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wards removed to Cappadocia, and, as it seems, once more to the Upper Thebais. His and his friends' sufferings are mentioned by many writers. When Julian came to be emperor, they had all leave to return home, in 362.

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3. He translated the Commentary of his name-sake of Cæsarea upon the Psalms out of Greek into Latin. It is the only work of his, mentioned by Jerom in the fore-cited chapter. It is not unlikely, that in the place of his exile he learned Greek: for Jerom intimates, that the translation was made during that period, and published by him after his return home. This translation is mentioned by Jerom inf two of his letters, beside what he says of it in his Catalogue: and in one of those places he says, (if he may be relied upon,) that this bishop of Vercelli left out in his translation some heretical expressions of the original. That translation is now entirely lost, as is observed by Montfauçon, in his Preliminaries to Eusebius's commentary upon the Psalms, published by him in Greek and Latin.

4. However, there are still extant some letters, or fragments of letters, supposed to be his. For a particular account of which, and some other things, I refer to divers learned moderns.

Vid. Socr. 1. iii. c. 5. Soz. l. v. cap. 12. in. Thdrt. 1. iii. c. 4. Ruf. l. i. c. 27. Interea Mediolanum convenitur, ubi tum aderat Imperator. Eadem illa contentio nihil invicem relaxabat. Tum Eusebius Vercellensium, et Lucife: a Caralis Sardiniæ, episcopi relegati. Sulp. Sev. H. E. 1. ii. cap. 39. al. 55.

Eusebius Vercellensis episcopus, et Lucifer et Dionysius Caralitanæ et Mediolanensis ecclesiæ episcopi-distantibus inter se ab Arianis, et a Constantio damnati exiliis. Hieron. Chr. p. 184.

Vid. Athanas. ad Imp. Constant. Apol. p. 312. Apol. De fugâ suâ, p. 322. B. C. Ad Monach. seu. Solitar. p. 390.

• Omnes episcopi, qui de propriis sedibus fuerant exterminati, per indulgentiam novi Principis ad ecclesias redeunt. Tunc triumphatorem suum Athanasium Egyptus excepit. Tunc Hilarium de prælio revertentem Galliarum ecclesia complexa est. Tunc ad reditum Eusebii lugubres vestes Italia mutavit. Hieron. advers. Lucif. T. iv. p. 301. in.

Sed mortuo Constantio, patrono hæreticorum, Julianus solus tenuit imperium, cujus præcepto omnes episcopi catholici de exiliis relaxantur. Faustin. et Marcell. lib. Pr. ap. Bib. PP. T. v. p. 656. B.

Apud Latinos autem Hilarius Pictaviensis, et Eusebius Vercellensis episcopus, Origenem et Eusebium transtulerunt. Ad S. Augustin. ep. 74. al. 89. T. iv. p. 627.

Sit in culpâ ejusdem confessionis Vercellensis Eusebius, qui omnium Psalmorum Commentarios hæretici hominis vertit in nostrum eloquium: licet hæretica prætermittens optima quæque transtulit. Ad Vigil. ep. 36. al. 75, T. 4. p. 276.

Hæc porro Eusebii interpretatio jam diu interiit. Nec memini me uspiam ejus vel codicem, vel fragmenta memorata deprehendisse. Prælim. in Euseb. comm. in. Ps. cap. 2. n. iii. h Vid. Cav. H. L. T. i. Fabric. ad

Hieron. de V. I. Tillem. Mem. T. vii. Du Pin. Bib. des Aut. Ec. T. ii. p. 235,

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5. There is a manuscript in the cathedral church of Vercelli, kept there with great respect, and said to have been written by Eusebius. It is mentioned by Montfaucon in his Diarium Italicum. But though he describes its condition, as worn out by time, or much injured by accidents, he does not tell us what it contains. Cave, in his article of Eusebius, has endeavoured to supply this defect, by adding from Mabillon that it contains the gospels of Matthew and Mark. Nevertheless there seems reason to think that it has the four gospels. I have not yet seen the Evangeliarium Quadruplex Latina Versionis antiquæ, seu Veteris Italicæ, published by Joseph Blanchini at Rome, in 1749, in which he has inserted the whole of this manuscript. But according to the accounts given of that work by two' journalists, the manuscripts of Vercelli has the four gospels. And they observe particularly, that it is remarkable for two various readings in St. John's gospel: one of which is an addition at chap. v. 6, the other is an omission, there being wanting the whole history of the woman spoken of, chap. viii. 1-11, and the last verse of the preceding chapter.

Ecclesiam inde Cathedralem adiimus, in cujus ærario reliquiæ insignesCodicem ibidem inspeximus in chartâ membranaceâ tenuissimâ exaratum. Aiebantque ipsâ S. Eusebii manu, qui seculo quarto floruit, descriptum, versionemque ex Græco in Latinum ab eodem adornatam. Nonnulla hinc et inde legi, comperique, versionem esse a Vulgatâ nostrâ toto cœlo discrepantem. Codex multis in partibus labefactatus putrefactusque est. Quod casu plus quam vetustate evenisse dictitabant. Narrabantque diu in flumine demersum, indeque erutum fuisse. Alium item librum eodem in sacrario repositum aiebant usui fuisse S. Eusebio Vercellensi. Sed xi. tantum seculi esse arbitror.- Montf. Diar. Ital. c. 28. p. 444, 445.

* Idem fere antea observaverat Cl. Mabillonus [It. Itai. T. i. p. 9.] qui subdit, Codicem Evangelia SS. Matthæi et Marci continere, membranam situ fere esse corruptam, &c. Hist. Lit. T. i. p. 216.

See Bibliotheque Raisonée, T. 45. P. 2. Art. x. and the Universal Librarian, Vol. i. P. i. p. 1. &c.

CHAP. XCI.

LUCIFER, BISHOP OF CAGLIARI IN SARDINIA.

1. His history, and testimony to the scriptures. II. The request of his followers, Faustinus and Marcellinus. III. A book of Faustinus concerning the Trinity.

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1. LUCIFER bishop of Cagliari, or Carali (as the ancients always write it) in Sardinia, well known in his time, and a sufferer with the fore-mentioned Eusebius in the reign of Constantius, has a place in Jerom's Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers: whose chapter therefore I transcribe below.

He seems to have been removed several times. Faustinus and Marcellinus say four times. The last place of his banishment was Thebais, where he was with the fore-mentioned Eusebius at the time of the death of Constantius. He is supposed to have diede in 370.

Athanasius, for a while at least, had a great regard' for him, and he wrote to him two letters. In the first of which he desires him to send his writings: and by his order they were translated out of Latin into Greek. Faustinus and Marcellinus express themselves, as if they had been translated by Athanasius himself.

Vid. Cav. H. L. T. i. Basnag. Ann. 362. n. xx. et alibi. Fabr. ad Hieron. de V. I. cap. 95. et Bib. Gr. T. viii. p. 402. Du Pin. Bib. des Aut. Ec. T. ii. p. 99. Tillem. Mem. T. vii.

b Lucifer Caralitanus episcopus, cum Pancratio et Hilario, Romanæ ecclesiæ clericis, ad Constantium Imperatorem a Libesi episcopo pro fide legatus missus, cum nollet sub nomine Athanasii Nicænam damnare fidem, in Palæstinam relegatus, miræ constantiæ et præparati animi ad martyrium contra Constantium scripsit librum, eique legendum misit. At non multo post sub Juliano Principe reversus Caralis, Valentiniano regnante, obiit. De V. I. cap. 95.

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-non solum in Sardiniâ, sed in ipsis quoque quatuor exiliis. Lib. Prec. ap. Bib. PP. T. v. p. 658. F.

Et post aliquot annos beatus Lucifer de quarto exilio Romam pergens, ingressus est Neapolim Campaniæ. Ib. p. 656. H.

d Vid. Socr. H. E. 1. iii. cap. 5. Soz. 1. v. c. 12. in. Vid. Hieron. Chr. p. 186.

Theodoret. 1. iii. c. 4.
Vid. Athan. Apol. de

fugâ suâ. p. 322. C. Histor. Arian. ad Monach. p. 363, 364.

Ap. Athan. Opp. p. 565, 566.

" Quos quidem libros-suspexit et Athanasius, ut veri vindices, atque in

Lucifer was always a man of a vehement temper, as appears from his books, written in the time of Constantius, and during his banishment; the titles of which I place below. And after his liberty, in the time of Julian, contrary to the sentiment of the catholic bishops in general, he went into a rigid principle, refusing, though it had been determined, in a synod at Alexandria in 352, to receive those bishops who in the reign of Constantius had in any measure complied with the Arians, or to communicate with those who received them, upon the acknowledgment of their fault. JeromTM at once represents his principle, and speaks tenderly of Lucifer himself: as does also Sulpicius Severus.

Lucifer and his followers, as it seems, were willing to receive the laity who came over from the Arians, upon renouncing their error; but they would not consent that biGræcum stylum transtulit, ne tantum boni Græca lingua non haberet, &c, Faustin. et Marcell. lib. pr. p. 658. B.

Ad Constantinum Imp. pro Athanasio, Libri duo. De Regibus Apostaticis, Lib. i. De non conveniendo cum Hæreticis. Lib. i. De eo quod moriendum est pro Dei Filio. Lib. i. De non parcendo in Deum Delinquentibus, Lib. i. Ad Florentium Epistola brevis. Ap. Bıb. PP. T. iv. p. 181-250.

k Vid. Hieron. adv. Luciferian. T. iv. Augustin. De Hær. cap. 81. T. viii. 1 Pergit interea Eusebius Alexandriam, ibique confessorum concilio congretato-quo pacto post hæreticorum procellas, et perfidiæ turbines, tranquillitas revocaretur ecclesiæ discutiunt. Aliis videbatur fidei calore ferventibus, nullum debere ultra in sacerdotium recipi, qui se utcunque hæreticæ communionis contagione maculâsset. Sed alii dicebant, melius esse-et ideo sibi rectum videri, ut, tantum perfidiæ auctoribus amputatis, reliquis sacerdotibus daretur optio, si forte velint, abjurato errore perfidiæ, ad fidem patrum statutaque converti, nec negare aditum redeuntibus, quin potius de eorum conversione gaudere. Rufin. Hist. Ec. 1. i. cap. 28. Conf. Socr. 1. iii. c. 9. Soz. l. v, c. 13. Theod. l. iii. c. 5.

m Sed, ut dicere cœperamus, post reditum confessorum, in Alexandria postea synodo constitutum est, ut, exceptis auctoribus hæreseos, quos error excusare non poterat, pœnitentes ecclesiæ sociarentur. Assensus est huic sententiæ Occidens- -Ventum est ad asperrimum locum, in quo adversum voluntatem et propositum meum cogor beato Lucifero secus quidquam, quam et illius meritum, et mea humanitas poscit, existimare. Sed quid faciam? Veritas os reserat—In tali articulo, ecclesiæ in tantâ rabie luporum, segregatis paucis ovibus, reliquum gregem deseruit. Adv. Lucif. T. iv. p. 302.

n Cæterum Lucifer, tum Antiochiæ, longe diversa sententiâ fuit. Nam in tantum eos, qui Arimini fuerunt, condemnavit, ut se etiam ab eorum communione secreverit, qui eos sub satisfactione vel pœnitentiâ recepissent. Id recte, an perperam constituerit, dicere non ausim. S. Sever. H. S. l. ii. c. 48. al. 60.

• Orthod. Expone mihi, quare laïcum venientem ab Arianis recipias, episcopum non recipias? Lucifer. Recipio laïcum, qui errâsse se confitetur. Et Dominus mavult poenitentiam peccatoris quam mortem. Orth. Recipe ergo et episcopium, qui et errâsse se confitetur. Lucifer. Si errare se confitetur, cur episcopus perseverat? Deponat sacerdotium, concedo veniam pœnitenti. Hieron. adv. Lucifer. T. iv. p. 290.

shops who had complied with the Arians, should be received as such. They might, upon returning to the catholics, be received as laymen, but they were not any more to officiate in the church.

This occasioned a schism; which, however, never? spread very far. Rufinus speaks of it as very small, and Theodoret as extinct in his time. And yet in the year 384, or thereabout, they obtained as rescript from Theodosius, to secure them from persecution, since they made no innovations in the faith. However, they were for some time in several parts of the world; and the authors of the aforesaid request complain particularly, that at Rome," where they had a bishop named Aurelius, Pope Damasus disturbed their assemblies, and did all he could to hinder their worship, whether by day or by night.

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Lucifer's works have not yet been published with all the advantage that might be wished. Cotelerius" once intended a more exact edition of them, as thinking they both wanted and deserved it. I shall observe a few things in them, and likewise in the request or petition of the presbyters Faustinus and Marcellinus, his admirers and followers, drawn up in 383, or 384.

Lucifer's writings consist very much of passages of the Old and the New Testament, cited one after another, which he quotes with marks of the greatest respect. Particularly he has largely quoted the book of the Acts; he has likewise

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P Si ecclesiam non habet Christus, aut si in Sardinià tantum habet, nimium pauper est. Hieron. adv. Lucifer. T. iv. p. 298.

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Rufin. H. E. 1. i. cap. 30.

Απέσβη δε και τετο το δόγμα, και παραδοθη τη ληθη. Theod. Η. Ε. l. iii. c. 5. p. 128. D.

Ap. Bib. PP. T. p. v. 661.

Sed hæc fraus, hæc atrocitas, adversus fideles in Hispaniâ, et apud Treviros, et Romæ agitur, et in diversis Italiæ regionibus. F. et M. Libr. Prec. p. 658. G.

" Ibid. p. 657. G. H.

▾ Eodem tempore gravis adversus nos persecutio inhorruerat, infestante Damaso egregio archiepiscopo, ita ut fidelibus sacerdotibus per dies sacros plebis cœtus ad deserviendum Christo Deo convocare libere non liceret. Sed quia pro conditione rerum quolibet tempore, vel clam salutis nostræ sacramenta facienda sunt, idem sanctus presbyter Macarius dat vigilias in quâdam domo convocare fraternitatem, ut vel noctu divinis lectionibus fidem plebs sancta roboraret- -Denique tendunt insidias clerici Damasi, et ubi cognoverunt, quod sacras vigilias celebraret cum plebe presbyter Macarius, irruunt cum officialibus in illam domum, &c. Ibid. p. 658. A.

w Vid. Coteler. Annot. ad Constit. Apost. 1. ii. c. 7.

* Quod ita esse, Dominus in sacris evangeliis manifestat dicens. conveniendo cum hæreticis. Ap. Bib. PP. T. iv. p. 226. E.

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