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immigrants of like nationality who were admitted to the United States during the last fiscal year.

Briefly stated, the foregoing obviously means that permanent new immigration to the United States would be practically suspended during the year in question. The total quotas of all nationalities are 153,714, and 10 per cent of that number, or 15,371, would be available for open immigration during the coming fiscal year, and then only on a showing that the admission of the person concerned would not be detrimental to employment conditions in this country.

The annual allotment of new immigration available to natives of the major "quota" countries during the year would be:

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By according the present minimum quota of 100 to the 52 other "quota" countries, 5,200 would be added to the above figures, so that the total allotment of all quota countries would be 19,702.

The number of natives of Western Hemisphere countries admitted as "nonquota" immigrants in the year ended June 30, 1929, and the number of visas that would be available to new or unattached immigrants under the proposed amendment during the next fiscal year, unless a minimum of 100, or otherwise, is provided, are as follows:

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Canada and Mexico are the only New World countries that would have allotments of more than 500 under the proposed 10 per cent plan. If a minimum of 500 is allotted to each of the 21 other countries, the total allotment to the Western Hemisphere would be 19,605. Therefore the total permissible new immigration from all countries of the world would be limited to 39,307 during the year ending June 30, 1931.

If a minimum of only 100 is allotted to New World countries, the total allotment of such countries would be 11,738 instead of 19,605, as would be the case under a minimum of 500 for each country.

It will be understood, of course, that natives of the above-mentioned countries will also be eligible to receive visas under the nonquota and preferential status as provided in the proposed amendment. Consequently, the allotment of 10,374 under the 10 per cent provision, with additions resulting from whatever minimum may be adopted, will be available to new or unattached immigrants who are natives of New World countries, provided their admission would not be detrimental to employment conditions here.

Mr. JENKINS. Referring to that first table you quoted, does that mean that the Secretary of Labor will be allowed to admit that number of people?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No; the Secretary of Labor does not enter into that. It is a matter for the consuls of the Department of State to handle. The number of visas stated would be available for issuance to new immigrants who are natives of each of the countries named but the applicants in every individual case would be required to show a United States consul that their coming would not be detrimental to employment conditions here. It would be up to the applicants to make a proper showing in that regard, just as it is now up to applicants for immigration visas to show, among other things, that they are not likely to become public charges.

The CHAIRMAN. I think it would be something like this-the number of this type is reduced to 10 per cent, the number of chances to make any showing outside of the exemptions. A lawyer desires to come from England to the United States and he might make one case by showing conditions that would be acceptable to the consul. On the other hand a miner desiring to come here would be called upon to make a showing. It is quite within reason to suppose that the Department of Labor would at once notify the Department of State that men of certain type were not needed. The next step would be to deal with the technician. Instead of coming as now, and hanging on and on and on as a visitor and not being able to bring in his wife, even though he hopes to remain here permanently, he would be admitted if he could make a showing that he would come within the 10 per cent limitation. Is that right?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. Yes; unless that particular technician should fail to show that his coming would not interfere with the employment of some technician already here. The same would. apply to the lawyer or any other person coming to the United States to earn a living.

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Mr. JENKINS. At the present time the demand for these technicians very limited. There are only a few. Would you take the British quota, for example, and allow 6,000 of them to come in under that. classification?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No; by no means.

Mr. JENKINS. Why is that not true? You would not cut down the British quota? You are going to make this selective immigration. Whatever is left is selective.

The CHAIRMAN. The first thing is to reduce immigration to something like 15,000. This really amounts to a temporary suspension of immigration.

immigrants of like nationality who were admitted to the United States during the last fiscal year.

Briefly stated, the foregoing obviously means that permanent new immigration to the United States would be practically suspended during the year in question. The total quotas of all nationalities are 153,714, and 10 per cent of that number, or 15,371, would be available for open immigration during the coming fiscal year, and then only on a showing that the admission of the person concerned would not be detrimental to employment conditions in this country.

The annual allotment of new immigration available to natives of the major "quota" countries during the year would be:

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By according the present minimum quota of 100 to the 52 other "quota" countries, 5,200 would be added to the above figures, so that the total allotment of all quota countries would be 19,702.

The number of natives of Western Hemisphere countries admitted as "nonquota" immigrants in the year ended June 30, 1929, and the number of visas that would be available to new or unattached immigrants under the proposed amendment during the next fiscal year, unless a minimum of 100, or otherwise, is provided, are as follows:

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Canada and Mexico are the only New World countries that would have allotments of more than 500 under the proposed 10 per cent plan. If a minimum of 500 is allotted to each of the 21 other countries, the total allotment to the Western Hemisphere would be 19,605. Therefore the total permissible new immigration from all countries of the world would be limited to 39,307 during the year ending June 30, 1931.

If a minimum of only 100 is allotted to New World countries, the total allotment of such countries would be 11,738 instead of 19,605, as would be the case under a minimum of 500 for each country.

It will be understood, of course, that natives of the above-mentioned countries will also be eligible to receive visas under the nonquota and preferential status as provided in the proposed amendment. Consequently, the allotment of 10,374 under the 10 per cent provision, with additions resulting from whatever minimum may be adopted, will be available to new or unattached immigrants who are natives of New World countries, provided their admission would not be detrimental to employment conditions here.

Mr. JENKINS. Referring to that first table you quoted, does that mean that the Secretary of Labor will be allowed to admit that number of people?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No; the Secretary of Labor does not enter into that. It is a matter for the consuls of the Department of State to handle. The number of visas stated would be available for issuance to new immigrants who are natives of each of the countries named but the applicants in every individual case would be required to show a United States consul that their coming would not be detrimental to employment conditions here. It would be up to the applicants to make a proper showing in that regard, just as it is now up to applicants for immigration visas to show, among other things, that they are not likely to become public charges.

The CHAIRMAN. I think it would be something like this-the number of this type is reduced to 10 per cent, the number of chances to make any showing outside of the exemptions. A lawyer desires to come from England to the United States and he might make one case by showing conditions that would be acceptable to the consul. On the other hand a miner desiring to come here would be called upon to make a showing. It is quite within reason to suppose that the Department of Labor would at once notify the Department of State that men of certain type were not needed. The next step would be to deal with the technician. Instead of coming as now, and hanging on and on and on as a visitor and not being able to bring in his wife, even though he hopes to remain here permanently, he would be admitted if he could make a showing that he would come within the 10 per cent limitation. Is that right?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. Yes; unless that particular technician should fail to show that his coming would not interfere with the employment of some technician already here. The same would apply to the lawyer or any other person coming to the United States. to earn a living.

Mr. JENKINS. At the present time the demand for these technicians is very limited. There are only a few. Would you take the British quota, for example, and allow 6,000 of them to come in under that classification?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No; by no means.

Mr. JENKINS. Why is that not true? You would not cut down the British quota? You are going to make this selective immigration. Whatever is left is selective.

The CHAIRMAN. The first thing is to reduce immigration to something like 15,000. This really amounts to a temporary suspension of immigration.

Mr. JENKINS. If you cause a suspension of immigration from these southern European countries, where the great clamor comes from, you are going to put back the consummation of bringing the families in for another 25 or 50 years.

Mr. Box. They would be exempt from this suspension.

The CHAIRMAN. And we have in mind that this plan shall be operative for one year only.

Mr. JENKINS. It would not go into effect until 1931.

The CHAIRMAN. It would go into effect July 1, 1930, and continue for one year only.

Mr. GREEN. Do I correctly understand that the number of immigrants that may actually come to the United States would be reduced under this proposal?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. The new or unattached, open immigration; that is to say, those who are not now nonquota immigrants and who have no preference because of relatives in the United States; what the chairman is pleased to call "new seed"; will be limited to about 25,000 during the next fiscal year, and that 25,000 will be able to secure visas only if they show to the consul in each case that the admission of the individual applicant would not be detrimental to employment conditions here.

Mr. GREEN. The 25,000 would come from all the world?

The CHAIRMAN. Yes.

Mr. GREEN. And if some country should not use its quota, is that quota transferable?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No; it could not be transferred. This is simply a horizontal reduction of the quota of every nationality. Mr. GREEN. But it empowers the administrative officers of our Government with the duty of picking those who are to be admitted, and it divests the Congress of its legislative power; does it not? Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. No.

Mr. Box. I am opposed to what is suggested in the statement of the gentleman. The Metcalf bill would allow the department to select these technicians. It has to select them according to the Metcalf bill and it looks to me like that is necessary. We have to pass that discretion to the departments.

Mr. JENKINS. Let us consider Turkey, for example, with a quota of, say, 500, and it is oversubscribed by women and children, mothers and fathers of citizens, and wives and children of permanent residents of the coutry. That quota will not be touched, will it, because they are all within the preferential class now?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. Not all.

Mr. JENKINS. Assume that they are within the quota.

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. Fifty per cent of the quota is available for preferences in the case of certain relatives of United States citizens.

Mr. JENKINS. And the other 50 per cent is available for preferences, is it not?

Assistant Secretary HUSBAND. It is available for the wives and children of aliens lawfully resident in the United States; so that in all probability the whole of the Turkish quota or the whole of the quota of all small-quota countries would be taken up in reuniting families. There would be no new immigration from those countries during the next fiscal year.

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