he wore round his body. The hat seems to have been slightly grazed by the ball in that part which immediately covered his temple; but there was nothing in its appearance which could throw any light upon the nature of the wound that was inflicted; that is to say, whether it had been thus grazed by a ball entering in, or going out. The appearance of the skull, after the King's death, satisfactorily proved that the wound in the temple was made by a ball going out. Was it to be believed that a ball from the enemies' works, at the distance the King stood, would have either taken the direction of that by which he was shot, or that it would have passed entirely through the skull on both sides? Mr. Fredenheim, Knight of the Polar Star, President of the Academy of Painting and Sculpture, distinguished by his travels and historical collections, and High Steward of all the Royal Cabinets, had, at this time, the care of the matrice moulded upon the King's face. soon after he was killed. Owing to his kindness, and that of Mr. Breda, to whom Gustavus the Fourth came daily to sit for his portrait, permission was obtained for us to have a Cast taken from this matrice: it is now deposited in the University Library at Cambridge. From the appearance of this Cast, all dispute must cease as to the nature of the shot which caused the King's death; which, in the account of that event published by order of the Swedish Government, was said to have been a ball from a falconet. Voltaire, also, in his anxiety to do away the imputation that had fallen upon his countryman, Siquier, insists upon it that the ball was too large for the calibre of a pistol; whereas it is plain that the real shot was a pistol bullet. The appearance of the wound in the temple also shews that it was inflicted by a bullet going out, and slanting upwards, having entered into the lower part of the skull behind; and that the shot was directed by a private hand from behind, and did not come from the enemies' works, is obvious from this circumstance, and from the fact of the King's having drawn his sword half out of its scabbard, in the agonies of death, to immolate his assassin *. Who can read the conversation which passed between Count Liewen, the King's Page, then upon the spot, and Mr. Wraxall, without being convinced that the King was assassinated +, even if this evidence were wanted: but as it is so

"I followed the officers to the place where the King was killed. The Prince ordered the Generals and Officers who were present to place the body in a litter prepared to convey it to the head-quarters; one and twenty soldiers standing around with wax tapers in their hands. We observed that the King, in the agonies of death, had drawn his sword half out of the scabbard; and that the hilt was so tightly grasped by the right hand, as not to be disengaged without difficulty. See the Account taken from the Narrative of Philgren, a Page to the Prince of Hesse, who was that day in waiting. Coxe's Trav. into Sweden, p. 354. Lond. 1784."

+"There are now very few men alive who can speak with so much certainty as myself. I was in the camp before Frederickshall; and had the bonour to serve the King, in quality of Page, on that night when he was killed. I HAVE NO DOUBT THAT HE WAS ASSASSINATED. The night was extremely dark; and it was almost an impossibility that a ball from the fort could enter his head, at the distance, and on

nearly connected with a very important event in history, and serves to confirm Count Liewen's testimony, we have caused an accurate drawing of this Cast to be engraved, in which the nature of the wound in the right temple may be as plainly discerned as if the original had been exposed to view. The same engraving will also serve to exhibit the countenance of Charles the Twelfth with much greater accuracy than any other portrait can pretend to: it remained unaltered even in death; and displays, in a very striking manner, the haughtiness of character for which this hero was so remarkably distinguished." P. 274.

The watchmen of Stockholm carry a machine which might be adopted with advantage by our London Charlies. It is a portable trap, which being thrown round the nape of the neck, tightens itself with every fresh struggle of the prisoner. The Swedish night-cry is somewhat melancholy, but it is more poetical than our " Past ten o'clock."

Klockan är tie slagan!—

Fran eld, och brand,

Och fienden's hand,

Bevara, O Gud, den stad och land!

Klockan är tie slagan !

The clock has struck ten!

From fire, and fire-brand,

And from the enemies' hand,

Save, O God! this town and land!-
The clock has struck ten!

It was in the extreme depth of winter (December 14) that Dr. Clarke left Stockholm, on his route to Russia; the thermometer, at seven in the evening, was 21° below freezing. The winter had set in with considerable severity, and the holiday of the North was evidently beginning: instead of the ever-varying Yah so, (la sa!) which forms the constant rejoinder of a Swede to all questions and remarks, the peasants, upon hearing it observed that it was very cold, rubbed their hands with looks of joy, and replied, 66 yes, bravely cold! beautiful weather! now you may travel as fast as you please." This was the answer when Madeira, in the well of the carriage, had frozen in the bottle, and the bread glistened within like loaf sugar, and was broken by a hamOn arriving at the wretched inn of Grissehamn, on the Gulph of Bothnia, the travellers made a fruitless attempt to cross to Ekerö. The vessel on board of which they

mer.

the spot where he stood. I saw the King's body, AND AM CERTAIN THE WOUND IN HIS TEMPLE WAS MADE BY A PISTOL BULLET.' Count Liewen's Conversation with Mr. Wratall. See Coxe's Travels, &c. p. 357.”

embarked, carried much more than its proportion of canvass; the weather was tempestuous, and the crew undisciplined. At the moment in which the boat appeared to be sinking, from a sea which she had shipped, when Dr. Clarke had escaped out of the window of the carriage, and the sailors were pulling at wrong ropes, or preparing to swim, the steersman, by a daring but dexterous effort, put the helm quite about, and happily returned to port. The wind continued contrary for several days, during which there was much difficulty in procuring either fuel or provisions. Candles there were none; and it was with the utmost difficulty, even when the smoke was increased almost to suffocation, that the temperature of the apartment could be raised above the freezing point. At length, on the sixth morning, the boatmen pronounced that the weather was more favourable.

"We set sail. The morning was dark; and the shore here is so formed, that the appearance of the horizon and of the sea cannot be discerned until the land has been cleared. The sky looked fearfully red towards the east, and as fearfully black towards the west, in which quarter the wind was. We expressed our apprehensions to the boatmen; but they said that within four hours they could take us over, and that the wind would not increase within that time. Scarcely had we cleared the land, when we beheld a sea at which even our Alanders were appalled: at the same time it came on to blow with great violence, the gale gathering force at every instant. But the storm of wind was nothing, compared to the state of the sea; which having been agitated for many days, presented to our astonished boatmen mountains of boiling water. Nothing could more effectually convince us of our serious situation, than seeing the consternation of the crew. We begged them to put back, as they had done before. This they confessed they would gladly accede to, but that it was impossible: that all we could now do was, to bear up to windward, in the hope of making one of the Aland Isles, and avoid being driven into the Baltic. Within ten minutes after our danger became apparent, every hope seemed to vanish. Our interpreter, as a seaman in the East-India service, had doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and often sailed in storms in the Atlantic Ocean, but he confessed he had never beheld such a sea as was here gathered in the Aland Haf. One of the Alanders, an experienced sailor, took the helm, and made his comrades lower the foresail. The mainsail could not be dispensed with, as we were falling fast to leeward; and without bearing to windward we must inevitably perish. We continued to luff from time to time; but when the rising world of waters,' in mountain-breakers, threatened to overwhelm us, the yells of all our boatmen became a signal to the helmsman to oppose to it the stern of the vessel; and thus, letting her drive before the sea, to

fall off to leeward, being carried into a gulph of foam, which broke over both sides of our boat, and covered us with the waves. Half drowned and gasping, we saw far behind us, when we were lifted upon the tops of the billows, another boat in equal distress; and this occasionally disappeared so completely from our view, as to make us believe she had foundered; but when she hove again in sight, she was so far to windward of us that there was not the smallest chance of our being able to reach her by swimming, in case of our being upset: and we afterwards learned, that she had entirely given us over, and had enough to do in bailing the water, which filled on her lee side, to think of rendering us any assistance. The principal part of our distress was attributed, by the boatmen, to the having our carriage on board; and they reproached us on this account. Every time the vessel heeled, the weight and swing of this vehicle, propped high in the boat, made her ship more water than she would have done otherwise. We soon came

to the resolution of consigning it, with all we had, to the deep, and d gave orders to the men to heave it overboard. This was attempted; but they assured us we should sink the vessel in so doing, and abandoned the undertaking. By cutting away, however, the props upon which the carriage was supported, we contrived to lower it upon the ballast, and the vessel laboured less in consequence. Still, however, the storm increased; and the sea washed over us continually. Huddled together near the stern, we could only trust to Providence, and, in the intervals when the sea left us, watch the countenance of our undaunted helmsman. After all, we knew not how our escape was effected, being quite stupified and benumbed by our dreadful situation. All that the author could recollect of the first glimpse of hope was, that, after long struggling in endeavours to recover the vessel's lee-way, the island on which the Aland Telegraph is stationed appeared at a great distance to leeward, under the boom of the mainsail. Soon afterwards, getting another island to windward, the sea was thereby rendered somewhat more tranquil, and the boatmen set up a shout, saying, Bra! Bra!-Ingen fara! Det har ingen !'fara* After this we sailed through the Sound, and close to the shore; but could not land on account of the surf. Having passed these islands, we steered for Ekerö, the sea being much more calm; and arrived there soon after mid-day.” P. 308.

On landing in Aland every thing was changed; the ground was covered with snow, and sledges were already in use. The general cheerfulness was increased; and, in spite of our love of summer skies and western breezes, it is impossible not to feel animated by Dr. Clarke's vivid description of a widely different climate.

"Bra! is an interjectson answering to bravo! The literal meaning therefore is, Bravo Bravo! No danger! There is no danger!"

"The first day of our sledge.travelling convinced us of the folly and inconvenience of being pent in close carriages, when performing a winter-journey in such a climate. Never was any mode of travelling more delightful than this of the open sledge. In the carriage, we were always complaining of the rigours of the temperature: in the sledge, although exposed to the open air, we found no inconvenience from the utmost severity of the frost. The atmosphere was so clear and dry, that, being well clothed, the effect of it was charming. An intensity of general cheerfulness seemed to keep pace with the intensity of the season. Bril liant skies; horses neighing and prancing; peasants laughing, and singing' Fine snow! brave ice! brave winter! Merry-making in all the villages. Festival days, with unclouded suns; nights of inconceivable splendour and ineffable brightness; the glorious firmament displaying one uninterrupted flood of light, heightened by an Aurora Borealis, while boundless fields of snow reflected every ray. Add to this, the velocity with which the sledge-drawn traveller is made to fly over sea and over land; over lakes and over plains; amidst islands and rocks; through snowy groves and forests bending with the weight of glittering icicles; here winding through thick woods, there at large upon the solid mainDURUM CALCAVIMUS EQUOR;'-in the midst of scenery so novel, but withal so pleasing in the richness, the variety, and the beauty of the effect. The snow too, in itself, is not one of the least of the wonders; for though it be not seen to fall, it gradually accumu lates. It was now eight inches deep, and we had not observed a single instance of its descent. From the extreme diminution of temperature in the air, the condensed vapours were frozen into particles so minute, that, without adhering together and forming flakes, they passed imperceptibly through the clear serene atmos phere, in the state of an invisible sleet; which, when agitated by wind, rose from the ground in the form of a fine powder, and seemed as dry as the dust of the desert." P. 320.

In a single night, after a violent tempest, the sea which separated the travellers from Finland was frozen over. The ice at first, on these occasions, is so rotten that no one dares to pass and sometimes it does not become sufficiently consolidated to permit this passage during the whole winter. The waves close to the shore were fixed in all their undulating forms, as if stricken in a moment by the wand of a magician. The thermometer stood at 321° below freezing, the Zero of Fahrenheit. Dr. Clarke was thus condemned to a three day's delay in the miserable hut at Vergatta. Of the manners of his companions he has given a lively portraiture in the following account of a levee which he witnessed at Vardö just before his disappointment.