The corporation is constituted for the purpose of educating the people of all nations to a full knowledge of the waste and destructiveness of war, its evil effects on present social conditions and on the well-being of future generations, and to promote international justice and the brotherhood of man; and, generally, by every practical means to promote peace and good will among all mankind.-By-laws of the Corporation. It is to this patient and thorough work of education, through the school, the college, the church, the press, the pamphlet and the book, that the World Peace Foundation addresses itself.-Edwin Ginn. The idea of force can not at once be eradicated. It is useless to believe that the nations can be persuaded to disband their present armies and dismantle their present navies, trusting in each other or in the Hague Tribunal to settle any possible differences between them, unless, first, some substitute for the existing forces is provided and demonstrated by experience to be adequate to protect the rights, dignity and territory of the respective nations. My own belief is that the idea which underlies the movement for the Hague Court can be developed so that the nations can be persuaded each to contribute a small percentage of their military forces at sea and on land to form an International Guard or Police Force.Edwin Ginn. *Incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts, July 12, 1910, as the Internationa School of Peace. Name changed to World Peace Foundation, December 22, 1910. WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION PAMPHLETS Published by WORLD PEACE FOUNDATION 40 MT. VERNON STREET, BOSTON, MASS. Single numbers, 5 cents. Sample copies on request. Quantity rates vary with cost of production. General Secretary, Edward Cummings. Corresponding Secretary and Librarian, Denys P. Myers. APPENDIX I. THE AMERICAN-JAPANESE TREATY OF NOVEMBER 22, 1894 . PAGE 342 342 III. THE AMERICAN-JAPANESE TREATY OF FEBRUARY 11, 1911 . 342 VII. SECRETARY OF STATE HUGHES' LETTER TO SENATOR COLT 357 IX. AMBASSADOR HANIHARA'S NOTE RESPECTING THE "GENTLE- 358 X. SECRETARY of State HUGHES' REPLY TO THE JAPANESE NOTE 363 XI. JAPANESE NOTE OF APRIL 17, 1924, AND SECRETARY of State 364 XII. IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924 367 XIII. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE'S STATEMENT REGARDING IMMIGRATION 371 XIV. JAPANESE PROTEST Oof May 31, 1924 372 XV. REPLY OF THE UNITED STATES TO JAPANESE PROTEST OF 376 JAPANESE IMMIGRATION I. JAPANESE IN THE UNITED STATES Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, Japan had no emigration problem. Intercourse with foreign countries was banned and Japanese were commanded to stay at home. But in 1853 the Black Ships of Commodore M. C. Perry of the United States Navy virtually forced Japan to open her doors, and in 1854 and 1855 Japan signed commercial treaties with the United States, Great Britain and Russia. From that time on, Japanese gradually sifted into the outside world. In 1870 there were 55 Japanese in the United States; in 1880 the number was 148. But it was not until the year 1885 that the Japanese government authorized its subjects to go abroad. In that year emigration was authorized, but with the stipulation that the emigrant should never lose allegiance to the Mikado.1 Each Japanese was required to register in his native prefecture, which he could leave only with the permission of the authorities. An emigrant was required to procure a passport, limited for three years. In 1896 Japan passed the "Emigrants' Protection" Law which provided that every laborer leaving the country should have a responsible surety at home who could be compelled to provide for his care during sickness and, if necessary, for his return. This latter law was taken advantage of by large com But in 1916 Japan enacted an Expatriation Law, providing that a Japanese acquiring another nationality may lose Japanese nationality by petitioning the Minister of Foreign Affairs. If he is above seventeen, he must first perform his military service, before the request will be granted. Text, Japanese Immigration Hearings of House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on the Pacific Coast, Government Printing Office, 1921, pp. 711, 1189. According to press reports the Japanese Diet has now passed a law abolishing dual citizenship altogether. New York Times, July 16, 1924. Rice, Immigration of Japanese, H. Doc. 686, 56th Cong., 1st sess., May 14, 1900, p. 4. "Third Report of the Commissioner of Labor on Hawaii, H. Doc. 580, 59th Cong., 1st sess., p. 148. |