Chapter 12-Support for the Economic and Political Independence of the Countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia 660

SEC. 499.661 UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE TO PROMOTE RECONCILIATION AND RECOVERY FROM REGIONAL CONFLICTS.

(a) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE.-The purposes of assistance under this section include

(1) the creation of the basis for reconciliation between belligerents;

(2) the promotion of economic development in areas of the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia impacted by civil conflict and war; and

(3) the encouragement of broad regional cooperation among countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia that have been destabilized by internal conflicts.

(b) AUTHORIZATION FOR ASSISTANCE.

(1) IN GENERAL.-To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide humanitarian assistance and economic reconstruction assistance for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to support the activities described in subsection (c).

(2) DEFINITION OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE. - In this subsection, the term "humanitarian assistance" means assistance to meet humanitarian needs, including needs for food, medicine, medical supplies and equipment, education, and clothing. (c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (b) include

(1) providing for the humanitarian needs of victims of the conflicts;

(2) facilitating the return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes; and

(3) assisting in the reconstruction of residential and economic infrastructure destroyed by war.

SEC. 499A.662 ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE.

(a) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE. -The purpose of assistance under this section is to foster economic growth and development, including the conditions necessary for regional economic cooperation, in the South Caucasus and Central Asia.

of

(b) AUTHORIZATION FOR ASSISTANCE.—To carry out the purpose subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide assistance for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to support the activities described in subsection (c).

(c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-In addition to the activities described in section 498, activities supported by assistance under subsection (b) should support the development of the structures and means necessary for the growth of private sector economies based upon market principles.

660 Sec. 596(b) of the Silk Road Strategy Act of 1999 (sec. 596 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000; H.R. 3422, enacted by ref erence in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535) added chapter 12 to part I of this Act.

661 22 U.S.C. 2296.

662 22 U.S.C. 2296a.

SEC. 499B.663 DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE.

(a) PURPOSE OF PROGRAMS.-The purposes of programs under this section include

(1) to develop the physical infrastructure necessary for regional cooperation among the countries of the South Čaucasus and Central Asia; and

(2) to encourage closer economic relations and to facilitate the removal of impediments to cross-border commerce among those countries and the United States and other developed nations.

(b) AUTHORIZATION FOR PROGRAMS.-To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), the following types of programs for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia may be used to support the activities described in subsection (c):

(1) Activities by the Export-Import Bank to complete the review process for eligibility for financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945.

(2) The provision of insurance, reinsurance, financing, or other assistance by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

(3) Assistance under section 661 of this Act (relating to the Trade and Development Agency).

(c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-Activities that may be supported by programs under subsection (b) include promoting actively the participation of United States companies and investors in the planning, financing, and construction of infrastructure for communications, transportation, including air transportation, and energy and trade including highways, railroads, port facilities, shipping, banking, insurance, telecommunications networks, and gas and oil pipelines.

SEC. 499C.664 BORDER CONTROL ASSISTANCE.

(a) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE.-The purpose of assistance under this section includes the assistance of the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to secure their borders and implement effective controls necessary to prevent the trafficking of illegal narcotics and the proliferation of technology and materials related to weapons of mass destruction (as defined in section 2332a(c)(2) of title 18, United States Code), and to contain and inhibit transnational organized criminal activities.

(b) 665 AUTHORIZATION FOR ASSISTANCE.-To carry out the purpose of subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide assist

663 22 U.S.C. 2296b.

664 22 U.S.C. 2296c.

665 Sec. 516 of the Security Assistance Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-280; 114 Stat. 859) provided the following:

"SEC. 516. BORDER SECURITY AND TERRITORIAL INDEPENDENCE.

(a) GUUAM COUNTRIES AND ARMENIA.-For the purpose of carrying out section 499C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and assisting GUUAM countries and Armenia to strengthen national control of their borders and to promote the independence and territorial sovereignty of such countries, the following amounts are authorized to be made available for fiscal years 2001 and 2002:

*(1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 are of the amounts made available under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763).

Continued

ance to the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia to support the activities described in subsection (c).

(c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (b) include assisting those countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia in developing capabilities to maintain national border guards, coast guard, and customs controls.

SEC. 499D.666 STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY, TOLERANCE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY.

(a) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE.-The purpose of assistance under this section is to promote institutions of democratic government and to create the conditions for the growth of pluralistic societies, including religious tolerance and respect for internationally recognized human rights.

(b) AUTHORIZATION FOR ASSISTANCE.-To carry out the purpose of subsection (a), the President is authorized to provide the following types of assistance to the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia:

(1) Assistance for democracy building, including programs to strengthen parliamentary institutions and practices.

(2) Assistance for the development of nongovernmental organizations.

(3) Assistance for development of independent media.

(4) Assistance for the development of the rule of law, a strong independent judiciary, and transparency in political practice and commercial transactions.

(5) International exchanges and advanced professional training programs in skill areas central to the development of civil society.

(6) Assistance to promote increased adherence to civil and political rights under section 116(e) of this Act.

(c) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.-Activities that may be supported by assistance under subsection (b) include activities that are designed to advance progress toward the development of democracy.

SEC. 499E.667 ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES.

(a) ASSISTANCE THROUGH GOVERNMENTS AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. —Assistance under this chapter may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental organizations.

(b) USE OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUNDS.-Except as otherwise provided, any funds that have been allocated under chapter 4 of part II for assistance for the independent states of the former Soviet

"(2) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 of the amounts made available under chapter 9 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 301.

“(3) $500,000 for fiscal year 2001 and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 of the amounts made available to carry out chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347 et seq.).

"(4) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 and $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 of the amounts made available to carry out chapter 8 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act.

“(b) GUUAM COUNTRIES DEFINED. - In this section, the term 'GUUAM countries' means the group of countries that signed a protocol on quadrilateral cooperation on November 25, 1997, together with Uzbekistan.".

666 22 U.S.C. 2296d.

667 22 U.S.C. 2296e.

Union may be used in accordance with the provisions of this chap

ter.

(c) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.-Assistance under this chapter shall be provided on such terms and conditions as the President may determine.

(d) AVAILABLE AUTHORITIES.-The authority in this chapter to provide assistance for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia is in addition to the authority to provide such assistance under the FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5801 et seq.) or any other Act, and the authorities applicable to the provision of assistance under chapter 11 may be used to provide assistance under this chapter.

SEC. 499F.668 DEFINITIONS.

In this chapter:

(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.-The term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives.

(2) COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA. The term "countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia" means Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

PART II 669

Chapter 1-Policy 670

Sec. 501.671 Statement of Policy.-The Congress of the United States reaffirms the policy of the United States to achieve international peace and security through the United Nations so that armed force shall not be used except for individual or collective self-defense. The Congress hereby finds that the efforts of the United States and other friendly countries to promote peace and security continue to require measures of support based upon the principle of effective self-help and mutual aid. It is the purpose of this part to authorize measures in the common defense against internal and external aggression, including the furnishing of military assistance, upon request, to friendly countries and international organizations. In furnishing such military assistance, it remains the policy of the United States to continue to exert maximum efforts to achieve universal control of weapons of mass destruction and universal regulation and reduction of armaments, including armed forces, under adequate safeguards to protect complying countries against violation and invasion.

668 22 U.S.C. 2296f.

669 Sec. 594(a) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102-391; 106 Stat. 1692), inserted a chapter 12 at the end of Part I, preceding this note, to provide for the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative. Sec. 602(b) of the Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-549; 106 Stat. 3669), struck out this amendment, however, and inserted "Part IV-Enterprise for the Americas Initiative" beginning at sec. 701 of this Act.

670 Sec. 201(a) of the FA Act of 1963 struck out the words "Short Title and" in the chapter heading which formerly read "Short Title and Policy".

671 22 U.S.C. 2301. Former sec. 502 was designated sec. 501 by sec. 201(a)(1) of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137). Former sec. 501, which related to the short title, was repealed by sec. 201(b) of the FA Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205).

The Congress recognizes that the peace of the world and the security of the United States are endangered so long as hostile countries 672 continue by threat of military action, by the use of economic pressure, and by internal subversion, or other means to attempt to bring under their domination peoples now free and independent and continue to deny the rights of freedom and selfgovernment to peoples and countries once free but now subject to such domination.

It is the sense of the Congress that an important contribution toward peace would be made by the establishment under the Organization of American States of an international military force.

In enacting this legislation, it is therefore the intention of the Congress to promote the peace of the world and the foreign policy, security, and general welfare of the United States by fostering an improved climate of political independence and individual liberty, improving the ability of friendly countries and international organizations to deter or, if necessary, defeat 673 aggression, facilitating arrangements for individual and collective security, assisting friendly countries to maintain internal security, and creating an environment of security and stability in the developing friendly countries essential to their more rapid social, economic, and political progress. The Congress urges that all other countries able to contribute join in a common undertaking to meet the goals stated in this part.

It is the sense of the Congress that in the administration of this part priority shall be given to the needs of those countries in danger of becoming victims of 674 aggression or in which the internal security is threatened by internal subversion inspired or supported by hostile countries.

Finally, the Congress reaffirms its full support of the progress of the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization toward increased cooperation in political, military, and economic affairs. In particular, the Congress welcomes the steps which have been taken to promote multilateral programs of coordinated procurement, research, development, and production of defense articles and urges that such programs be expanded to the fullest extent possible to further the defense of the North Atlantic area.

Sec. 502.675 Utilization of Defense Articles and Services.Defense articles and defense services 676 to any country shall be furnished solely for internal security (including for antiterrorism and nonproliferation purposes),677 for legitimate self-defense, to

672 Sec. 705(1)(A) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 Stat. 2317) struck out "international communism and the countries it controls" and inserted in lieu thereof "hostile countries".

673 Sec. 705(1)(B) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 Stat. 2317) struck out "Communist or Communist-supported" from this point.

674 Sec. 705(1)(C) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 Stat. 2317) struck out "active Communist or Communist-supported aggression or those countries in which the internal security is threatened by Communist-inspired or Communist-supported internal subversion." and inserted in lieu thereof "aggression or in which the internal security is threatened by internal subversion inspired or supported by hostile countries.". This paragraph was added originally by sec. 201(a)(2) of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137).

675 22 U.S.C. 2302. Former subsec. (a) of sec. 505 was redesignated sec. 502 by sec. 201(d)(1) of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137).

676 The words to this point were substituted for "Utilization of Assistance. -(a) Military assistance" by sec. 201(d)(2) of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137).

677 Sec. 701 of the Security Assistance Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-280; 114 Stat. 861) inserted "(including for antiterrorism and nonproliferation purposes)" after "internal security".