The proper scope of the school's activities can best be appreciated from the first year's registration by classes: Music, 147; sewing, 116; cooking, 78; science, 117; mathematics, 188; English, 337; oral expression, 78; stenography, 15; typewriting, 51; bookkeeping, 60; German, 52; history, 45; review of common subjects, 13; woodwork, 118; sociology, 32; drawing, 24; agriculture, 120; physical education, 231.

Utah has actually reversed the system in vogue in most parts of the country and is sending village children to high schools in the open country, instead of sending them from the country to town. schools.

ILLINOIS.

The Illinois educational exhibit emphasized the six units of organization which present the range of educational activities in this State. One example of each of these was presented in model form. The educational units of interest to the present discussion are the one-room rural schools, the consolidated rural schools, and township high schools.

The miniature one-room rural school illustrated the modern sanitary type of school advocated by the State department of education for the "standard" and "superior" schools of the State.

Nearly two thousand such buildings have been constructed in Illinois in recent years. This system of standardization has been very effective in correcting prevailing architectural faults. It has been instrumental in placing better prepared teachers in the schools and has done a great deal to enrich the course of study.

The Rollo Consolidated School, reproduced in miniature below, has received considerable attention in Bureau of Education publications and needs only passing mention here. It is a great community institution, which has been able to attract into school all the large boys and girls who formerly dropped out of school for lack of interest. It has, indeed, drawn the entire community closer together by bonds of common interest. In a word, it strives to help all the people in the community and has, indeed, succeeded in what it has undertaken.

The miniature of the Peru-La Salle Township High School showed definitely how Illinois is doing much to place high-school facilities within reach of all the children of the State. This particular plan is exceptionally complete in every way and is used coordinately by all the children of the congressional township, rural as well as urban. The high-school enrollment is about 400 pupils. Some other township high schools in Illinois enroll as high as 1,000 pupils. In

1911 a modified type, or district high school, was provided. This high-school law has largely stimulated the organization of such

schools, there being now more than 120 township and district high

schools in the State.

WISCONSIN.

The rural and agricultural phases of the Wisconsin educational exhibit were limited in the main to library work in the rural schools and university extension as it is promoted by the University of Wisconsin.

The library exhibit included a typical rural school library and numerous graphs, charts, and photographs showing in detail what is being accomplished in this field of work.

The State provides for the maintenance and growth of school libraries by setting aside annually 10 cents for every person of school

age in towns, villages, and cities of the fourth class, to be expended for library books for the country districts. The State's publicschool libraries have grown rapidly in recent years and now number fully 1,600,000 volumes. In 1887 the rural and village schools had only 30,563 volumes in their libraries. That year an optional library law was enacted with the result that by 1895 the number of books had increased to 114,000. This law became mandatory in 1895, and by 1903 the number of books had reached 600,000. During the next 10 years the library movement took on exceptional proportions. In 1913 there were 1,327,584 volumes in the rural and village schools, having cost the State $671,874.

University extension service.-The University of Wisconsin has demonstrated its efficiency as a public educational institution by endeavoring to reach all the people of the State. A unique electric flashing map in the Wisconsin exhibit showed strikingly how it covers the entire State with important forms of extension service, classed as correspondence study, lectures and concerts, package libraries, and general welfare service.

The increase in the extension service for the years 1912 and 1913 was graphically shown in a series of other maps. Up to January 28, 18,529 persons had registered, 6,099 of these having completed their courses. On the same date there was a total active registration of 7,113.

The correspondence-study department is intended for two types of students: (1) Those doing work for university credit, and (2) those who are taking work for vocational purposes or for information only. In the university credit class, 3,076 have registered and 1,206 have completed the work. In the vocational class, 12,914 have registered and 4,496 have completed their courses. This important work includes correspondence courses for rural teachers, and courses for farmers whose work keeps them so closely confined that they can not attend regular university short courses or institutes. In regard to the correspondence courses for rural teachers, the exhibit circular has this to say:

Notwithstanding the fact that a large number of the educational needs of rural-school teachers are now available in the correspondence and other departments, utilization is not as great as it should be. The problem of reaching, inspiring, and organizing these isolated rural-school teachers, while they are actually teaching and meeting real problems, is inherently difficult. From experience in other fields, university extension correspondence methods offer, perhaps, the most economical means of increasing the educational and professional attainments of such teachers. To secure the maximum benefit in a minimum length of time it would be necessary to increase the work of organization and field service.

The package libraries "furnish anyone, anywhere in Wisconsin, the best and latest available publications on all sides of any perplexing question." The libraries contain many thousand classified articles, on several thousand subjects, in the form of magazine or newspaper clippings, pamphlets, typewritten excerpts, etc., which are sent free, upon request, to all citizens of the State. The package libraries offer another excellent means of education in rural communities.

The social center propaganda has made great headway in Wisconsin, chiefly through the system of lectures, concerts, and entertainments provided by the university, which are carried to the people at actual cost. During the past two years 370,750 people in 525 different communities have taken advantage of this service.

The official circular of the Wisconsin exhibit summarizes the scope and purpose of this extension service in the following language:

OPENS NEW FIELDS FOR MISFIT WORKERS.

University extension helps

Correspondence study.-By taking university classroom opportunities, at the time when the need is most keenly felt, to the man or woman who is on the job and therefore unable to come to the university.

Packet libraries.-By furnishing anyone, anywhere in Wisconsin, with the best and latest available publications on all sides of any perplexing question. Lecture service.-By extending the educational and cultural opportunities of the larger city pulpits, platforms, and concert stages to any community in the State.

General welfare.-By furnishing practical information to the people of Wisconsin in the practical solution of their welfare problems-leading to the cure and prevention of pauperism and crime, and to adequate provision for community promotion, recreation, and other local needs.

Municipal service.-By affording to public servants and others facts concerning the experience of similarly situated municipalities; and by furnishing expert engineering and other technical assistance which would otherwise be available to only the larger municipal corporations.

Social centers. By promoting the use of public buildings by the entire public for educational, cultural, and recreational purposes.

Health instruction.-By teaching in easily understood terms the dangers and the methods of avoiding preventable human disease, needless suffering, and premature death.

Visual instruction.-By collecting and circulating educational lantern slides, moving pictures, and written lectures to schools, societies, clubs, and other organizations.

66

District organizations.—By providing the connecting link between the man who knows" and "the man or woman who needs to know."

IOWA.

Iowa had no organized State educational exhibit in the Palace of Education. The State College of Agriculture, however, had an instructive exhibit which occupied a large booth adjoining the United States Government exhibits. The central theme was agricultural education and what it means to the State. By means of photographs and legends, it illustrated the work that the agricultural college is doing in preparing teachers of agriculture and principals of Iowa's new consolidated schools; in horticulture and forestry; in agricultural journalism; and in dairying, agricultural extension, farm management, farm crops, animal husbandry, and soils.

The section of the booth devoted to teacher preparation gave in outline the comprehensive course of study for teachers pursued at the college. This was illustrated by numerous photographs of school activities.

The section on horticulture and forestry contained a number of instructive activities mainly in the form of photographs and drawings.