Legislation on Foreign Relations Through ...

(A) the care and support of children who are orphaned by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, including services designed to care for orphaned children in a family environment which rely on extended family members;

(B) improved infrastructure and institutional capacity to develop and manage education, prevention, and treatment programs, including training and the resources to collect and maintain accurate HIV surveillance data to target programs and measure the effectiveness of interventions; and (C) vaccine research and development partnership programs with specific plans of action to develop a safe, effective, accessible, preventive HIV vaccine for use throughout the world.

PARTNER

(7) COMPREHENSIVE HIV/AIDS PUBLIC-PRIVATE SHIPS.-The establishment and operation of public-private partnership entities within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and other countries affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic that are dedicated to supporting the national strategy of such countries regarding the prevention, treatment, and monitoring of HIV/AIDS. Each such public-private partnership should)

(A) support the development, implementation, and management of comprehensive HIV/AIDS plans in support of the national HIV/AIDS strategy;

(B) operate at all times in a manner that emphasizes efficiency, accountability, and results-driven programs;

(C) engage both local and foreign development partners and donors, including businesses, government agencies, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, multilateral development agencies, and faithbased organizations, to assist the country in coordinating and implementing HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and monitoring programs in accordance with its national HIV/ AIDS strategy;

(D) provide technical assistance, consultant services, financial planning, monitoring and evaluation, and research in support of the national HIV/AIDS strategy; and

(E) establish local human resource capacities for the national HIV/AIDS strategy through the transfer of medical, managerial, leadership, and technical skills.

(e) ANNUAL REPORT.

(1) IN GENERAL.-Not later than January 31 of each year, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of this section for the prior fiscal year.

(2) REPORT ELEMENTS.-Each report shall include

(A) a description of efforts made by each relevant executive branch agency to implement the policies set forth in this section, section 104B, and section 104C;

(B) a description of the programs established pursuant to such sections; and

(i)(I) the effectiveness of such programs in reducing the spread of the HIV infection, particularly in women and girls, in reducing mother-to-child transmission of the HIV infection, and in reducing mortality rates from HIV/AIDS; and

(II) the number of patients currently receiving treatment for AIDS in each country that receives assistance under this Act.

(ii) the progress made toward improving health care delivery systems (including the training of adequate numbers of staff) and infrastructure to ensure increased access to care and treatment;

(iii) with respect to tuberculosis, the increase in the number of people treated and the increase in number of tuberculosis patients cured through each program, project, or activity receiving United States foreign assistance for tuberculosis control purposes; and

(iv) with respect to malaria, the increase in the number of people treated and the increase in number of malaria patients cured through each program, project, or activity receiving United States foreign assistance for malaria control purposes.

(f) FUNDING LIMITATION.-Of the funds made available to carry out this section in any fiscal year, not more than 7 percent may be used for the administrative expenses of the United States Agency for International Development in support of activities described in section 104(c), this section, section 104B, and section 104C. Such amount shall be in addition to other amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:

(1) AIDS.-The term "AIDS" means acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

(2) HIV.-The term "HIV" means the human immunodeficiency virus, the pathogen that causes AIDS.

(3) HIV/AIDS.-The term "HIV/AIDS" means, with respect to an individual, an individual who is infected with HIV or living with AIDS.

(4) RELEVANT EXECUTIVE BRANCH AGENCIES.-The term "relevant executive branch agencies" means the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Health and Human Services (including its agencies and offices), and any other department or agency of the United States that participates in international HIV/AIDS activities pursuant to the authorities of such department or agency or this Act.

SEC. 104B.34 ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT TUBERCULOSIS.

(a) FINDINGS.-Congress makes the following findings:

(1) Congress recognizes the growing international problem of tuberculosis and the impact its continued existence has on those countries that had previously largely controlled the dis

ease.

34 22 U.S.C. 2151b-3. Sec. 302(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-25; 117 Stat. 711) added sec. 104B.

(2) Congress further recognizes that the means exist to control and treat tuberculosis through expanded use of the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) treatment strategy, including DOTS-Plus to address multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, and adequate investment in newly created mechanisms to increase access to treatment, including the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility established in 2001 pursuant to the Amsterdam Declaration to Stop TB and the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development.

(b) POLICY.-It is a major objective of the foreign assistance program of the United States to control tuberculosis, including the detection of at least 70 percent of the cases of infectious tuberculosis, and the cure of at least 85 percent of the cases detected, not later than December 31, 2005, in those countries classified by the World Health Organization as among the highest tuberculosis burden, and not later than December 31, 2010, in all countries in which the United States Agency for International Development has established development programs.

(c) AUTHORIZATION.-To carry out this section and consistent with section 104(c), the President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as the President may determine, for the prevention, treatment, control, and elimination of tuberculosis.

(d) COORDINATION.-In carrying out this section, the President shall coordinate with the World Health Organization, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and other organizations with respect to the development and implementation of a comprehensive tuberculosis control program.

(e) PRIORITY TO DOTS COVERAGE.-In furnishing assistance under subsection (c), the President shall give priority to activities that increase Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) coverage and treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis where needed using DOTS-Plus, including funding for the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility, the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership, and the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. In order to meet the requirement of the preceding sentence, the President should ensure that not less than 75 percent of the amount made available to carry out this section for a fiscal year should be expended for antituberculosis drugs, supplies, direct patient services, and training in diagnosis and treatment for Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) coverage and treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis using DOTS-Plus, including substantially increased funding for the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility. (f) DEFINITIONS.-In this section:

(1) DOTS.-The term "DOTS" or "Directly Observed Treatment Short-course" means the World Health Organization-recommended strategy for treating tuberculosis.

(2) DOTS-PLUS.-The term "DOTS-Plus" means a comprehensive tuberculosis management strategy that is built upon and works as a supplement to the standard DOTS strategy, and which takes into account specific issues (such as use of second line anti-tuberculosis drugs) that need to be addressed in areas where there is high prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

(3) GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR TUBERCULOSIS DRUG DEVELOPMENT.-The term "Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development" means the public-private partnership that brings together leaders in health, science, philanthropy, and private industry to devise new approaches to tuberculosis and to ensure that new medications are available and affordable in high tuberculosis burden countries and other affected countries.

(4) GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS DRUG FACILITY.-The term “Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility (GDF)" means the new initiative of the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership to increase access to highquality tuberculosis drugs to facilitate DOTS expansion.

(5) STOP TUBERCULOSIS PARTNERSHIP.-The term "Stop Tuberculosis Partnership" means the partnership of the World Health Organization, donors including the United States, high tuberculosis burden countries, multilateral agencies, and nongovernmental and technical agencies committed to short- and long-term measures required to control and eventually eliminate tuberculosis as a public health problem in the world.

SEC. 104C.35 ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT MALARIA.

(a) FINDING.-Congress finds that malaria kills more people annually than any other communicable disease except tuberculosis, that more than 90 percent of all malaria cases are in sub-Saharan Africa, and that children and women are particularly at risk. Congress recognizes that there are cost-effective tools to decrease the spread of malaria and that malaria is a curable disease if promptly diagnosed and adequately treated.

(b) POLICY.-It is a major objective of the foreign assistance program of the United States to provide assistance for the prevention, control, and cure of malaria.

(d) COORDINATION.-In carrying out this section, the President shall coordinate with the World Health Organization, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, the Department of Health and Human Services (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health), and other organizations with respect to the development and implementation of a comprehensive malaria control program.

Sec. 105.36 Education and Human Resources Development.-(a) 37 In order to reduce illiteracy, to extend basic education, and to increase manpower training in skills related to development, the President is authorized to furnish assistance on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for education, public administration, and human resource development. There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for the purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes,

35 22 U.S.C. 2151b-4. Sec. 303(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-25; 117 Stat. 711) added sec. 104C. 36 22 U.S.C. 2151c. Sec. 2(3) of the FA Act of 1973 added sec. 105.

37 Sec. 305 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) added subsection designation “(a)" and new subsecs. (b) and (c).

$180,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $180,000,000 for fiscal year 1987, which are authorized to remain available until expended.38 (b) 37, 39 Assistance provided under this section shall be used primarily to expand and strengthen nonformal education methods, especially those designed to improve productive skills of rural families and the urban poor and to provide them with useful information; to increase the relevance of formal education systems to the needs of the poor, especially at the primary level, through reform of curricula, teaching materials, and teaching methods, and improved teacher training; and to strengthen the management capabilities of institutions which enable the poor to participate in development. Assistance under this section shall also be provided for advanced education and training of people of developing countries in such disciplines as are required for planning and implementation of public and private development activities.40

38 The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were added by sec. 306 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). Authorizations for recent years include fiscal year 1975-$92,000,000; fiscal year 1976$89,200,000; fiscal year 1977-$101,800,000; fiscal year 1978-$84,900,000; fiscal year 1979$126.244.000; fiscal year 1980-$105,000,000; fiscal year 1981-$101,000,000; fiscal year 1982$103,600,000; fiscal year 1983-$103,600,000; fiscal year 1984-$121,477,000; fiscal year 1985no authorization; fiscal years 1988 through 2005-no authorization.

Sec. 562 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 Stat. 2026), added a new chapter 10 to part I of this Act, providing for long-term development in sub-Saharan Africa, and made conforming amendments by striking out para. designation “(1)” and by striking out para. (2). Para. (2), previously added by sec. 201 of Public Law 99-440 (100 Stat. 1094), formerly read as follows:

2 Axi) Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section for the fiscal years 1987, 1988, and 1989, not less than $4,000,000 shall be used in each such fiscal year to finance education, training, and scholarships for the victims of apartheid, including teachers and other educational professionals, who are attending universities and colleges in South Africa. Amounts available to carry out this subparagraph shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of section 802(c) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985. *) Funds made available for each such fiscal year for purposes of chapter 4 of part II of this Act may be used to finance such education, training, and scholarships in lieu of an equal amount made available under this subparagraph.

B1) In addition to amounts used for purposes of subparagraph (A), the agency primarily responsible for administering this part, in collaboration with other appropriate departments or agencies of the United States, shall use assistance provided under this section or chapter 4 of part II of this Act to finance scholarships for students pursuing secondary school education in South Africa. The selection of scholarship recipients shall be by a nationwide panel or by regional panels appointed by the United States chief of diplomatic mission to South Africa.

* Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section and chapter 4 of part II of this Act for the fiscal years 1987, 1988, and 1989, up to an aggregate of $1,000,000 may be used in each such fiscal year for purposes of this subparagraph.

Ci) In addition to the assistance authorized in subparagraph (A), the agency primarily responsible for administering this part shall provide assistance for in-service teacher training programs in South Africa through such nongovernmental organizations as TOPS or teachers'

unions.

u) of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section and chapter 4 of part II of this Act, up to an aggregate of $500,000 for the fiscal year 1987 and up to an aggregate of $1,000,000 for the fiscal year 1988 may be used for purposes of this subparagraph, subject to standard procedures for project review and approval.”.

Sec. 103(b) of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96–53; 93 Stat. 360) added this sentence.

*Sec. 122 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat 366) repealed subsec. (c), which authorized funds during fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 1978 for the southern African student program and the southern African training program.

« Înapoi Continuă »

Cărți