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French on the fifth of April defeated with great loss.-Retire to the Mincio.-And afterwards to the Chiese. The Austrian General, Melas, passes the Mincio with all his army.-23,000 Russian auxiliaries arrive with Marshal Suwarrow, who takes the chief command of the troops of the two emperors. Peschiera and Mantua invested. Brescia taken by the allies, who march to the Aglio, which the French abandon. Moreau succeeds in the command of the French army to Scheerer, who has become the object of public animadversion. The allied army encamps on the Adda. Distribution of the French army on that RIVER.— Dislodged therefrom on the twenty-seventh by Marshal Suwarrow. Battle of Cassano. The French compelled to fly TOWARDS MILAN, which is entered by the Austrians on the twenty-eighth. Embarrassing situation of Moreau. The plan he determines to pursue. Reduction of the fortresses of Peschiera and Pizzighitone. Plan of operations pursued by Marshal Suwarrow. Capture of the cities of TORTONA and Turin. Moreau passes the Bormida, and retreats towards Coni. Reduction of the citadels of MILAN and FerThe French driven from Ravenna. General Macdonald, with all his army, evacuates the kingdom of Naples.Crosses the Appenines.-Makes himself master of Modena, Reggio, Parma, and Placentia, but is defeated in a SERIES OF BATTLES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE TREBBIA, by Marshal Suwarrow. Moreau, who had crossed the Appenines, with a view of drawing near to Macdonald, and gained several ad vantages, on the approach of the Russian commander, retires to Genoa. Reduction of the Citadel of Turin. Insurrection of the inhabitants of Tuscany. Macdonald accomplishes his retreat, and junction with Moreau. Alexander and Mantua surrender by capitulation. Military measures taken by the new French directory. The command of the army of Italy restored to Joubert, who puts his troops in motion on the eleventh of August. Battle of Novi. Victory long doubtful; at last decided in favour of the allies. Enormous loss on both sides. Conditional capitulation of Tortona, which falls on the eleventh of September. General Suwarrow sets off for Switzerland. Coni becomes the sole object of the campaign. Capture of Ancona, and of Coni. Other places taken by the Austrians. Genoa and its small territory, the ONLY POSSESSION remaining to the French in Italy at the close of 1799."

Suwarrow's campaign in the north of Italy, though a notable event which rivetted the attention of Eu

rope at the time, has sunk into comparative oblivion, before the subsequent achievements of Napoleon. A brief abstract of the bloody tale may not therefore be superfluous, in order to set before the general reader a renewed illustration of the manner in which the vial of wrath was still poured upon the rivers, and lastly on the fountains of waters. The place is the same, and the wrath was not less than before; and the order is more definitely marked, as the full effect of the vision is told. The natural features of that singular region, which formed the field of blood towards the close of that murderous warfare, are set most vividly before our eyes, by a Marshal of France, in a manner which no verbal description could emulate. Bonaparte speedily passed along the fountains: and his battles were fought along the rivers, till he reached the farthest streams of Italy, and the passes of the Julian Alps, where these have their sources. But, reversing his course, the Russian closed his victories where those of the Corsican began; and the chart for illustrating the campaign of 1799, sets before our sight, in their due order, the fountains of waters. While war, for a time, gave to France the sovereignty of Europe, military engineering attained, in that country, a nicety and perfection previously unknown. Military maps of the seat of war require the utmost attainable accuracy; for so essential are the exact knowledge of the ground, and the means of calculating distances, that the fate of armies or of empires might possibly depend upon the accurate position, in a chart, of a single stream. The map Lombardy was the study of Napoleon, before that country had been surveyed by engineers equal to his But the Atlas from which the two accompany. ing maps are taken, was published in Paris in 1831,'

own.

Atlas des Mémoires pour servir a l'Histoire Militaire sous le Directoire, le Consulat, et l'Empire, par le Marechal Gouvion SaintCyr. Paris, 1831.

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after the long-continued possession of the country, together with every possible facility for accomplishing the task, had enabled the French engineers to define and depict the scene of so many battles, from which too the boasted glory of France took its rise. And as Bonaparte, in lording over subjugated foes, laid his exactions on Piedmont, and supported his army with the spoils of the vanquished, so even military engineering, a beautiful art for a bloody purpose, must pay its tribute, and yield the best of its fruits to sustain the cause of the gospel of Jesus, under the influence of which men shall learn war no more. For, next to the view from the summit of Montezemoto, from whence the rivers and fountains of waters are seen in actual vision, and where, from the snow-clad Alps and the opposite Appenines, such multitudes of streams glitter on each side, while the intermediate plain lies in broad perspective, thronged with new rivers, stretching forth to the farthest reach of sight, is the inspection of the military map, constructed by Marshal St. Cyr, for exemplifying the campaign of 1799, and which may be said to set us down among the fountains of waters, where, after having again passed over the rivers, the vial of wrath was that year poured out. The chart itself thus possesses an interest infinitely superior to that of a perishing memorial of glories that have perished, and which themselves were but the dream of a day. The warrior presents the believer in Jesus with a gift that will retain its value, beyond all that the sword could conquer, a visible illustration of that word which abideth for ever.

While the whole valley of the Po may be aptly designated the region of rivers, Piedmont may specially be denominated the fountains of waters. And the map, in like manner, specially illustrative of the campaign of 1799, is that of Piedmont. After an

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