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THE

PLAYS

OF

WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE,

ACCURATELY PRINTED

FROM THE TEXT OF THE CORRECTED COPIES

LEFT BY THE LATE

GEORGE STEEVENS, ESQ., AND EDMOND MALONE, Esq.

WITH

MR. MALONE'S VARIOUS READINGS;

A SELECTION OF

EXPLANATORY AND HISTORICAL NOTES,

FROM THE MOST EMINENT COMMENTATORS;

A History of the Stage, and a Life of Shakspeare;

BY

ALEXANDER CHALMERS, F.S.A.

A NEW EDITION, IN EIGHT VOLUMES.

VOLUME III.

MERCHANT OF VENICE.

AS YOU LIKE IT.
ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL.
TAMING OF THE SHREW.
WINTER'S TALE.

LONDON:

Printed for F. C. and J. Rivington; T. Egerton; J. Cuthell; J. Scatcherd; Longman
and Co.; T. Cadell; J. and W. T. Clarke; J. Booker; J. Booth; J. Richardson;
J. M. Richardson; R. H. Evans; J. Mawman; R. Scholey; W. Earle; J. Bohn;
C. Brown; R. Pheney; Baldwin and Co.; Newman and Co.; Ogle and Co.; T. Tegg;
T. Hamilton; W. Wood; J. Sheldon; Whitmore and Fenn; Harding and Co.;
E. Edwards; W. Mason; G. Mackie; J. H. Bohte; T. Wilkie; G. and W. B. Whit-
taker; Kingsbury and Co.; Simpkin and Co; and R. Saunders: also for Deighton and
Sons, Cambridge; Wilson and Sons, York; for Stirling and Slade, A. Black, P. Brown,
and J. Fairbairn, Edinburgh.

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In Steevens's and Malone's editions of Shakspeare, the reader will find a distinct epitome of the novels from which the story of this play is supposed to be taken. It should, however, be remembered, that if our poet was at all indebted to the Italian novelists, it must have been through the medium of some old translation, which has hitherto escaped the researches of his most industrious

editors.

It appears from a passage in Stephen Gosson's School of Abuse, &c. 1579, that a play, comprehending the distinct plots of Shakspeare's Merchant of Venice, had been exhibited long before he commenced a writer, viz. "The Jew shown at the Bull, representing the greediness of worldly choosers, and the bloody minds of usurers."- "These plays," says Gosson, (for he mentions others with it) " are goode and sweete plays," &c. It is therefore not improbable that Shakspeare new-wrote his piece, on the model already mentioned, and that the elder performance, being inferior, was permitted to drop silently into oblivion.

This play of Shakspeare had been exhibited before the year 1598, as appears from Meres's Wits Treasury, where it is mentioned with eleven more of our author's pieces. It was entered on the books of the Stationers' Company, July 22, in the same year. It could not have been printed earlier, because it was not yet licensed. The old song of Gernutus the Jew of Venice, is published by Dr. Percy in the first volume of his Reliques of ancient English Poetry: and the ballad intituled, The murtherous Lyfe and terrible Death of the rich Jewe of Malta; and the tragedy on the same subject, were both entered on the Stationers' books, May, 1594. STEEVENS.

The story was taken from an old translation of The Gesta Romanorum, first printed by Wynkyn de Worde. The book was very popular, and Shakspeare has closely copied some of the language: an additional argument, if we wanted it, of his track of reading. Three vessels are exhibited to a lady for her choice. -The first was made of pure gold, well beset with precious stones without, and within full of dead men's bones; and thereupon was engraven this posie: Whoso chuseth me, shall find that he deserveth. The second vessel was made of fine silver, filled with earth and worms: the superscription was thus: Whoso chuseth me, shall find that his nature desireth. The third vessel was made of lead, full within of precious stones, and thereupon was insculpt this posie: Whoso chuseth me, shall find that God hath disposed for him. - The lady, after a comment upon each, chuses the leaden vessel.

In a MS. of Lidgate, belonging to my very learned friend, Dr. Askew, I find a Tale of Two Merchants of Egipt and of Baldad ex Gestis Romanorum. Leland, therefore, could not be the original author, as Bishop Tanner suspected. He lived a century after Lidgate. FARMER.

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