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paragraph (2), that are supported by the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) to enhance the economic development of the member states forming that regional institution.

(2) SECTORS.-The sectors with respect to which assistance may be provided under this subsection are the following: transportation; manpower development; agriculture and natural resources; energy (including the improved utilization of electrical power sources which already exist in the member states and offer the potential to swiftly reduce the dependence of those states on South Africa for electricity); and industrial development and trade (including private sector initiatives).

(3) RELATION TO DFA POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES.-To the maximum extent feasible, the assistance authorized by this subsection shall be provided consistent with the policies and authorities contained in the preceding subsection of this section.

Sec. 497.629 Authorizations of Appropriations for the Development Fund for Africa.-Funds appropriated to carry out this chapter are authorized to be made available until expended. It is the sense of the Congress that the authority of this subsection 630

22 U.S.C. 2294.

Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 2005. Instead, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2005 (division D of Public Law 108-447), waived the requirements for authorization, and title II of that Act (118 Stat. 2809) provided the following:

"UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

"CHILD SURVIVAL AND HEALTH PROGRAMS FUND

“(INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of chapters 1 and 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, for child survival, health, and family planning/reproductive health activities, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $1,550,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2006: Provided, That this amount shall be made available for such activities as: (1) immunization programs; (2) oral rehydration programs; (3) health, nutrition, water and sanitation programs which directly address the needs of mothers and children, and related education programs; (4) assistance for children displaced or orphaned by causes other than AIDS; (5) programs for the prevention, treatment, control of, and research on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, polio, malaria, and other infectious diseases, and for assistance to communities severely affected by HIV/AIDS, including children displaced or orphaned by AIDS; and (6) family planning/reproductive health: Provided further, That none of the funds appropriated under this heading may be made available for nonproject assistance, except that funds may be made available for such assistance for ongoing health activities: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, not to exceed $250,000, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, may be used to monitor and provide oversight of child survival, maternal and family planning/reproductive health, and infectious disease programs: Provided further, That the following amounts should be allocated as follows: $345,000,000 for child survival and maternal bealth, $30,000,000 for vulnerable children; $350,000,000 for HIV/AIDS including not less than $30,000,000 to support the development of microbicides as a means for combating HIV/AIDS; $200,000,000 for other infectious diseases; and $375,000,000 for family planning/reproductive health, including in areas where population growth threatens biodiversity or endangered speces: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, and in addition to funds allocated under the previous proviso, not less than $250,000,000 shall be made available, notwithstanding any other provision of law, except for the United States Leadership Against HIV AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-25), for a United States contribution to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the 'Global Fund'), and shall be expended at the minimum rate necessary to make timely payment for projects and activities: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading in the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2004, that were withheld from obligation to the Global Fund, not less than $87,800,000 shall be made available to the Global Fund, notwithstanding section 202(d)(4) of Public Law 108-25 which required such withholding from the Global Fund in fiscal year 2004: Provided further, That the funds made available in the previous proviso shall be subject to any withholding required by section 202(d)(4) of Public Law 108-25 for contributions made to the Global Fund in fiscal year 2005: Provided Continued

further, That up to 5 percent of the aggregate amount of funds made available to the Global Fund in fiscal year 2005 may be made available to the United States Agency for International Development for technical assistance related to the activities of the Global Fund: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading that are available for HIV/AIDS programs and activities, not less than $27,000,000 should be made available for the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, $65,000,000 should be made available for a United States contribution to The Vaccine Fund, and up to $6,000,000 may be transferred to and merged with funds appropriated by this Act under the heading 'Operating Expenses of the United States Agency for International Development' for costs directly related to international health, but funds made available for such costs may not be derived from amounts made available for contribution under this and preceding provisos: Provided further, That none of the funds made available in this Act nor any unobligated balances from prior appropriations may be made available to any organization or program which, as determined by the President of the United States, supports or participates in the management of a program of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization: Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this Act may be used to pay for the performance of abortion as a method of family planning or to motivate or coerce any person to practice abortions: Provided further, That nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to alter any existing statutory prohibitions against abortion under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this Act may be used to lobby for or against abortion: Provided further, That in order to reduce reliance on abortion in developing nations, funds shall be available only to voluntary family planning projects which offer, either directly or through referral to, or information about access to, a broad range of family planning methods and services, and that any such voluntary family planning project shall meet the following requirements: (1) service providers or referral agents in the project shall not implement or be subject to quotas, or other numerical targets, of total number of births, number of family planning acceptors, or acceptors of a particular method of family planning (this provision shall not be construed to include the use of quantitative estimates or indicators for budgeting and planning purposes); (2) the project shall not include payment of incentives, bribes, gratuities, or financial reward to: (A) an individual in exchange for becoming a family planning acceptor; or (B) program personnel for achieving a numerical target or quota of total number of births, number of family planning acceptors, or acceptors of a particular method of family planning; (3) the project shall not deny any right or benefit, including the right of access to participate in any program of general welfare or the right of access to health care, as a consequence of any individual's decision not to accept family planning services; (4) the project shall provide family planning acceptors comprehensible information on the health benefits and risks of the method chosen, including those conditions that might render the use of the method inadvisable and those adverse side effects known to be consequent to the use of the method; and (5) the project shall ensure that experimental contraceptive drugs and devices and medical procedures are provided only in the context of a scientific study in which participants are advised of potential risks and benefits; and, not less than 60 days after the date on which the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development determines that there has been a violation of the requirements contained in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (5) of this proviso, or a pattern or practice of violations of the requirements contained in paragraph (4) of this proviso, the Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations a report containing a description of such violation and the corrective action taken by the Agency: Provided further, That in awarding grants for natural family planning under section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 no applicant shall be discriminated against because of such applicant's religious or conscientious commitment to offer only natural family planning; and, additionally, all such applicants shall comply with the requirements of the previous proviso: Provided further, That for purposes of this or any other Act authorizing or appropriating funds for foreign operations, export financing, and related programs, the term 'motivate', as it relates to family planning assistance, shall not be construed to prohibit the provision, consistent with local law, of information or counseling about all pregnancy options: Provided further, That to the maximum extent feasible, taking into consideration cost, timely availability, and best health practices, funds appropriated in this Act or prior appropriations Acts that are made available for condom_procurement shall be made available only for the procurement of condoms manufactured in the United States: Provided further, That information provided about the use of condoms as part of projects or activities that are funded from amounts appropriated by this Act shall be medically accurate and shall include the public health benefits and failure rates of such use.

"DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

"For necessary expenses of the United States Agency for International Development to carry out the provisions of sections 103, 105, 106, and 131, and chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, $1,460,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 2006: Provided, That $194,000,000 should be allocated for trade capacity building: Provided further, That $300,000,000 should be allocated for basic education: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading and managed by the United States Agency for International Development Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance, not less than $15,000,000 shall be made available only for programs to improve women's leadership capacity in recipient countries: Provided further, That such funds may not be made available for construction: Provided further, That of the aggregate amount of the funds appropriated by this Act that are made available for agriculture and rural development programs, $25,000,000 should be made available for plant biotechnology research and development: Provided further, That not less than $2,300,000 should be made available for core support for the International Fertilizer Develop

should be used to extend the period of availability of those funds whenever appropriate to improve the quality of assistance provided under section 496.

Chapter 11-Support for the Economic and Democratic Development of the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union 631

SEC. 498,632,633 ASSISTANCE FOR THE INDEPENDENT STATES.

The President is authorized to provide assistance to the independent states of the former Soviet Union under this chapter for the following activities:

(1) URGENT HUMANITARIAN NEEDS.-Meeting urgent humanitarian needs (including those arising from the health effects of exposure to radiation in the Chernobyl region), in particular

(A) meeting needs for medicine, medical supplies and equipment, and food, including the nutritional needs of infants such as processed baby food; and

(B) continuing efforts to rebuild from the earthquake in Armenia.

(2) 634 DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW.-Establishing a democratic and free society by fostering

(A) political, social, and economic pluralism;

(B) respect for internationally recognized human rights and the rule of law;

(C) the development of institutions of democratic governance, including electoral and legislative processes;

(D) the institution and improvement of public administration at the national, intergovernmental, regional, and local level;

(E) 634 development and support of grass-roots and nongovernmental organizations promoting democracy, the rule

ment Center: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than $20,000,000 should be made available for the American Schools and Hospitals Abroad program: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading that are made available for assistance programs for displaced and orphaned children and victims of war, not to exceed $37,500, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, may be used to monitor and provide oversight of such programs: Provided further, That funds appropriated under this heading should be made available for programs in sub-Saharan Africa to address sexual and genderbased violence: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated under this heading, $2,000,000 should be made available to develop clean water treatment activities in developing countries: Provided further, That of the funds appropriated by this Act, $100,000,000 shall be made available for drinking water supply projects and related activities.".

Relating to family planning, see also the President's Memorandum of March 28, 2001, to the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, restoring the Mexico City Policy (66 F.R. 17303).

Sec. 201 of the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 102-511; 106 Stat. 3324) added chapter 11, secs. 498-498C.

632 22 U.S.C. 2295.

633 Section 3(b) of Executive Order 12884 of December 1, 1993 (58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993), as amended, delegated to the Secretary of State those functions conferred upon the President in sec. 498. This delegation of authority is subject to the authority of the Coordinator (as established in sec. 102 of the FREEDOM Support Act; 22 U.S.C. 5812) under sec. 102 of that Act. Sec. 3 of that Executive Order ceased to be effective with enactment of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998, pursuant to sec. 1422(a)(4) (division G of Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681).

634 Sec. 4(a)(1XA) of the Russian Democracy Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-246; 116 Stat. 1514) struck out "DEMOCRACY" and inserted in lieu thereof "DEMOCRACY AND RULE OF LAW". Sec. 4 a 1B) of that Act struck out subparas. (E) and (G), relating to the development of a free and independent media and administration of justice, respectively. Sec. 4(a)(1)(C) redesignated subpara. (F) as subpara. (I), and sec. 4(a)(1)(D) added new subparas. (E) through (H). Lastly, sec. 4(AX1XE) added a new subpara. (J).

of law, transparency, and accountability in the political process, including grants in small amounts to such organizations;

(F) 634 international exchanges and other forms of public diplomacy to promote greater understanding on how democracy, the public policy process, market institutions, and an independent judiciary function in Western societies;

(G) 634 political parties and coalitions committed to promoting democracy, human rights, and economic reforms; (H) 634 support for civic organizations committed to promoting human rights;

(I) 634 the development of effective control by elected civilian officials over, and the development of a nonpolitical officer corps in, the military and security forces; and

(J) 634 strengthened administration of justice through programs and activities carried out in accordance with section 498B(e), including—

(i) support for nongovernmental organizations, civic organizations, and political parties that favor a strong and independent judiciary;

(ii) support for local organizations that work with judges and law enforcement officials in efforts to achieve a reduction in the number of pretrial detainees; and

(iii) support for the creation of legal associations or groups that provide training in human rights and advocacy, public education with respect to human rightsrelated laws and proposed legislation, and legal assistance to persons subject to improper government interference.

(3) 635 INDEPENDENT MEDIA. -Developing free and independent media, including

(A) supporting all forms of independent media reporting, including print, radio, and television;

(B) providing special support for, and unrestricted public access to, nongovernmental Internet-based sources of information, dissemination and reporting, including providing technical and other support for web radio services, providing computers and other necessary resources for Internet connectivity and training new Internet users in nongovernmental civic organizations on methods and uses of Internet-based media; and

(C) training in journalism, including investigative journalism techniques that educate the public on the costs of corruption and act as a deterrent against corrupt officials. (4) FREE MARKET SYSTEMS.-Creating and developing private enterprise and free market systems based on the principle of private ownership of property, including—

635 Sec. 4(a)(2) of the Russian Democracy Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-246; 116 Stat. 1514) redesignated paras. (3) through (13) as paras. (4) through (14), respectively, and added a new para. (3). Previously, reference to independent media appeared in sec. 498(2)(E), also struck out by the Russian Democracy Act of 2002. See preceding footnote.

(A) the development of private cooperatives, credit unions, and labor unions;

(B) the improvement in the collection and analysis of statistical information;

(C) the reform and restructuring of banking and financial systems; and

(D) the protection of intellectual property.

(5) TRADE AND INVESTMENT.-Creating conditions that promote trade and investment, and encouraging participation of the United States private sector in the development of the private sector in the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

(6) FOOD DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION.-Promoting market-based mechanisms for the distribution of the inputs necessary to agricultural production and for the handling, marketing, storage, and processing of agricultural commodities; encouraging policies that provide incentives for agricultural production; and creating institutions that provide technical and financial support for the agricultural sector.

(7) HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. - Promoting programs to strengthen and build institutions that provide quality health care and voluntary family planning services, housing, and other services and policies that are components of a social safety net, particularly for infants, children, and people with disabilities.

(8) EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION. - Promoting broad-based educational reform at all levels, in particular

(A) by assisting the development of curricula and by making available textbooks, other educational materials, and appropriate telecommunications technologies for the delivery of educational and instructional programming; and

(B) by assisting the development of the skills necessary to produce educational television programs aimed at promoting basic skills and the human values associated with a democratic society and a free market economy.

(9) ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION.-Promoting market-based pricing policies and the transfer of technologies that reduce energy wastage and harmful emissions; supporting developmentally sound capital energy projects that utilize United States advanced coal technologies; and promoting efficient production, use, and transportation of oil, gas, coal, and other sources of energy.

(10) CIVILIAN NUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETY.—Implementing—

(A) a program of short-term safety upgrade of civilian nuclear power plants, including the training of power plant personnel, implementation of improved procedures for nuclear power plant operation, the development of effective and independent regulatory authorities, and cost-effective hardware upgrades; and

(B) a program to retire those civilian nuclear power plants whose capacity could be more cost-effectively replaced through energy efficiency.

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