in it the character described in the preceding paragraph, and declaring the demand admissible on this ground. The compromis fixes the period within which the demand for revision must be made. ARTICLE 84 The award is not binding except on the parties in dispute. When it concerns the interpretation of a convention to which powers other than those in dispute are parties, they shall inform all the signatory powers in good time. Each of these powers is entitled to intervene in the case. If one or more avail themselves of this right, the interpretation contained in the award is equally binding on them. ARTICLE 85 Each party pays its own expenses and an equal share of the expenses of the tribunal. CHAPTER IV.-Arbitration by Summary Procedure ARTICLE 86 With a view to facilitating the working of the system of arbitration in disputes admitting of a summary procedure, the contracting powers adopt the following rules, which shall be observed in the absence of other arrangements and subject to the reservation that the provisions of Chapter III apply so far as may be. ARTICLE 87 Each of the parties in dispute appoints an arbitrator. The two arbitrators thus selected choose an umpire. If they do not agree on this point, each of them proposes two candidates taken from the general list of the members of the Permanent Court exclusive of the members appointed by either of the parties and not being nationals of either of them; which of the candidates thus proposed shall be the umpire is determined by lot. The umpire presides over the tribunal, which gives its decisions by a majority of votes. ARTICLE 88 In the absence of any previous agreement the tribunal, as soon as it is formed, settles the time within which the two parties must submit their respective cases to it. ARTICLE 89 Each party is represented before the tribunal by an agent, who serves as intermediary between the tribunal and the government who appointed him. ARTICLE 90 The proceedings are conducted exclusively in writing. Each party, however, is entitled to ask that witnesses and experts should be called. The tribunal has, for its part, the right to demand oral explanations from the agents of the two parties, as well as from the experts and witnesses whose appearance in court it may consider useful. PART V.-FINAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 91 The present convention, duly ratified, shall replace, as between the contracting powers, the convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes of the 29th July, 1899. ARTICLE 92 The present convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The first deposit of ratifications shall be recorded in a procès-verbal signed by the representatives of the powers which take part therein and by the Netherland Minister for Foreign Affairs. The subsequent deposits of ratifications shall be made by means of a written notification, addressed to the Netherland Government and accompanied by the instrument of ratification. A duly certified copy of the procès-verbal relative to the first deposit of ratifications, of the notifications mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and of the instruments of ratification, shall be immediately sent by the Netherland Government, through the diplomatic channel, to the powers invited to the Second Peace Conference, as well as to those powers which have adhered to the convention. In the cases contemplated in the preceding paragraph, the said Government shall at the same time inform the powers of the date on which it received the notification. ARTICLE 93 Nonsignatory powers which have been invited to the Second Peace Conference may adhere to the present convention. The power which desires to adhere notifies its intention in writing to the Netherlands Government, forwarding to it the act of adhesion, which shall be deposited in the archives of the said Government. This Government shall immediately forward to all the other powers invited to the Second Peace Conference a duly certified copy of the notification as well as of the act of adhesion, mentioning the date on which it received the notification. ARTICLE 94 The conditions on which the powers which have not been invited to the Second Peace Conference may adhere to the present convention shall form the subject of a subsequent agreement between the contracting powers. ARTICLE 95 The present convention shall take effect, in the case of the powers which were not a party to the first deposit of ratifications, sixty days after the date of the procès-verbal of this deposit, and, in the case of the powers which ratify subsequently or which adhere, sixty days after the notification of their ratification or of their adhesion has been received by the Netherlands Government. ARTICLE 96 In the event of one of the contracting parties wishing to denounce the present convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Netherlands Government, which shall immediately communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all the other powers informing them of the date on which it was received. The denunciation shall only have effect in regard to the notifying power, and one year after the notification has reached the Netherlands Government. ARTICLE 97 A register kept by the Netherland Minister for Foreign Affairs shall give the date of the deposit of ratifications effected in virtue of article 92, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as the date on which the notifications of adhesion (article 93, paragraph 2) or of denunciation (article 96, paragraph 1) have been received. Each contracting power is entitled to have access to this register and to be supplied with duly certified extracts from it. In faith whereof the plenipotentiaries have appended their signatures to the present convention. Done at The Hague, the 18th October, 1907, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Netherlands Government, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to the contracting powers.1 1On April 2, 1908, the Senate of the United States, in executive session, advised and consented to the ratification of the convention for the pacific settlement of international disputes, signed October 18, 1907, subject to the following reserve and declaration: "Nothing contained in this convention shall be so construed as to require the United States of America to depart from its traditional policy of not intruding upon, interfering with, or entangling itself in the political questions of policy or internal administration of any foreign state; nor shall anything contained in the said convention be construed to imply a relinquishment by the United States of its traditional attitude toward purely American questions.' "Resolved further, as a part of this act of ratification, that the United States approves this convention with the understanding that recourse to the permanent court for the settlement of differences can be had only by agreement thereto through general or special treaties of arbitration heretofore or hereafter concluded between the parties in dispute; and the United States now exercises the option contained in Article 53 of said convention, to exclude the formulation of the 'compromis' by the permanent court, and hereby excludes from the competence of the permanent court the power to frame the 'compromis' required by general or special treaties of arbitration concluded or hereafter to be concluded by the United States, and further expressly declares that the 'compromis' required by any treaty of arbitration to which the United States may be a party shall be settled only by agreement between the contracting parties, unless such treaty shall expressly provide otherwise." The convention has been ratified by Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Denmark, France, Germany, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Japan, Luxemburg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Portugal, Rumania, Salvador, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United States. The following have adhered to the convention: Czechoslovakia, Finland, Nicaragua and Poland. The 1907 convention was a revision of a convention signed at The Hague Conference of 1899. The following additional states ratified or adhered to the earlier convention, which remains in force: Argentine Republic, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Great Britain, Greece, Honduras, Italy, Montenegro, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Uruguay and Venezuela.Editor. TEXT OF THE DRAFT TREATY OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PREAMBLE The High Contracting Parties, being desirous of establishing the general lines of a scheme of mutual assistance with a view to facilitate the application of Articles 10 and 16 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and of a reduction or limitation of national armaments in accordance with Article 8 of the Covenant "to the lowest point consistent with national safety and the enforcement by common action of international obligations", agree to the following provisions: I. PACT OF NONAGGRESSION ARTICLE 1 The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that aggressive war is an international crime and severally undertake that no one of them will be guilty of its commission. A war shall not be considered as a war of aggression if waged by a State which is party to a dispute and has accepted the unanimous recommendation of the Council, the verdict of the Permanent Court of International Justice, or an arbitral award against a High Contracting Party which has not accepted it, provided, however, that the first State does not intend to violate the political independence or the territorial integrity of the High Contracting Party. II. GENERAL ASSISTANCE The High Contracting Parties, jointly and severally, undertake to furnish assistance, in accordance with the provisions of the present Treaty, to any one of their number should the latter be the object of a war of aggression, provided that it has conformed to the provisions of the present Treaty regarding the reduction or limitation of armaments. ARTICLE 3 In the event of one of the High Contracting Parties being of opinion that the armaments of any other High Contracting Party are in excess of the limits fixed for the latter High Contracting Party under the pro |