paragraph 3, of the Covenant, namely, the obligation of the States to give one another mutual support in order to minimize the loss and inconvenience resulting from the application of the economic and financial sanctions or the obligation of the States to take the necessary steps to afford passage through their territory to forces which are co-operating to protect the covenants of the League. Moreover, as the Swiss Delegation suggests, attention should be directed to the fact that the present Protocol does not in any way affect the special position of Switzerland as arising out of the Declaration of the Council of London of February 13th, 1920. As the special position of Switzerland is in accordance with the Covenant, it will also be in accordance with the present Protocol. CONCLUSION No further explanations need be added to these comments on the articles. The main principles of the Protocol are clear, as are the detailed provisions. Our purpose was to make war impossible, to kill it, to annihilate it. To do this, we had to create a system for the pacific settlement of all disputes which might ever arise. In other words, it meant the creation of a system of arbitration from which no international dispute, whether juridical or political, could escape. The plan drawn up leaves no loophole; it prohibits wars of every description and lays down that all disputes shall be settled by pacific means. But this absolute character which applies to the system of arbitration should also apply to the whole of the scheme, in regard to all questions of principle. If there were one single gap in the system, if the smallest opening were left for any measure of force, the whole system would collapse. To this end arbitration is provided for every kind of dispute, and aggression is defined in such a way as to give no cause for hesitation when the Council has to take a decision. These reasons led us to fill in the gaps in the Covenant and to define the sanctions in such a way that no possible means could be found of evading them, and that there should be a sound and definite basis for the feeling of security. Finally, the Conference for the Reduction of Armaments is indissolubly bound up with this whole system: there can be no arbitration or security without disarmament, nor can there be disarmament without arbitration and security. The peace of the world is at stake. The Fifth Assembly has undertaken a work of worldwide political importance which, if it succeeds, is destined profoundly to modify present political conditions. This year great progress in this direction has been made in our work. If we succeed, the League of Nations will have rendered an inestimable service to the whole modern world. Such success depends partly upon the Assembly itself and partly upon individual Governments. We submit to the Assembly the fruit of our labors: a work charged with the highest hopes. We beg the Assembly to examine our proposals with care, and to recommend them to the various Governments for acceptance. In this spirit and with such hopes do we request the Assembly to vote the draft resolutions 1 and 2 that are presented with this Report.1 'Cf.[p. 410-418. HAGUE CONVENTION, 1907 DRAFT TREATY OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE Published by WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION 40 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston Price, 5 cents per number Double number, 10 cents The corporation is constituted for the purpose of educating the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war, its evil effects on present social conditions and on the well-being of future generations, and to promote international justice and the brotherhood of man; and, generally, by every practical means to promote peace and good will among all mankind.-By-laws of the Corporation. It is to this patient and thorough work of education, through the school, the college, the church, the press, the pamphlet and the book, that the World Peace Foundation addresses itself.-Edwin Ginn. The idea of force can not at once be eradicated. It is useless to believe that the nations can be persuaded to disband their present armies and dismantle their present navies, trusting in each other or in the Hague Tribunal to settle any possible differences between them, unless, first, some substitute for the existing forces is provided and demonstrated by experience to be adequate to protect the rights, dignity and territory of the respective nations. My own belief is that the idea which underlies the movement for the Hague Court can be developed so that the nations can be persuaded each to contribute a small percentage of their military forces at sea and on land to form an International Guard or Police Force.Edwin Ginn. *Incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts, July 12, 1910, as the International School of Peace. Name changed to World Peace Foundation, December 22, 1910. WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION PAMPHLETS Published by WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION 40 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Single numbers, 5 cents. Sample copies on request. Quantity rates vary with cost of production. General Secretary, Edward Cummings. Corresponding Secretary and Librarian, Denys P. Myers. TEXT OF THE DRAFT TREATY OF MUTUAL ASSISTANCE SUBMITTED BY THE 480 DRAFT TREATY OF DISARMAMENT AND SECURITY (AMERICAN GROUP's 488 DRAFT PROTOCOL OF ARBITRATION AND SECURITY (BÉNES PROPOSALS) 495 The contents of Part I was as follows: PART I INTRODUCTION What the Protocol Does, by Manley O. Hudson 391 I. PROTOCOL FOR THE PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES 401 Resolutions adopted by the Fifth Assembly, October 2, 1924 II. ARBITRATION, SECURITY AND REDUCTION OF ARMAMENTS GENERAL 410 |