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1993 Citizenship of children of citizens born abroad.

1994 Citizenship of married women.

1995 of persons born in Oregon.

1996 Rights as citizens forfeited for desertion, etc.

1997 Certain soldiers and sailors not to incur the forfeitures of the last

section.

1998 Avoiding the draft.

1999 Right of expatriation declared.

2000

Protection to naturalized citizens in foreign states.

2001 Release of citizens imprisoned

demanded.

by foreign governments to be

Section 1992. All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are declared to be citizens of the United States.

Sec. 1993.

All children heretofore born or hereafter born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers were or may be at the time of their birth citizens thereof, are declared to be citizens of the United States; but the rights of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States.

Sec. 1994. Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married to a citizen of the United States, and who might herself be lawfully naturalized, shall be deemed a citizen.

Sec. 1995. All persons born in the district of country formerly known as the territory of Oregon, and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States on the 18th of May, 1872, are citizens in the same manner as if born elsewhere in the United States.

Sec. 1996. All persons who deserted the military or naval service of the United States, and did not return thereto or report themselves to a provost marshal within sixty days after the issuance of the proclamation by the president, dated the 11th day of March, 1865, are deemed to have voluntarily relinquished and forfeited their rights of citizenship, as well as their right to become citizens; and such deserters shall be forever incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under the United States, or of exercising any rights of citizens thereof.

[Subsequent statutes provide for the removal, upon certain conditions, of the disabilities imposed by section 1996. See Sup. to Rev. St. U. S., vol. 1 (2d Ed.) pp. 692 and 901, and vol. 2, pp. 54 and 425.]

Sec. 1997.

No soldier or sailor, however, who faithfully served ac

cording to his enlistment until the 19th day of April, 1865, and who, without proper authority or leave first obtained, quit his command or refused to serve after that date, shall be held to be a deserter from the army or navy; but this section shall be construed solely as a removal of any disability such soldier or sailor may have incurred, under the preceding section, by the loss of citizenship and of the right to hold office, in consequence of his desertion.

Sec. 1998. Every person who hereafter deserts the military or naval service of the United States, or who, being duly enrolled, departs the Jurisdiction of the district in which he is enrolled, or goes beyond the limits of the United States, with intent to avoid any draft into the military or naval service, lawfully ordered, shall be liable to all the penalties and forfeitures of section 1996.

Sec. 1999. Whereas the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and whereas, in the recognition of this principle this government has freely received the emigrants from all nations, and invested them with the rights of citizenship; and whereas it is claimed that such American citizens, with their descendants, are subjects of foreign states, owing allegiance to the governments thereof; and whereas it is necessary to the maintenance of public peace that this claim of foreign allegiance should be promptly and finally disavowed: Therefore, any declaration, instruction, opinion, order, or decision of any officer of the United States which denies, restricts, impairs, or questions the right of expatriation, is declared inconsistent with the fundamental principles of the republic.

Sec. 2000. All naturalized citizens of the United States, while in. foreign countries, are entitled to, and shall receive from this government, the same protection of persons and property which is accorded to nativeborn citizens.

Sec. 2001. Whenever it is made known to the president that any citizen of the United States has been unjustly deprived of his liberty by or under the authority of any foreign government, it shall be the duty of the president forthwith to demand of that government the reasons of such imprisoment; and, if it appears to be wrongful and in violation of the rights of American citizenship, the president shall forthwith demand the release of such citizen, and, if the release so demanded is unreasonably delayed or refused, the president shall use such means, not amounting to acts of war, as he may think necessary and proper to obtain or effectuate the release; and all the facts and proceedings relative thereto shall as soon as practicable be communicated by the president to congress.

STATE OF OKLAHOMA.

ENABLING ACT

An act to enable the people of Oklahoma and of Indian Territory. to form a constitution and State government and to be admitted to the Union on an equal footing with the original States.

SUMMARY.

Sections:

1. Admission of Oklahoma and Indian Territory as state.

2. Constitutional convention-election-capital

3. Meeting of convention-the constitution.

4.

5.

Submission of constitution to people.

at Guthrie.

Appropriation for election and 'convention expenses.

6. Representatives in congress.

7.

Grant of lands for schools-appropriation for school in lieu of
Indian Territory lands-Sulphur Springs reservation.

8. University, etc., grants-allotments-use of land and proceedslands for public institutions and buildings-mineral and oil lands. 9. Disposal of common school lands-school fund from proceedsleases, etc.

10. University and public institution lands-sales or leases-appraisal of improvements-payable by purchaser.

11. Use of five per cent fund for common schools.

12.

13.

14.

Land in lieu of internal improvements and swamp-land grants.
Judicial districts created-courts-attached to eighth circuit-

judges, attorneys, and marshals, clerks, terms-jurisdiction of
courts and officials-Oklahoma laws extended.
Prosecution of crimes.

15. Determination of appeals and writs of error-time allowed. 16. Transfer of pending federal civil cases-limits of transfers-cases in Circuit Court-decision-appeals, etc.-prosecution of pendind criminal cases-transfer to circuit of District Courtjurisdiction of Circuit Courts.

17.

18.

20.

21.

Determination of state cases in Supreme Court-review, etc.
Authority of State Supreme Court-dockets, etc.

Trial of cases, etc., pending in District and Indian Territory
Courts not transferred-appeals, etc., pending criminal cases.
Election of full state officers-Osage reservation to be separate
county, etc.-state government in abeyance till admission-
election of senators and representatives-operation of state
government, etc.-United States laws.

22. Acceptance of this act.

ENABLING ACT.

Section 1. Admission of Oklahoma and Indian State. Territory as That the inhabitants of all that part of the area of the United States now constituting the Territory of Oklahoma and the Indian Territory, as at present described, may adopt a constitution and become the State of Oklahoma, as hereinafter provided: provided, That nothing contained in the said constitution shall be construed to limit or impair the rights of persons or property pertaining to the Indians of said Territories (so long as such rights shall remain unextinguished) or to limit or affect the authority of the government of the United States to make any law or regulation respecting such Indians, their lands, property or other rights by treaties, agreement, law or otherwise, which it would have been competent to make if this act had never been passed. (34 Stat. L. 267.)

Sec. 2. Constitutional convention-election-capital at Guthrie. That all male persons over the age of twenty-one years who are citizens of the United States, or who are members of any Indian nation or tribe in said Indian Territory and Oklahoma, and who have resided within the limits of said proposed state for at least six month next preceding the election, are hereby authorized to vote for and choose delegates to form a constitutional convention for said proposed state; and all persons qualified to vote for said delegates shall be eligible to serve as delegates; and the delegates to form such convention shall be one hundred and twelve in number, fifty-five of whom shall be elected by the people of the Territory of Oklahoma, and fifty-five by the people of Indian Territory, and two shall be elected by the electors residing in the Osage Indian reservation in the Territory of Oklahoma; and the governor, the chief justice and the secretary of the Territory of Oklahoma shall apportion the Territory of Oklahoma into fifty-six districts, as nearly equal in population as may be, except that such apportionment shall include as one district the Osage Indian reservation, and the governor, the chief justice, and the secretary of the Territory of Oklahoma shall appoint an election commissioner who shall establish voting precincts in said Osage Indian reservation, and shall appoint the judges for election in said Osage Indian reservation; and two delegates shall be elected from said Osage district; and the commissioner to the Five Civilized tribes, and two judges of the United States court for the Indian Territory, to be designated by the president, shall constitute a board, which shall apportion the said Indian Territory into fifty-five districts, as nearly equal in population as may be, and one delegate shall be elected from each of said districts, and the governor of said Oklahoma Territory together with the judge senior in service of the United States courts in Indian Territory, shall by proclamation in which such apportionment shall be fully specified and announced, order an election of the delegates aforesaid in said proposed state, at a time designated by them within six months after the approval of this act, which proclamation shall be issued at least sixty days prior to the time of holding said election of delegates. The election for delegates in the Territory of Oklahoma and in said Indian Territory shall be conducted, the returns made, and the result ascertained and the certificate of all persons elected to such convention issued in the same manner as is prescribed by the laws of the Territory of Oklahoma, regulating elections for delegates to congress. That the election laws of the Territory of Oklahoma now in force, a far as applicable and not in conflict with this act, including the penal laws of said Territory of Oklahoma relating to elections and illegal voting, are hereby extended to and put in force in said Indian Territory until the legislature of said proposed state shall otherwise provide, and until all persons offending against said laws in the election aforesaid shall have been dealt with in the manner therein provided. And the

United States courts of said Indian Territory shall have the same power to enforce the laws of the Territory of Oklahoma, hereby extending to and put in force in said territory, as the courts of the Territory of Oklahoma: Provided, however, That said board to apportion districts in Indian Territory shall, for the purpose of such election, appoint an election commissioner for each district who shall distribute all ballots and election supplies to the several precincts in his district, receive the election returns from the judges in precincts and deliver the same to the canvassing board herein named, establish and define the necessary election precincts and appoint three judges of election for each precinct, not more than two of whom shall be of the same political party, which judges may appoint the necessary clerk or clerks; that said judges of election, so appointed, shall supervise the election in their respective precincts, and canvass and make due returns of the vote cast, to the election commissioner for said district who shall deliver said returns, poll books and ballots to said board which shall constitute the ultimate and final canvassing board of said election, and they shall issue certificates of election to all persons elected to such convention from the various districts of the Indian Territory, and their certificates of election shall be prima facie evidence as to the election of delegates: Provided further, That in said Indian Territory and Osage Indian reservation nominations for delegates to said constitutional convention may be made by convention, by the Republican, Democratic, and People's Party, or by petition in the manner provided by the laws of the Territory of Oklahoma; and certificates and petitions of nomination in said Indian Territory shall be filed with the districting and canvassing board who shall perform the duties of election commissioner under said law, and shall prepare, print, and distribute all ballots, poll books and election supplies necessary for the holding of said election under said law. The capital of said state shall temporarily be at the city of Guthrie, in the present Territory of Oklahoma, and shall not be changed therefrom previous to anno domini nineteen hundred and thirteen, but said capital shall after said year be located by the electors of said state at an election to be provided for by the legislature: Provided, however, That the legislature of said state, except as shall be necessary for the convenient transaction of the public business of said state at said capital, shall not appropriate any public moneys of the State for the erection of buildings for capitol purposes during such period.

Sec. 3. Meeting of convention-the constitution. That the delegates to the convention thus elected shall meet at the seat of government of said Oklahoma Territory on the second Tuesday after their election, excluding the day of election in case, such day shall be Tuesday, but they shall not receive compensation for more than sixty days of service, and, after organization, shall declare on behalf of the people of said proposed state, that they adopt the constitution of the United States; whereupon said convention shall and is hereby authorized to, form a constitution and state government for said proposed state. The constitution shall be republican in form, and make no distinction in civil or political rights on account of race or color, and shall not be repugnant to the constitution of the United States and the principles of the declaration of independence. And said convention shall provide in said constitution:

First. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured and that no inhabitant of said state shall ever be molested in person or property on account of his or her mode of religious worship, and that polygamous or plural marriages are forever prohibited.

Second. That the manufacture, sale, barter, giving away, or otherwise furnishing, except as hereinafter provided, of intoxicating liquors within those parts of said state now known as the Indian Territory and

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