In the French tongue they use borgne and aveugle; but in order to make the same distinction we are compelled to say....BLIND of one eye (stopped of one eye) or BLIND of both eyes, or totally BLIND, i. e. the sight totally stopped. In this sense, I suppose, the word stopped is used in Beaumont and Fletcher's Pilgrim. "Do you blush at this, in such as are meer rudeness, BREAD....is the past participle of the verb to bray, (French broyer) i. e. to pound, or to beat to pieces and the subauditum (in our present use of the word BREAD) is corn, or grain, or any other similar substances, such as chesnuts, acorns, &c. or any other substitutes(") which our blessed ministers may appoint for us in this blessed reign. (u) Substitute is in England the natural offspring of prostitute. In consequence of virtual being substitute for real representation; we have innumerable commissioners of different descriptions....substitute for our antient Juries: paper,....substitute for money: martial law,....substitute for the antient law of the land: ....substitutes for the militia, for an army of reserve, for quotamen. But the worst of all these substitutes (and I fear its speedy recurrence) is a substitute for BREAD; the harbinger of wide-spreading putrefaction, disease, and cruel death. It was attempted not long since (by those who should least have done it) to blast the character of my excellent friend the late Dr. Addington, by (falsely, as I believe) adducing his authority, to prove that bran was more nutritive than meal: I take this opportunity to rescue his memory from that disgrace; by asserting that he well knew that....." Bread of fine flour of wheat, having "no leaven, is slow of digestion, and makes flimy humours, "but it nourishes much. If it be leavened, it digests sooner. To bray, though now obsolete, was formerly very common in our language. "And whan he comet therat "And sigh his doughter, he to BRAIDE "His clothes, and wepende he saide.” Gower, lib. 4, fol. 71, pag. 2, col. 1. "Take camomel &c. BRAYE them together &c. "Take of the bloudestone &c. beate and BRAYE all these "together &c. Byrth of Mankynde, fol. 34, pag. 1, fol. 36, pag. 2. "The sedes (of sorrell) BRAIED and drunke with wine and "water is very holsome agaynst the colyke." "What auncient physition is there, that in his workes com"mendeth not ptysane, whiche is none other than pure barley, "BRAIED in a mortar, and sodden in water." "The sedes of melons BRAYED &C. Castle of Helth, fol. 27, fol. 34, fol. 81 "1, now it heats. Stand, father, "Pound him to dust. "Nay, if he take you in hand, sir, with an argument, Alchemist. "Thou hast made me mad: and I will beat thee dead, Sir John Davies (an attorney general, whom Messrs. Pitt and Dundas have evidently consulted) "Bread, having much bran, fills the belly with excrements, and "nourishes little or nothing, but shortly descends from the "stomach, &c." And this same doctrine will every intelligent medical man now declare; unless he shall chuse to substitute his interest for his character and conscience. in a little treatise called...." A discoverie of the true causes &c."....Speaking of Ireland, says....... "Whereupon the multitude, who ever loved to "bee followers of such as could master and defend "them, admyring the power of the crowne of Eng"land, being BRAI'D (as it were) in a mortar, with "the sword, famine, and pestilence altogether, sub"mitted themselves to the English government.” F. Thus it is always with you etymologists:.... Whilst you chuse your own instances, your explanations run upon all fours; but they limp most miserably, when others quote the passages for you. H. I can only give such instances as occur to me:....I wish others were to furnish them: and the more hostile they were, the better I should be pleased. F. What say you then to this passage in All's well that ends well? ................" Since Frenchmen are so BRAIDE, "Marry that will, I live and die a maid.” Dr. Johnson, Mr. Steevens, and Mr. Malone are all agreed, that...." BRAID signifies crafty or deceitful." 66 H. I wish you had separated Mr. Steevens (for he has really done good service) from the names of such (commentators I cannot call them) as Johnson and Malone. I think however that, upon a little reflection, you will have no difficulty to agree with me, that BRAIDE has here the same meaning that it has in the Proverbs, chap. 27, ver. 20. Though thou shouldest BRAY a fool in a "mortar among wheat with a pestle, yet will not "his foolishness depart from him." 66 The expression here alludes to this proverb:.... Diana does not confine herself merely to his craft or deceit; but includes also all the other bad qualities of which she supposes Bertram to be compounded; and which would not depart from him, though BRAY'D in a mortar. F. By the words which you have attempted to explain, brand, odd, head, wild, flood, loud, shred, sherd, field, cud, dastard, coward, blind, and bread, you seem to have been lead to these conjectures by the participial termination ED or 'D. I suppose therefore that the word FIEND, which you lately mentioned, is also a past participle. H. No: it is (what I must in conformity with custom call) a present participle; and, for which we now use ing, was in Anglo-Saxon the termination of the participle present: and FIEND..... e. FIANAS Fiand, the present participle of FIAN, Fian, to hate, means (subaudi some one, any one) hating: in the same manner, FRIEND....i. e. Frand, Freond, the present participle of Fɲian, Freon, to love, means (subaudi any one, some one) loving. "For he no more than the FENDE "But all toward hym selfe alone." Gower, lib. 5, fol. 113, fag. 2, col. 1. F. Why do you say that, in conformity with custom, you must call it a present participle? H. Because I do not allow that there are any present participles, or any present tense of the verb. But we cannot enter into that question now. A proper time will arrive for it. Nor would I meddle with it at all; but that some foolish metaphysics depend upon it. F. There is a word in Shakspeare, ending with a D, which has exceedingly troubled all his editors and commentators. I wish much to know whether your method will help us on this occasion. In Troylus and Cressida, Ajax, speaking to Thersites, says (according to the first folio) "Speake then, thou whinid'st leauen, speake." Not knowing what to make of this word whinid, subsequent editors have changed it to unsalted. And thus Mr. Malone alters the text, with the quarto editions. "Speak then, thou unsalted leaven speak." H. The first folio, in my opinion, is the only edition worth regarding. And it is much to be wished, that an edition of Shakspeare were given literatim, according to the first folio; which is now become so scarce and dear, that few persons can obtain it: for, by the presumptuous licence of the dwarfish commentators, who are forever cutting him down to their own size, we risque the loss of Shakspeare's genuine text; which that folio assuredly contains; notwithstanding some few slight errors of the press, which might be noted, without altering. This is not the place for exposing all the liberties which have been taken with Shakspeare's text. But besides this unwarrantable substitution of unsalted for whinid'st, a passage of Macbeth (amongst innumerable others) occurs to me at present, to justify the wish I have expressed. "Approach thou like the rugged Russian beare, “The orm'd rhinoceros or th ́teen tiger, |