinity, by the Rev. T. Fosbrooke;-Upper Canada and its Inhabitants, by Colonel Stewart.

In the press:-A Treatise on the Plague, by Sir A. Faulkner;-Illustrations of Phrenology, by Sir S. Mackenzie ;-A Tour from Paris to the Sea; The Book of Nature, by the Rev. W. Hutton-Memorable Battles and Sieges, by G. Haliton.

Mr. Ward's third and fourth volumes of" A View of the History, Literature, and Mythology of the Hindoos," are just published. The third contains, besides history, ample accounts of the manners and customs of that people; and the fourth, a sketch of every department of their literature, including translations from the Vedus, as well as from their philosophical and other writings, with an introductory chapter, devoted to a comparative view of the philosophy of the Greeks and the Hindoos.

An interesting "Historical Map of Palestine, drawn by Mr. Assheton, and engraved by Mr. Hall, is just published, exhibiting the geography of the coun

try, and especially the places mentiontioned in Scripture, interspersed with ninety-six miniature vignettes, illustrative of the principal events recorded in the Old and New Testament, and placed upon the spot where they occurred. These vignettes will be found very amusing to young persons, while they serve to impress on the mind the leading points of sacred history and geography. Price 11. 8s., or mounted on canvass with rollers, 1. 1s.

The first chain bridge in Great Britain has just been completed across the river Tweed, and is now open for the passage of carts and carriages of all descriptions. The river is 437 feet wide from bank to bank, and the bridge which stretches across it is without any central support. If found to answer the purpose, as it is confidently expected to do, its application to other rivers must be productive of great benefit to the country at large. FRANCE.

Some French agriculturalists strongly recommend the practice of reaping corn before it is perfectly ripe. Corn, they state, reaped a week before the usual time, is not only secured from the dangers which threaten it at that period, but is fuller, larger, and finer, and is never attacked by the weevil. Comparative experiments were made upon a field of corn; one half of which was reaped before the usual time, and the other half at the degree of maturity fixed

by the ordinary practice. The first portion gave a hectolitre of corn more for half a hectar of land. Afterwards an equal quantity of flour from the wheat of each portion was made into bread; that of the corn reaped green gave seven pounds of bread more than the other in six decalitres. The weevil attacked the corn which was cut ripe; the other was exempt from it. The best time for reaping they consider to be when the grain, on being pressed between the fingers, has a doughy appearance, like the crumb of new bread.

ITALY.

The excavators have just discovered, near the forum of Pompeii, a public edifice, which is supposed to be the Chalcidicum; and an inscription, importing that the edifice was built at the expense of the priestess Eumachia. A few days after the above discovery, a statue of the same priestess was found in perfect preservation; which far surpasses in grace and majesty the works of art previously excavated from the ruins of Pompeii.

UNITED STATES.

The following is an extract from the New York Evening Post of August 4.Such advertisements were common enough before the abolition of the Slave Trade; and the reader may see several of the kind in Granville Sharp's Life, lately published; but what will they say to such a paragraph in the year 1820?

“Twenty dollars for a Negro's head. Negro Dick ran away in March last from Mr. B. P. Wells. He now belongs to me; and as I have sent word to him to come in, and he will not do so, I will give ten dollars for him if brought alive, or twenty dollars for his head alone. Any person is at liberty to shoot or maim Dick in any way they please, while he is run away! (Signed) James Morgan, Murfreesborough, July 29,

1820."

INDIA.

Malay Education.-The whole of the education which the Malays receive at school consists in learning to recite the Koran in the Arabic, and sometimes learning to write; but neither arithmetic, nor any other branch of common knowledge necessary for transacting business, is taught. There are at present two schools; one in the town of Malacca, and one at Tranquera: there used to be a Tamul school formerly for Mahometans, where, besides the Koran

in the Arabic, there was also arithmetic taught in Tamul, but that has ceased to be the case some years since. The number of scholars has greatly decreased during the last few years. About five years ago there were from one hundred and sixty to one hundred and seventy children in two schools; there are now only fifty in both: this difference is ascribed to the increased poverty of the people. The number of children instructed at school, compared with those who are not, bears a proportion perhaps of about eight to twelve, slaves and debtors not included. The regular time for entering the school is at the age of seven; but some are sent sooner and some later, and sometimes they are first taught a little at home. When a boy is put to school the father goes with him and delivers him over to the master, and brings a present either of fruit, pastry, rose water, flowers, or sandel-wood water (water in which sandel-wood is rubbed on a stone). When the boy en ters the school-room he prostrates himself before the master, and embraces his feet as a token of subjection, and the master recites fatihat (the first chapter in Sales's Koran) and all the boys say "Amen." When he rises, one of the boys takes the presents and di vides them among the scholars; and the sandel-wood, or rose-water, they rub on the throat. The hours are from 6 to 10, from half-past 11 till 2, and from 3 til 5. In the evening the boys take their board home. If the master is strict, he goes round in the evening with a stick to see that they learn. The school years depend upon circumstances. Some finish the whole thirty chapters of the Koran, others not. The average time for the whole is six or eight years; some require twelve or more.

The Malays do not write in the sand like the Malabars. For paper they use a thin board made of a very light wood (called puley), with a fine grain, and rubbed over with a white-wash made of pipe-clay. For pens they use a hollow need (resam), or the kalam (fansor), or the sago (kabong) tree. Their ink is made of rice burnt over the fire till quite black; and when pounded fine pure water is put on it, and then it is strained through a cloth. They use the Arabic character, to which they have added six others affixed to the end of the alphabet. The boy begins with writing the alphabet on the board, at the top of which they never omit to

write," In the name of the merciful and gracious God." When the board is full, they go to the well and wash all clean off. The Koran is exclusively taught in the school, in Arabic, and without explanation. The children sit flat on the ground or flooring, in a hut, covered with the attap leaf: the flooring is made of split niebong, and raised two, three, or four feet above the ground, and a ladder of three or four steps leads up to it. The morning begins with a new lesson. In the afternoon they repeat what they have learned, which exercise is called mendras (ready off); then they write; the beginners the alphabet, and those more advanced copy out of the Koran: thus they learn the whole of the Koran from the board by piecemeal. The school fees áre fixed at four pice a week. When the boy has finished a chapter he again brings presents as at the entrance, and the master gets a donation of a rupee or a Spanish dollar, more or less, as the parents can afford. There are no rewards. The punishments amount to cruelty, and keep the minds of the children in coustant dread. When the father surrenders his son to the master, he says: "Here I deliver up my son to you; use him as you please; only his eyes, his hands and feet are mine." The meaning is, Do not break his limbs or beat out his eyes. The education of the females is very much neglected among the Malays. Numbers of Malays, who cannot afford to pay for their children's education, instruct them at home; so that notwithstanding the paucity of schools, at least eight out of twelve are instructed to read their religions books. The people are fond of reading: if a man gets a book, he reads aloud; the neighbours on hearing him come out, and he is soon surrounded by twenty or thirty people. He not only reads to them, but also instructs them to read for themselves, which they learn in a few days. They have but few books, and they are all manuscript, chiefly Hikaya

(history) as they call them: but they might with more propriety be called romances; for they say very little about the character of the man, but much about his adventures, his exploits, his miracles. Most of their writings are of this marvellous kind, and every thing is believ ed that is written.

Hindu Caves.-The Hindu caves at Elore, eighteen miles from Arungabad, consist of more than 20 excavations in a rocky mountain, which forms a semicircle of about 2000 yards. The largest of the caves is called Khylass, or Paradise. It is cut through the solid rock, and no other material is used. The chisel seems to have been the only tool employed. A beautiful stone temple

is formed, adorned, both inside and outside, with figures in basso relievo, and separate figures of the most exact symmetry, representing all the Hindu gods, their conquest of Ceylon, &c. There is a space between the scraped rock and temple with galleries, and a virandah under the former, in which there are 50 gigantic figures, with symbols of their history, &c., forming the whole Hindu mythology. The dimensions of this cave are 240 feet in length, 140 in breadth, and the scarp 90 feet in height. Elephants, tigers, &c. cut underneath the floor, appear to support the whole building. Many of the other caves are equally extraordinary. There are fly. ing figures, women, and all the fanciful tales of the Hindus, admirably depicted in stone. There is a miser, about ten feet in height, with his mother, wife, and children, clinging to his legs, whilst a thief is taking off his treasure. There are no natives now in existence equal to any thing of the kind. Some thousands must have been employed. Their origin is involved in obscurity; the general report is, that they were made about 1000 years ago, when the Boodh or the Brahmin religion was in the greatest splendour, and that they were used for schools, religious rites, &c., and the residence of the priests.

THEOLOGY.

Lectures on the Temper and Spirit of the Christian Religion; by M. Allen. cr. 8vo. 9s.

Sermon on Confirmation; by the Rev. H. S. Cassan. 1s. 6d.

Lectures on the Holy Trinity; by E. Andrews, 78.

The Catechist; a Fragment. Lesson I. The Parable of the Unjust Steward. 12mo. 4d.

Vol. I. of Sketches of Sermons, 12mo. 4s. Vol. III. and IV. of Scripture Portraits; by the Rev. R. Stevenson. 12mo. 10s. Doctrinal Sermons; by the Rev. W. Snowden. 10s. 6d.