Davy's and Faraday's discoveries-Magneto-electric generators -Gramme's machine-Machine of Siemens Brothers-Brush's Arc lights-The "voltaic arc "-Geissler tubes-Incandescent lights-Brockie's lamp-Brush's lamp-Siemens' lamps- Rapieff's lamp-Regulator lamps-Solignac lamp-Jabloch- koff's candle-Jamin's candle-"Lamp soleil"-Large arc lights-Regnier's and Werdermann's lamp-Joel's lamp-In- candescent lamps-Edison's incandescent lamp - Swan, Maxim, Lane-Fox, Wright, Duplex, and Gatehouse lamps- Uses of incandescent lamps-Arrangements of lamps-Accu- Power of electric current-Reversibility of dynamo machines- Siemens' electric railway-Electric tramway-Ayrton and Perry's'system-Bleach field tramway-Trouvé motor-Electric boats-Electric plough, lift, hoist and hammer-Small Temperature of light-Incandescent Siemens' electric furnace- CHAPTER XII. MISCELLANEOUS. Decomposition of water by electric current-Voltameter-Bain's meter-Electrotyping-Elkington's process-Nickel-plating- Electrolysis-Electric alarms-Thermostat-Butterfly clock PAGE 167 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. FIG. 1.-APPARATUS FOR SHOWING FRICTIONAL ELECTRICITY 2.-ORDINARY PLATE-GLASS MACHINE 3.-WIMSHURST INFLUENCE MACHINE PAGE 27 15. MAGNETIC FIELD SHOWING INDUCTION "GREAT EASTERN" LAYING TELEGRAPHIC CABLE. 30 33 16.-TELEGRAPH CIRCUIT 34 17.-VARLEY'S INSULATOR 36 18.-MORSE INK-WRITER 39 19.-MORSE INSTRUMENT 40 FIG. PAGE 35.-CARBON MICROPHONE 36.-BLAKE TRANSMITTER IN SECTION 37.-WIRE-GAUZE TRANSMITTER. 38.-TELEPHONE CIRCUIT WITH MICROPHONE TRANSMITTER 39.-BELL APPARATUS 40.-GOWER-BELL TELEPHONE 41.-DOLBEAR TELEPHONE 42.-MICROPHONE AND TELEPHONE CIRCUIT 43.-BELL PHOTOPHONE 44.-MERCADIER'S CELL 45. THE TELERADIOPHONE 46.-BIDWELL'S TELEPHOTOGRAPH 47.-DIAGRAM SHOWING PRINCIPLE OF TELEPHOTOGRAPH 48.-DIAMOND PATTERN TRANSMITTED BY TELEPHOTOGRAPH 49. THE SONOMETER 50.-INDUCTION BALANCE 51.-INDUCTION BALANCE COILS. 52. SKELETON DIAGRAM OF GENERATOR 53.-GRAMME DYNAMO-ELECTRIC GENERATOR 54.-SIEMENS' GENERATOR. 55.-BRUSH GENERATOR 63.-JABLOCHKOFF CANDLE 64.-ARRANGEMENTS FOR JABLOCHKOFF LIGHTING 65.-ELECTROPYRE OF LAMP SOLEIL 67.-REGNIER AND WERDERMANN LIGHT-GIVER 68.-JOEL LAMP 69.-EXTERNAL APPEARANCE OF JOEL LAMP 70.-EDISON INCANDESCENT LAMP 72.-ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRIC LAMPS 126 127 129 130 131 132 132 134 136 137 138 140 142 152 77.-GRISCOM MOTOR APPLIED TO A SEWING MACHINE 156 ELECTRICITY AND ITS USES. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. THE advances made in the application of electricity during the past ten years have been truly marvellous. No doubt the electric era was ushered in some forty years ago by the introduction of the telegraph, but it is only within the last decade that the telephone, the electric light, and the transmission of motive power by electricity have become matters of every day use. Moreover, we have arrived now at a point from which we can foresee a still more remarkable progress in the future. The recent electrical exhibitions at Paris and at the Crystal Palace have not only shown how much has already been done in fitting electricity for the service of mankind, but also how much remains to do. The present, therefore, is, we think, a good time for giving a popular account of electrical appliances such as they are and may yet be, especially as public interest in the subject was never higher than it is just now. In the following pages it shall be our endeavour to describe all the most important developments of electricity in plain language, as free from technical B |