translated to go up, signifies often in Scrip- sunt, sæpe ita solent breviter quæ ante ture, to vanish or perish. As in Ps. cii. 25; dixerant repetere, atque ille ipse a persona Isa. v. 24; which makes the easiest sense of secunda ad tertiam transitas animo concitato this place, in this manner; Ex quo polluisti apprime convenit. LΧΧ., οὗ ἀνέβης. 2. thorum meum, ascendit ut vapor aut fumus pers., ut oratio membro priori conveniat. excellentia et dignitas tua, i. e., dilapsa est, Schum.-4] Sam., LXX., Aq., extincta est, evanuit. "From the time that Symm., Syr., Onkel., Vulgat., Persa, Luther, thou defiledst my couch, thy excellency and Michaelis, Teller, Dathe, al.-in] dignity went up like a vapour or smoke, i.e., Sam.-i.e., te profanasti, vers. it slid away, it was extinct, it vanished." Sam. et Saad.-] stratum eius, They are the words of the forenamed Vulgat.-] Vulg.— K. 99, pr.Calixtus; who well observes that this is LXX., Syr., Onk., Ion., Saad.—y explained in 1 Chron. v. 1. Arabs Erpen.- Michaelis convertens : migrans, als Uebertreter (cfr. Eichhornii Repertor., p. iii. p. 93.)— ascendendo Luther, Dathe, et Schott. Rosen.Lascivia instar aquarum exundantium, sc. erat tibi. Quum verbi derivata Jud. ix. 4: Jer. xxxiii. 32; et Zephan. iii. 4, cum vocibus vanitatem et Etsi priora huius commatis verba novo mendacium indicantibus conjungantur, nomini commate paululum ab antecedentibus dislevitatis notionem fere tribuunt. Sed sociantur, quivis tamen, si antithesin et æque bene convenit temeritatis, petulantiæ parallelismum membrorum recte animadet lasciviæ notio. H. 1. libidinis incon- verterit, ea cum illis arctissime coniunget tinentia confertur aquis ruptis aggeribus interpretando. Sic enim cohærent: quamexundantibus. Haud male Hieronymus: quam (tu Ruben, qui es primogenitus filiorum effusus es sicut aqua. LXX., égúßpioas os meorum) primogenituræ præstantia, digdop, insolentius gessisti sicut aquæ, fluminis nitate et viribus, excellis, tamen veluti vapor sc. alveo suo egressi et vicina exundantis. aquæ haud excellas. Egregie igitur transit veteres secundam verbi poëta parallelismo antithetico ad id, quod personam expresserunt, perspicuitatis et maxime spectat, quomodo Ruben primofacilioris constructionis causa, non quod geniti dignitatem et iura amisisset, exposilegerunt. in Ne excellas, sc. dig- turus. In quo parallelismo non solum nitate et honore; sive, ne plus habeto, ne membra et vocabulorum rhythmus, ne dicam excellito posthac eo jure, quod tibi ordo nas- pedes, sibi optime respondent, sed etiam פַּחַז Pro nomine cendi dederat. consulto et eleganter יֶתֶר ob antecedens תּוֹתַר כִּי עָלִיתָ מִשְׁכְּנֵי :Sequitur ratio quia ascendisti cubilia patris tui, i.e., ab Hebræo adhibitum est. Sunt autem, qui ejus torum, xxxv. 22. (Simile illud Virg. non satis perspexerint hanc membrorum Eneid., vi. 632.) Cum patris pellicibus rationem, quum aut in duas partes alterum concubuisse, et apud Arabes magnum crimen hemistichium huius parallelismi dispescant habetur, vid. d. a. u. n. Morgenl., p. i. ita, ut priorem cum antecedd. arctius p. 230, aliud exemplum affert Staehelin ex coniungant (vid. Iac. Robertson. Clavis Abulfaradschii Histor. Dynastiar., p. 210, Pentateuchi, Edinburgi, 1770, qui sic latine Tunc profanasti, contaminasti, ea transtulit: præcellentia dignitatis et præsc., patris tui cubilia. Nam cum sequenti cellentia roboris tumidus instar aquarum; non conjungere vetat accentus distinctivus eris præcellens. Sic etiam Dathe ad h. 1.; Tiphcha voci appositus. Verba Ilgen, 1. 1, p. 312; Herder, l. 1, p. 180; , plures sic vertunt: ascendit, i. e., abiit Vater, p. 312) aut sive secunda persona in auras, stratum meum, evanuit, abiit ejus verbi reddant (Hieronymus: effusus es sicut dignitas, utpote a te inquinati. Verbum aqua; Aquila: áμßevoas; Symmach. : enim, ubi dicitur de aqua aut de rore, idem est ac in vaporem resolvi, evanescere, népeČeσas; Syrus: ▲▲, diffluxisti; Onk.: ut Ex. xvi. 14; Ps. cii. 25, interitum sectatus es iram tuam; cfr. Wineri Comm., hominis significat, et Ez. xi. 24, de visione, p. 29; Persa: festinationem fecisti; cfr. Rosenquæ evanuerat, usurpatur. Durior tamen muelleri Comm., p. 33; Dathe: sed turges ut ista hujus loci interpretatio videtur. Nil aqua; Gesenius in Commentat. de Pent. obstat, quo minus simpliciter vertamus: Sam., p. 33, et in Lex., min. ed., iii. p. 672: stratum, s. thalamum meum ascendit, in- tumuisti, lascivus fuisti instar aquarum, du cestum illi intulit. Nam qui ira commoti kochtest über wie Wasser, suffragante Winero in Commentat. de vers. Sam., p. 34), sive exsiliit ferventis aquæ instar (aufkochen, tertia persona exprimant (Clericus: effusa sicut Græc. (w), sed me substantivum redest sicut aqua, sc. præcellentia; Schott: dendum esse omnino vaporem, qui cum aqua vapor est veluti aquæ, i.e., præstantia tua terminos suos excedente sive in olla sive in plane evanescit). Nam manifesto op-amnibus sive denique in mari comparatur. positum est nomen substantivum antece- Huius imaginis exempla inveniuntur in denti, ita ut significet ex oppositionis Corano Sur., ii. 15; xx. 24. Cfr. Iob. vi. 15. lege præstantiæ defectum, vanitatem, va- Hirzel. Commentat. de Pent. Syr., p. 31. porem. Qui vapor comparatur cum aquæ Mira denique est in hac re Saadiæ transvapore, qui qualiscunque est etiamsi paulis с hausteبنهلة من per tumescat, celeriter tamen evanescit. latio: ý sló Unde vero petita sit hæc imago, fluctuant| paululum inter se interpretes. Plerique aquæ non abundabis, quam de Sacy (in cum Hieronymo cogitant de aquæ effusæ Eichhornii Allgem. Bibl. der bibl. litt., p. x. levitate, sive quod in lagena nihil relinquat p. 62), sic interpretatur: haud tantum præ· ut ceteri liquores vel odorem vel colorem vel cipui habebis, quantum aquæ uno haustu aliquid substantiæ, sive quod mox a terra sorberi potest (me quidem iudice vernacule imbibatur (cfrr. Mercer. et Bonfrer. ad reddi possunt haud male: du wirst dennoch h. 1.). Alii comparant aquæ rapiditatem vel als Erstgeborner keinen Schluck Wasser mehr quod aqua effusa magna rapiditate deorsum haben). Iam vero his expositis sequitur, ut fertur (vid. Calov. ad h. 1.) vel quod amnes vocc. in recte interpretemur. Nam vel magna vi exundant et fluctus ruptis aggeribus in his dissentiunt a se interpretes. Alii enim vehementer erumpunt (vidd. Clericus, Rosen- hæc intelligunt de tempore præterito: exmueller ad h. 1., et Stachelin, l. 1. p. 4). Cum cellentia tua (quam tenes primogenitus) præI. D. Michaele (in translat. vernac., p. ii., terüt (vidd. Ilgen, Herder, aliique). Sed Gott., 1770, ubi sic vertit: du bist rasend cuilibet indolem vaticinii et particulam und unsinnig geworden). Schulz. in Scholl, accurate inspicienti satis clarum erit, inby putat describi hydrophobiam, quæ in Arabia non posse nisi de tempore futuro apte exponi et vicinis regionibus frequens fuerit, ideoque notione intransitiva (cfr. Ex. xxxvi. 7): ne explicat: spumas agere, furere. Herder excellito (sc. primogeniti ornamentis). Nunet Iusti de maris unda, quæ cum superbia quam enim Rubenis tribus ad magnum quasi prætereat, explicant (dein Vorzugs- splendorem evecta est, imo amissis primorecht an Würde, dein Vorzugsrecht an Macht geht, wie die stolze Welle, dir vorüber: du bist der Erste nicht mehr). Gesenius 1. 1, et Winer in Lex., s. h. v. collato usu radicis Superest, ut doceamus, quid sibi velit Chald. : subsiliit, fremuit, et Syriaco: ultima vox . Nam etsi viri docti in eo merito consentiunt, quod poëtam huius imf≈ lascivus, protervus, salax fuit, censent, precationis rationem allaturum xxxv. 22, hominis lasciviam et salacitatem cum aqua respexisse arbitrantur, dissentiunt tamen de calida in olla fremente et extra margines illius vocis et interpretatione et nexu (cfr. subsiliente comparari (cf. Teller in notis varr. lectt.). Nos quidem parallelismi syngerm. ad h. 1.). Alii denique nobis videntur thetici membra intuiti, quæ recte pronunomnium optime intelligere aquæ vaporem, ciata animi indignabundi motus exprimere quocum præstantiæ defectus et vanitas con- videntur, profiteri non dubitamus, poëtam feratur. Cui sententiæ non solum maxime postremo, ut Iacobus summa cum indignarespondet primaria notio verbi tumuit, tione incestum filii concubitum carperet, quam obtinet Iud. ix. 4; Ier. xxiii. 32, haud inepte per enallagen subito transiisse Zephan. iii. 4, ubi cum vocibus vanitatem et mendacium significantibus copulatum est, sed etiam contextus, ex quo veræ primogeniti dignitati vana præstantia et inanis superbia opponitur; itemque Arab. fastu elatus est. Itaque putaverim, non significare primo, ut Gesenius in Lex. statuit, genituræ privilegiis sedem fixit extra terram sanctam. Cfr. Num. xxxii. 16-22, 29—33; Deut. xxxiii. 6; Ios. i. 12-15; xxii. 1, ss. ad tertiam verbi personam hoc sensu: nefandum dictu, adscendit! Huic sententiæ favet non solum unius codicis hebræi lectio, sive interpretamentum, i. e., nequissime, detestabilis! (cfr. Num. v. 21, 27; Ies. xxiv. 6; Ier. xliv. 12); sed etiam v. 9, ubi simili ratione, ut vim orationis augeat, a secunda persona ad tertiam subito transit. Cfr. Stæhelin, pag. 5, ubi vertit: utique dwellings, to bear witness against them for adscendit! Extremum illud est, ut monea- their barbarous cruelty. But these words mus, Ilgenium (1. 1, p. 313, s.) tam may be, and are by some both ancient and contra parallelismi naturam (demta enim later interpreters, rendered otherwise. For hac voce membrum deesset) quam contra the Hebrew word mecheroth here rendered totius carminis indolem (quippe oratio sive habitations, is never so used, nor indeed is imprecationis sive precationis nunquam in- found elsewhere in Scripture. Nor doth cipit verbo) ad sequentia referre hoc modo: that signification agree with the Hebrew superavit Schimeon et Levi fratres suos, i. e., root from whence this comes, which is Schimeon et Levi, quod omnes Sichemi machar, and signifies to bargain, or sell, or incolas occiderunt c. 34, fratres nequitia exchange. And accordingly this word is by superarunt. Neque habet, quo se com- the Samaritan translator, and by other mendet eorum interpretatio, qui vel ad learned interpreters, rendered, their con, excellentiam vel ad n, dignitatem ventions, or compacts, or civil contracts, or referunt idque translata notione explicant: agreements. And, which is more, the evanuit (sic Clericus, Venema, in Diss. Se- Chaldee verb mechar, from whence this lectis, Robertson, 1. 1). Longe rectius con- word may very well be deduced, signifies vertit Persa tunc impius fuisti; stratum to espouse; and the noun mechirah, derived meum adscendit. Cfr. Rosenmuelleri Com- from it, signifies a spouse. And so the mentat. de Pent. Pers., p. 33. words may be rendered thus, their contracts, or agreements (or their nuptial contracts), were instruments of cruelty. Which translation seems better than the other, 1. Because it keeps closest to the words of the text, and leaves out that particle in, which is not in the Hebrew text, but was added by our translators to complete the sense. Because this best agrees with the history recorded, Gen. xxxiv., where we read that they did cover their bloody design with a pretence of an agreement and nuptial contract with the Shechemites, which was a great aggravation of their villany, that those things which to others are bonds of love and peace, were made by them instruments of cruelty. Ver. 5. te (sive), Sam., LXX., V. S., et Onk., probantibus I. D. Michaele et Dathio. Targ. Hieros.-Schum. Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ ἀδελφοὶ συνετέλεσαν ἀδικίαν ἐξαιρέσεως αὐτῶν. ¿aipéσews] è aipéorews I.; VII. codd., Ald., Alex., Cat., Nic., probante Schleusnero in Lex. ad h. 1.-Schum. Au. Ver.-5 Simeon and Levi are brethren; instruments of cruelty are in their habitations [or, their swords are weapons of violence]. Ken. 2. Bp. Patrick.-Instruments of cruelty are in their habitations.] The word mecheroth (which we translate habitations) is nowhere Their very contracts are instruments of else found, nor is there any root in the violence. Simeon and Levi are brethren; Hebrew language from whence it may derive that signification. Therefore Lud. de Dieu, from the Ethiopic language, translates it counsels: for so the word signifies in that tongue; and in an ill sense, conspirations, machinations, or mischievous devices. This Job Ludolphus approves of, and translates this sentence after this manner, Consilia eorum nihil sunt nisi vis et arma: "Their counsels are nothing but force and arms (vid. Comment. in Histor. Ethiop., lib. i. cap. 15, n. 106). Aben Ezra is not much different, who translates it, their compacts : as G. Vorstius' notes upon Pirke Eliezer, cap. 38, where there are other various interTheir bloody swords are yet in their pretations, with which I shall not trouble the Ged. Simeon and Levi are brothers; who accomplished their iniquitous machinations. [Heb., instruments of violence are their machinations.] Booth. They accomplished [so Sam., LXX., Targ.] by violence their schemes. Pool. Simeon and Levi are brethren; not only by nature, but in iniquity; of like cruel and bloody disposition, confederate in the same wicked design, Gen. xxxiv. 25. So the word brother is elsewhere used, for him that agrees much with another in his temper, or employment, or designs, as Job xxx. 29; Prov. xviii. 9, &c. versus hemistichio, quod vocem ni vario modo intelligunt. Hanc enim explicant LXX., ἐξαιρέσεως αὐτῶν sive quod præstat ex auctoritate aliorum codd. ¿g aipéσews avтov, i.e., sua sponte, non lacessiti (perfecerunt iniquitatem); Syrus: bio, vasa furoris reader, because I have given that which I parallelismo membrorum synonymico. Cuius think most natural. initium fit iam v. 5, in quo quidem conGesen.-, fem., Gen. xlix. 5, only, veniunt interpretes, quod magis de probably a sword, weapon. Hence animo, de morum similitudine facinorumDrip, tools of violence (are) their swords. que pravitate, quam de natalibus dictum Jerom, arma eorum. According to this putant, sed discrepant inter se de altero signification it is derived from, i.q., huius Arab., conjugation ii. prostravit, comp. m, to dig, to pierce. Others take it synonymous with ?, (in Ezek. xvi. 3,) a habitation. Hence, weapons of violence are in their habitations. Others explain it, designs, plots, after the Æthiop., consilium cepit; or, tricks, fraud, according to the Arab., to deceive, to invent fraud. Prof. Lee.-, fem. once, pl. aff. , once, Gen. xlix. 5; r. : thence, Swords. Gr. páxaipa. But, De Dieu, ad loc., and Ludolf. Lex. Æthiop., p. 87, from seems A ( porno so Ihôi? ex natura sua (sc. sunt); Vulg.: vasa iniquitatis bellantia; Vers. Sam.: perfecerunt fallaciam confederationum suarum. In his optime transtulisse videtur Persa : instrumenta violentice (sunt) arma eorum (cfr. Rosenmuelleri diss. de vers. Pers., p. 33, s.); sed omnium pessime in laudem Schimeonis et Levi exposuit Onkelos sic: viri fortes in terra peregrinationis suæ fecerunt fortitudinem. Quomodo autem antiqui, sic recentiores de hoc vocabulo dissentiunt. Alii id derivant a ♡ the Arab., machinatus est. Machinations, devices. Aquila, σkeun adıκías ȧváσkape. The preceding, however, to require some instrument here, rather than device. If so, some instrument used for digging through, or sapping, a Syr., vendidit mulierem, desponfoundation, was probably intended. In Job xxiv. 16, a similar practice is men- Deut. xxi. 14), ut, quia Schimeon et Levi savit (cfr. Gen. xxxi. 15; Exod. xxi. 8; tioned. See my note. Aquila evidently ficta sponsione Dinæ sororis Sichemitas cirentertained this view, obscure as his version cumvenissent, vel sic interpreteris: eorum of the place is. In Gen. xxxv. 25, we have 7. But, as in the Lat. ferrum, any ad h. 1.) vel: perfecerunt sponsalia cruenta sponsiones instrumenta contumelia (Clericus other cutting, or graving, tool might have sive fraudulenta (Michaelis in translat. vern. been meant. et in Suppl., p. 1502, et Dathe ad h. 1.). Alii consuluerunt Æthiop. oon: (ma Rosen. Sensus prodibit simplicior, si sumamus i. esse զ. Græc. μάχαιρα, quod, ut alia, haud pauca, ad Græcos per- chara) consultavit, et Arab. venerit ex Oriente, quomodo erit: gladii eorum sunt violentiæ instrumenta; utuntur est, circumvenit, ut ip redderes vel conillis ad violentiam aliis inferendam. Hiero- sultationes vel machinationes vel fraudem, nymus: vasa iniquitatis arma eorum. LXX., dolum (vid. Iob. Ludolfi Lex Æthiop., p. nom. ?, consilii significatu ceperunt; ita 639. Castelli Lex. heptagl., s. h. v., Lud. enim reddunt: σvvetéλeσav ådıkíav ég aîpé- de Dieu in Animadverss., p. 52. Schulσews avτov, perfecerunt iniquitatem ex pro- tensii Animadv., ad h. 1. Opp. min., p. 129. posito suo, pro lubitu suo. Prolegerunt Gesenii Lex. min., p. 454, s). 15, quod et textus Sam. exhibet. Alias deducunt a vendidit, ut designet: negointerpretationes vid. in Commentar. nostro tiationes, commercia, pactiones, quas Schimajore. meon et Levi cum Sichemitis fecerint (vid. מְכֵרוֹת Alii Schum.-Altera Iacobi imprecatio habet Iac. Gussetii Lex., ed. ii., Lips., 1747, p. 893); hoc singulare, quod Schimeon et Levi, et alii non differre putant aut am origo, fratres germani et animo simillimi, ob cru- natales (cfr. Ez. xvi. 3; xxi. 35; xxix. 14) deliter factum, quod in Sichemos com- aut a peregrinatio, habitatio, ut locum miserant, una abominantur, ideoque poëta, vel sic intelligas instrumenta violentiæ sunt quod ad duos pertinet, bis commemorat origines, cogitationes eorum (cfr. Syr. supra laudatus; Mendelssohn vertit: Werkzeuge 7777 tationes eorum, i.e., habitationes eorum sunt Mercer, Calov., aliique.) Alii denique respiciunt verb. vel fodit, perfodit, et conferunt Græcum μάχαιρα, quod inde forte originem duxerit, ut ip significet vel sensu latiori arma (Hieronymus: vasa ini R. .Sam. K. xiii.; pr. iii, ובקהלם [בִּקְהָלָם 6 ,Sam. ne ercandescat, אל יהר תֵּהַר 250; pr. V., LXX., Syr., Vulg., Ion., Hieros. i.e., placet mihi eorum societas. Vid. Ge- nota 210. que. ,892,941 .murus, R ,שׁוּר שׁוֹר. 7], Sam., i.e., pulcherrima est ira eorum. Samaritanum magno cum partium studio sic textum corrupisse, nemo non videt. Cfr. Gesenius, 1. 1. quitatis arma eorum; Vater: Gewaltthat pr. 230, Aquila, Symm., Syr., Onk., Ion., cum illis enim bene conciliari possunt hac , וחברתם [וְעֶבְרָתָם et V. S. Da, K. 155.-Schum. Sam. εἰς βουλὴν αὐτῶν μὴ ἔλθοι ἡ ψυχή μου, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ συστάσει αὐτῶν μὴ ἐρίσαι τὰ ἥπατά μου. ὅτι ἐν τῷ θυμῷ αὐτῶν ἀπέκτειναν ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐπιθυμίᾳ αὐτῶν ἐνευροκόπησαν ταῦρον. 7 ἐπικατάρατος ὁ θυμὸς αὐτῶν ὅτι αὐθάδης, καὶ ἡ μῆνις αὐτῶν ὅτι interpretatione: Schimeon et Levi sunt fratres, i.e., sunt eadem sentiendi ratione, eodem ἐσκληρύνθη. διαμεριῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν Ἰακώβ, καὶ animo; instrumenta violentiæ (sunt) indoles diaσñeр avтoùs év 'Iσpańλ. Nic. eorum, i.e., inique agere student. Quæ si 600] On VIII. codd., Compl., Cat., 7 διασπερῶ] διασκορπιώ, Alex. Au. Ver.-O my soul, come not thou into 7 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; They digged down a wall. A esse personarum circumscriptionem poëticam, qualem paulo post v. 6, vides in vocibus,. Neque tamen dubito, quin hoc vocabulum sit derivandum a () fodere, infodere, ita ut sit proprie id, quod infossum est atque insculptum, natura, indoles, character. Hanc mentem vernacule reddere possumus sic: zur Ausübung von Gewaltthätigkeit dient ihr Character, sive: zu Werkzeugen der Gewaltthätigkeit Gesen.- in three conjugations; Piel, sind sie wie gemacht. Denique attinet comto cut the sinews or tendons of the ham, to memorare, Samaritanum, ne Schimeon et hough, hamstring a horse. The Israelites Levi, viri summe reverendi, male audirent, did it mostly, when they could not carry off totam imprecationem Iacobi in precationem the horses taken from the enemy, in order mutasse. Qua ex re v. 5, intelligit sic: to disable them for the enemies' use. abstulerunt scelus consiliorum suorum, i.e., xi. 6, 9; 2 Sam. viii. 4; 1 Chron. xviii. 4; culpa immunes se reddiderunt (vid. I. D. of the ox, Gen. xlix. 6. (Arab., idem.) Michaelis Or. Bibl., p. xxii. p. 188). Ver. 6, 7. Josh. Prof. Lee.-Pih., pres. . Constr. immed. it. med. n. Arab., pedes incidit. Nerve, i.e., cut the nerve, hamstring, 6 בְּכֹדָם אַל־תָּבֹא נַפְשִׁי בִּקְהָלָם אַל־ ,as of men or horses when taken in battle תֵּחַד כְּבֹדִי כִּי בְאַפָּם הָרְגוּ אִישׁ |