SUBTITLE D-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 378

SEC. 258.379 REPORT.

(a) IN GENERAL.-Not later than June 30, 2006, and each June 30 thereafter, the Administrator of the Agency, acting through the Director of the office, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that contains a detailed description of the implementation of this title for the previous fiscal year.

(b) CONTENTS.-The report shall contain the following:

(1) The number of grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, contributions, or other form of assistance provided under section 252, with a listing of

(A) the amount of each grant, cooperative agreement, contract, contribution, or other form of assistance;

(B) the name of each recipient and each developing country with respect to which projects or activities under the grant, cooperative agreement, contract, contribution, or other form of assistance were carried out; and

(C) a listing of the number of countries receiving assistance authorized by section 252.

(2) The results of the monitoring system required under section 253.

(3) The process of developing and applying poverty assessment procedures required under section 254.

(4) The percentage of assistance furnished under section 252 that was allocated to the very poor based on the data collected using the certified methods required by section 254.

(5) The estimated number of the very poor reached with assistance provided under section 252.

(6) The amount of assistance provided under section 252 through central mechanisms.

(7) The name of each country that receives assistance under section 256 and the amount of such assistance.

(8) Information on the efforts of the Agency to ensure that recipients of United States microenterprise and microfinance development assistance work closely with nongovernmental organizations and foreign governments to identify and assist victims or potential victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and women who are victims of or susceptible to other forms of exploitation and violence.

(9) Any additional information relating to the provision of assistance authorized by this title, including the use of the poverty measurement tools required by section 254, or additional information on assistance provided by the United States to support microenterprise development under this title or any other provision of law.

(10) An estimate of the percentage of beneficiaries of assistance under this title in countries where a strong relationship between poverty and race or ethnicity has been demonstrated. (11) The level of funding provided through contracts, the level of funding provided through grants, contracts, and cooper

Sec. 6 of the Microenterprise Results and Accountability Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-484; 119 Stat 3922) added subtitle D, secs. 258 and 259. 22 U.S.C. 2214.

ative agreements that is estimated to be subgranted or subcontracted, as the case may be, to direct service providers, and an analysis of the comparative cost-effectiveness and sustainability of projects carried out under these mechanisms.

(c) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.-The report required by this section shall be made available to the public on the Internet website of the Agency.

SEC. 259.380 DEFINITIONS.

In this title:

(1) ADMINISTRATOR.-The term "Administrator" means the Administrator of the Agency.

(2) AGENCY.-The term "Agency" means the United States Agency for International Development.

(3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.-The term "appropriate congressional committees" means the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

(4) BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES.-The term "business development services" means support for the growth of microenterprises through training, technical assistance, marketing assistance, improved production technologies, and other related services.

(5) DIRECTOR.-The term "Director" means the Director of the office.

(6) IMPLEMENTING PARTNER ORGANIZATION.-The term "implementing partner organization" means an entity eligible to receive assistance under this title which is

(A) a United States or an indigenous private voluntary organization;

(B) a United States or an indigenous credit union;

(C) a United States or an indigenous cooperative organization;

(D) an indigenous governmental or nongovernmental organization;

(E) a microenterprise institution;

(F) a microfinance institution; or

(G) a practitioner institution.

(7) MICROENTERPRISE INSTITUTION.-The term "microenterprise institution" means a not-for-profit entity that provides services, including microfinance, training, or business development services, for microenterprise clients in foreign countries. (8) MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION.-The term "microfinance institution" means a not-for-profit entity or a regulated financial intermediary that directly provides, or works to expand, the availability of credit, savings, and other financial services to microfinance and microenterprise clients in foreign countries.

(9) MICROFINANCE NETWORK.-The term "microfinance network" means an affiliated group of practitioner institutions that provides services to its members, including financing, technical assistance, and accreditation, for the purpose of promoting the financial sustainability and societal impact of microenterprise assistance.

380 22 U.S.C. 2214a.

(10) OFFICE.-The term "office" means the office of microenterprise development established under section 252(b)(1).

(11) PRACTITIONER INSTITUTION.-The term "practitioner institution" means a not-for-profit entity or a regulated financial intermediary, including a microfinance network, that provides services, including microfinance, training, or business development services, for microfinance and microenterprise clients, or provides assistance to microenterprise institutions in foreign countries.

(12) PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION.—The term "private voluntary organization" means a not-for-profit entity that

(A) engages in and supports activities of an economic or social development or humanitarian nature for citizens in foreign countries; and

MICROFINANCE INSTITU

(B) is incorporated as such under the laws of the United States, including any of its states, territories or the District of Columbia, or of a foreign country. (13) UNITED STATES-SUPPORTED TION.-The term "United States-supported microfinance institution” means a financial intermediary that has received funds made available under this part for fiscal year 1980 or any subsequent fiscal year.

(14) VERY POOR.-The term "very poor" means those individuals

(A) living in the bottom 50 percent below the poverty line established by the national government of the country in which those individuals live; or

(B) living on less than the equivalent of $1 per day (as calculated using the purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate method).

Title VII-Evaluation of Programs 381 * * * [Repealed-1978]

Title VIII-Southeast Asia Multilateral and Regional Programs 382 * * * [Repealed-1978]

Title IX-Utilization of Democratic Institutions in Development 383 Sec. 281,384 Utilization of Democratic Institutions in Development.—(a) 385 In carrying out programs authorized in this chapter and chapter 1,386 emphasis shall be placed on assuring maximum participation in the task of economic development on the part of the people of the developing countries, through the encouragement of democratic private and local governmental institutions. (b) 385 In order to carry out the purposes of this title, programs under this chapter and chapter 1386 shall—

Title VII, as added by the FA Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205), was repealed by sec. 102 g 1A) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95– 424, 92 Stat. 942).

Title VIII, as added by the FA Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-583), was repealed by sec. 102 g 1A) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 942). Sec. 106 of the FA Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-583) added title IX.

36422 U.S.C. 2218. Sec. 106 of the FA Act of 1966 (Public Law 89–583) added sec. 281.

Sec. 108 of the FA Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137) inserted subsec. designation “(a)” and added subsecs. (b), (c) and (d).

*Sec. 102(g)2XA) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424, 92 Stat. 942) inserted "and chapter 1".

(1) recognize the differing needs, desires, and capacities of the people of the respective developing countries and areas;

(2) use the intellectual resources of such countries and areas in conjunction with assistance provided under this Act so as to encourage the development of indigenous institutions that meet their particular requirements for sustained economic and social progress; and

(3) support civic education and training in skills required for effective participation in governmental and political processes essential to self-government.

(c) 385 In the allocation of funds for research under this chapter and chapter 1,386 emphasis shall be given to research designed to examine the political, social, and related obstacles to development in countries receiving assistance under part I of this Act. In particular, emphasis should be given to research designed to increase understanding of the ways in which development assistance can support democratic, social and political trends in recipient countries.387

(d) 385 Emphasis shall also be given to the evaluation of relevant past and current programs under part I of this Act and to applying this experience so as to strengthen their effectiveness in implementing the objectives of this title.

(e) 388 In order to carry out the purposes of this title, the agency primarily responsible for administering part I of this Act, shall develop systematic programs of inservice training to familiarize its personnel with the objectives of this title and to increase their knowledge of the political and social aspects of development. In addition to other funds available for such purposes, not to exceed 1 per centum of the funds authorized to be appropriated for grant assistance under this chapter and chapter 1386 may be used for carrying out the objectives of this subsection.

Title X-Programs Relating to Population Growth 389 * * * [Repealed-1978] Title XI-Food Production Targets and Reports 390 *** * [Repealed-1978]

Title XII-Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger 391

Sec. 296,391 General Provisions.-(a) 392 The Congress declares that, in order to achieve the mutual goals among nations of ensuring food security, human health, agricultural growth, trade expansion, and the wise and sustainable use of natural resources,

387 Sec. 106(a) of the FA Act of 1968 (Public Law 90-554) added the last sentence. 388 Sec. 106(b) of the FA Act of 1968 (Public Law 90-554) added subsec. (e).

389 Title X, as added by the FA Act of 1967, was repealed by sec. 104(b) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 947).

390 Title XI, as added by the FA Act of 1967, was repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424; 92 Stat. 959). 391 22 U.S.C. 2220a. Sec. 312 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849) added title XII and new sec. 296.

392 Sec. 2(a)(1) of the Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-373; 114 Stat. 1427) amended and restated the first sentence of subsec. (a). The sentence formerly read as follows:

"The Congress declares that, in order to prevent famine and establish freedom from hunger, the United States should strengthen the capacities of the United States land-grant and other eligible universities in program-related agricultural institutional development and research, consistent with sections 103 and 103A, should improve their participation in the United States Government's international efforts to apply more effective agricultural sciences to the goal of increasing world food production, and in general should provide increased and longer term support to the application of science to solving food and nutrition problems of the developing countries.".

the United States should mobilize the capacities of the United States land-grant universities, other eligible universities, and public and private partners of universities in the United States and other countries, consistent with sections 103 and 103A of this Act, for: (1) global research on problems affecting food, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; (2) improved human capacity and institutional resource development for the global application of agricultural and related environmental sciences; (3) agricultural development and trade research and extension services in the United States and other countries to support the entry of rural industries into world markets; and (4) providing for the application of agricultural sciences to solving food, health, nutrition, rural income, and environmental problems, especially such problems in low-income, food deficit countries.

The Congress so declares because it finds

(A) 393 that the establishment, endowment, and continuing support of land-grant universities in the United States by Federal, State, and county governments has led to agricultural progress with and through the private sector in this country and to understanding processes of economic development; 394

(B) 39 395 that land-grant and other universities in the United States have demonstrated over many years their ability to cooperate with international agencies, educational and research institutions in other countries, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations worldwide, in expanding global agricultural production, processing, business and trade, to the benefit of aid recipient countries and of the United States;

(C) 396 that, in a world of growing populations with rising expectations, increased food production and improved distribution, storage, and marketing in the developing countries is necessary not only to prevent hunger and ensure human health and child survival, but to build the basis for economic growth

190 Sec. 2(aX2XA) of the Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-373; 114 Stat. 1427) redesignated paras. (1) through (7) as subparas. (A) through (G), respectively. Sec. 2(a)(2)(E) of that Act struck out newly redesignated subparas. (E) and G), which had read as follows:

"E) that research, teaching, and extension activities, and appropriate institutional developnent therefor are prime factors in increasing agricultural production abroad (as well as in the Caited States) and in improving food distribution, storage, and marketing;

*G) that universities need a dependable source of Federal funding, as well as other financing, order to expand, or in some cases to continue, their efforts to assist in increasing agricultural production in developing countries.".

Sec. 2(a)2XB) of the Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-373; 114 Stat. 1427) struck out "in this country" and inserted in lieu thereof "with and through the private sector in this country and to understanding processes of economic development".

Sec. 2 ax2)(C) of the Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 2000 Public Law 106-373; 114 Stat. 1427) amended and restated subpara. (B). It formerly read as follows:

"B) that land-grant and other universities in the United States have demonstrated over many years their ability to cooperate with foreign agricultural institutions in expanding indigenous food production for both domestic and international markets;".

Sec. 2(aX2XD) of the Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger Improvement Act of 300 Public Law 106-373; 114 Stat. 1428) amended and restated subpara. (C). It formerly read as follows:

C that, in a world of growing population with rising expectations, increased food production and improved distribution, storage, and marketing in the developing countries is necessary not my to prevent hunger but to build the economic base for growth, and moreover, that the greatest potential for increasing world food supplies is in the developing countries where the gap beween food need and food supply is the greatest and current yields are lowest;".