ARTICLE 17 Partial Adhesion Any State may, with the consent of the Council of the League, notify its conditional or partial adherence to the provisions of this Treaty, provided always that such State has reduced or is prepared to reduce its armaments in conformity with the provisions of this Treaty. ARTICLE 181 [The present Treaty shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible at the Secretariat of the League of Nations. It shall come into force: In Europe when it shall have been ratified by five States, of which three shall be permanently represented on the Council; In Asia when it shall have been ratified by two States, one of which shall be permanently represented on the Council; In North America when ratified by the United States of America; In Central America and the West Indies when ratified by one State in the West Indies and two in Central America; In South America when ratified by four States; In Africa and Oceania when ratified by two States. With regard to the High Contracting Parties which may subsequently ratify the Treaty, it will come into force at the date of the deposit of the instrument. The Secretariat will immediately communicate a certified copy of the instruments of ratification received to all the signatory Powers. It remains understood that the rights stipulated under Articles 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8 of this Treaty will not come into force for each High Contracting Party until the Council has certified that the said High Contracting Party has reduced its armaments in conformity with the present Treaty or has adopted the necessary measures to ensure the execution of this reduction, within two years of the acceptance by the said High Contracting Party of the plan of reduction or limitation of armaments.] ARTICLE 191 Denunciation [The present Treaty shall remain in force for a period of fifteen years from the date of its first entry into force. "These articles are given as an indication of subject-matter requiring further study by those Governments to which the draft is submitted with a view to arriving at a satisfactory and definite text. After this period, it will be prolonged automatically for the States which have not denounced it. If, however, one of the States referred to in Article 18 denounces the present Treaty, the Treaty shall cease to exist as from the date on which this denunciation takes effect. This denunciation shall be made to the Secretariat of the League of Nations, which shall, without delay, notify all the Powers bound by the present Treaty. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the date on which notification has been communicated to the Secretariat of the League of Nations. When the period of fifteen years referred to in the first paragraph of the present Article has elapsed, or when one of the denunciations made in the conditions determined above takes place, if operations undertaken in application of Article 5 of the present Treaty are in progress, the Treaty shall remain in force until peace has been completely reestablished.] DRAFT TREATY OF DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY The Council of the League of Nations at its June meeting took action of an unprecedented nature in deciding unanimously to submit as an official document of the League a report on the limitation of armaments prepared by an American Committee of private citizens. The action of the Council was doubtless partly due to the list of distinguished Americans who have co-operated in the preparation of the document. The group consists of Dr. James T. Shotwell, professor of History of Columbia University, a member of the American delegation at the Paris Peace Conference and a commissioner of the Labor Section of the Treaty; General Tasker H. Bliss, American representative on the Supreme War Council; Dr. Isaiah Bowman, executive head of the technical experts of the American delegation at the Paris Peace Conference; Dr. Joseph P. Chamberlain, professor of Public Law at Columbia University; Professor John Bates Clark, former Director of the Division of Economics and History of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Dr. Stephen P. Duggan, Director of the Institute for International Education of the Carnegie Foundation; General James G. Harbord, former Chief of Staff of the American Army; Frederick P. Keppel, former Assistant Secretary of War; David Hunter Miller, legal adviser to the United States Government at the Paris Peace Conference; and Dr. Henry S. Pritchett, President of the Carnegie Foundation. The High Contracting Parties, being desirous of promoting peace and of lessening the danger of war by reduction and limitation of armaments, agree to this treaty. PART I.-GENERAL MEASURES CHAPTER I.-Outlawry of Aggressive War Article 1.-The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that aggressive war is an international crime. They severally undertake not to be guilty of its commission. Article 2.-A State engaging in war for other than purposes of defense commits the international crime described in Article 1. Article 3.-The Permanent Court of International Justice shall have jurisdiction, on the complaint of any signatory, to make a judgment to the effect that the international crime described in Article 1 has or has not in any given case been committed. CHAPTER II.-Acts of Aggression Article 4.-The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that acts of aggression, even when not resulting in war, and preparations for such acts of aggression, are hereafter to be deemed forbidden by international law. Article 5.-In the absence of a state of war, measures of force by land, by sea or in the air taken by one State against another and not taken for purposes of defense or for the protection of human life shall be deemed to be acts of aggression. Any signatory which claims that another signatory has violated any of the terms of this treaty shall submit its case to the Permanent Court of International Justice. A signatory refusing to accept the jurisdiction of the Court in any such case shall be deemed an aggressor within the terms of this treaty. Failure to accept the jurisdiction of the Court within four days after submission of a claim of violation of this treaty shall be deemed a refusal to accept the jurisdiction. Article 6.-The Court shall also have jurisdiction on the complaint of any signatory to make a judgment to the effect that there has or has not in any given case been committed a violation of international law within the terms of Article 4. Article 7.-The Permanent Advisory Conference hereinafter mentioned shall from time to time consider the further codifying of the principles of international law relating to acts of aggression and preparations for such acts. In this regard, the conference shall take into account the additional security to the signatories and the progressive disarmament which are by this treaty contemplated. The recommendations of the conference shall be submitted to the High Contracting Parties for their adoption, and shall also be transmitted to the Permanent Court of International Justice. CHAPTER III.-Sanctions Article 8.-In the event of any H. C. P.1 having been adjudged an aggressor pursuant to this treaty, all commercial, trade, financial and property interests of the aggressor and of its nationals shall cease to be entitled, either in the territories of the other signatories or on the high seas, to any privileges, protection, rights or immunities accorded by either international law, national law or treaty. Any H. C. P. may in such case take such other steps toward the severance of trade, financial, commercial and personal intercourse with the "High Contracting Party or Parties. aggressor and its nationals as it may deem proper and the H. C. P.1 may also consult together in this regard. The period during which any such economic sanction may be continued shall be fixed at any time by the Court at the request of any signatory. In the matter of measures of force to be taken, each signatory shall consult its own interests and obligations. Article 9.-If any H. C. P. shall be adjudged an aggressor by the Permanent Court of International Justice, such power shall be liable for all costs to all other H. C. P. resulting from its aggression. CHAPTER IV. Decrees of the Permanent Court Article 10.-The H. C. P. agree to accept the judgment of the Permanent Court of International Justice as to the fulfillment or violation of the contracts of this treaty. Any question arising under this treaty is ipso facto within the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court. Article 11.-If a dispute arising under this treaty shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of International Justice, it is for the Court to decide as to its jurisdiction and also whether or not its decree has been complied with. PART II.-DISARMAMENT CHAPTER I.-Reduction and Limitation of Armament Article 12.-The H. C. P. recognizing that excessive armaments constitute a menace of war mutually agree: (i) To limit or reduce their armaments to the basis necessary for the maintenance of peace and national security. (ii) To study the ways and means for future reduction of armaments either as between all signatories or as between any two of them. CHAPTER II.-Demilitarized Zones Article 13. In order to facilitate the security and progressive disarmament contemplated by the present treaty, any H. C. P. may agree with one or more neighboring countries for the establishment of demilitarized zones. CHAPTER III.-Permanent Advisory Conference Article 14.-The H. C. P. will call a permanent advisory conference upon disarmament which shall meet not less than once every three years. This conference shall, in addition to its functions as described in "High Contracting Party or Parties. |