shall sit at least twice a year, and at any other time when a session is demanded by any member of the League. It shall consist of not more than sixteen persons appointed for the same periods and by the same method of representation as the judges of the Court of the League; provided that no one shall be at the same time a member of both bodies. So far as possible the states entitled only to intermittent positions on the two bodies shall not be represented on both at the same time. Any member of the League may at any time recall its representative and substitute another. The representative of a state that is a party to any question pending before the Council shall not be disqualified from sitting; and any state that is a party to such a question and is not at the time represented on the Council may, whether a member of the League or not, appoint an additional member to sit for that case. Each member of the Council shall receive from the League a salary of a year; and at the same rate for any fraction of a year, including therein the time usually required for travel to and from the country which he represents. A special member appointed as aforesaid shall receive compensation from the League at the same rate. No member of the Council shall during his period of service receive any other compensation, title, honor or decoration from any government. The Council shall choose its own President and Vice-President, and except as provided herein or in the Convention establishing the Council, or by subsequent regulation by the Congress of the League, the Council shall make its own rules of procedure. Any action it may take of a general nature, or in a special case, shall be by a majority of the members voting thereon, and in case of a tie the presiding officer shall have a casting vote, in addition to his vote as a member of the Council. The presence of a majority of the members shall be necessary and sufficient for a quorum. 11. The Court of Conflicts shall consist of three judges of the Court of the League elected by the judges thereof, three members of the Council of Conciliation elected by the members thereof, and of a seventh member chosen by these six. In case they fail to make a choice on the first day, the seventh member shall be the President of the Congress, or, in case of his inability to be present in two days thereafter, that Vice-President of the Congress in the order of his rank, who is present at that time. The seventh member shall preside, but shall have no vote except in case of a tie when he shall have a casting vote. 12. In any case pending before them the Court, the Council or the Court of Conflicts, such body shall have authority to make an order restraining any party, whether a member of the League or a state having a controversy with a member of the League, from doing any act which in the opinion of the body issuing the order will cause an irreparable injury or render the final attainment of a just result extremely difficult. The order shall be effective until one month after the body issuing it has made its decision or recommendation, and it shall be enforced as hereinafter provided. 13. The Court of Claims shall be composed of five judges of the Court of the League, each of the parties to the controversy selecting two, and the fifth being selected by the Court of the League. 14. The Congress shall be composed of representatives of the members of the League. Each member shall have at least one representative. At the outset the members of the first group shall have six representatives each, and the others a smaller number according to a ratio based upon population and upon commercial and other considerations. The number of representatives shall be changed from time to time on the admission of new members to the League, but so that the number to which the members of the first group shall be entitled shall never be less than one-half of the total authorized membership of the Congress. The members of the League shall have the right to withdraw and replace their representatives as they see fit. The Congress shall elect by plurality vote its President, and First, Second and Third Vice-Presidents. The Court, Council and Congress shall each organize its own secretariat, and shall prescribe the salaries of the officers thereof, which shall be paid by the League. The Congress shall make its own rules of procedure. In addition to dealing with international law it may consider reduction of armaments and any matter affecting the tranquillity of the world or the progress or betterment of human relations, and it may make recommendations on the subject. Any action shall be taken by a majority of the votes cast thereon; the presiding officer having only his vote as a member of the Congress, except on questions of procedure when he shall in case of a tie have a casting vote in addition. 15. The Congress may appoint a commission or commissions to inspect and report upon the work of international administrative bodies. It may also appoint commissions to control and administer such of these international matters as may be intrusted to it by treaty. 16. Unless otherwise provided, the Court, the Council, the Court of Conflicts and the Congress shall hold all their meetings at The Hague, but nothing herein shall abrogate the acts of the Conferences hitherto held at The Hague, or prevent the holding of similar ones hereafter. 17. The executive body of the League shall be composed of representatives of the states of the first group. The representative of each state shall be the chief executive thereof, or a substitute appointed and removable by him at pleasure and acting under his instructions. The representatives shall meet every year on the first Monday in May, and at any other time at the request of any one of the states of the first group. In case of emergency, the executive body of the League may act upon the instance of any member, without convening in person, after communication with all its members. In case any state, whether a member of the League or not, goes to war with, or commits acts of hostility against, any member of the League before the matter in controversy has been submitted to the Court or Council as herein provided, it shall be the duty of the executive body to call upon all members of the first group to use forthwith jointly and severally against such state their economic and military forces, or such military forces as may be agreed upon; and upon the members of the second group to declare their belligerency against such state with its economic consequences. If a doubt arises whether such state has gone to war, or committed acts of hostility, that question shall be decided by the executive body, and such decision shall be conclusive of the fact. In case any state, whether a member of the League or not, threatens war, disobeys a restraining order issued as hereinbefore provided, or fails to comply with a judgment rendered by the Court of the League, the executive body shall consider and decide what action shall be taken to prevent war or enforce compliance with the order or decision. 18. The expenses of the Court, Council and Congress shall be defrayed by the members of the League in the proportion of their contributions to the Universal Postal Union. If a payment due from any member is at any time one year in arrears, that member shall forfeit all right of representation in every organ of the League until its dues are fully paid. 19. No member shall withdraw from the League except upon twelve months' notice, nor while any controversy, brought by it or against it, is pending before the Court, Council or Court of Conflicts, nor until it has complied with all restraining orders, issued as aforesaid, and all judgments rendered by the Court of the League. 20. The signatories agree to conclude, as soon as possible, conventions organizing in conformity herewith the Court, the Council and the Congress. The corporation is constituted for the purpose of educating the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war, its evil effects on present social conditions and on the well-being of future generations, and to promote international justice and the brotherhood of man; and, generally, by every practical means to promote peace and good will among all mankind.-By-laws of the Corporation. It is to this patient and thorough work of education, through the school, the college, the church, the press, the pamphlet and the book, that the World Peace Foundation addresses itself.-Edwin Ginn. The idea of force can not at once be eradicated. It is useless to believe that the nations can be persuaded to disband their present armies and dismantle their present navies, trusting in each other or in the Hague Tribunal to settle any possible differences between them, unless, first, some substitute for the existing forces is provided and demonstrated by experience to be adequate to protect the rights, dignity and territory of the respective nations. My own belief is that the idea which underlies the movement for the Hague Court can be developed so that the nations can be persuaded each to contribute a small percentage of their military forces at sea and on land to form an International Guard or Police Force.— Edwin Ginn. *Incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts, July 12, 1910, as the International School of Peace. Name changed to World Peace Foundation, December 22, 1910. WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION PAMPHLETS Published by WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION 40 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Single numbers, 5 cents. Sample copies on request. Quantity rates vary with cost of production. General Secretary, Edward Cummings. Corresponding Secretary and Librarian, Denys P. Myers. |