on the respective due dates specified in each of the "original contracts" for each scheduled payment of debt and would continue to accrue until the debt had been repaid in full. ("Contracts" or "original contracts" were those agreements listed in Annex A, the maturities of which fell due during the consolidation period.) Interest on previously rescheduled debt would begin to accrue at the rates set forth in the Agreement on the respective due dates specified in each rescheduling agreement (see, post) for each payment on previously rescheduled debt, and would continue to accrue until the previously rescheduled debt had been repaid in full. Further, additional interest would accrue on due but unpaid installments of principal and interest rescheduled pursuant to the Agreement at the same rate until such amounts had been paid in full.

It was understood that adjustments by the Implementing Agreements would be made in the amounts of consolidated and nonconsolidated debt specified under Article III.

Article IV contained general provisions. Turkey agreed to grant to the United States and its agencies, ante, and any other creditor party to an original contract, treatment and terms no less favorable than that accorded to any other creditor country for the consolidation of debts covered by the Agreed Minute. Except as modified by the Agreement or subsequent implementing agreements, all terms of the original contracts remained unchanged.

The Agreement entered into force in accordance with its terms upon receipt by Turkey of written notice from the United States that all necessary legal requirements for its entry into force had been fulfilled.

The United States had entered into earlier debt rescheduling agreements with Turkey, one signed at Washington and Ankara, Sept. 21 and Dec. 5, 1978 (TIAS 9361; 30 UST 2723; entered into force, Dec. 7, 1978), the other signed at Ankara, Dec. 11, 1979 (TIAS 9783; 32 UST 1461; entered into force, Jan. 14, 1980). In regard to the 1978 Agreement, see the 1978 Digest, pp. 1363-1365.

On Apr. 22, 1980, the United States and Turkey had entered into an agreement implementing their debt rescheduling agreement dated Dec. 11, 1979, ante, in regard to consolidation and rescheduling certain debts owed to the Agency for International Development. TIAS 9786; 32 UST 1549; entered into force, Apr. 22, 1980.

United States-Zaire

On July 28, 1980, Ambassador Robert B. Oakley and Minister Namwisi Ma Koy, the State Commissioner for Finance and Budget of the Republic of Zaire, signed an Agreement Regarding the Consolidation and Rescheduling of Certain Debts Owed to, Guaranteed, or Insured by the United States Government and its Agencies; TIAS 9907; 32 UST 3631; entered into force, October 20, 1980.

The Agreement was concluded in accordance with the provisions of the (annexed) Agreed Minute on the Consolidation of Zaire's Debts, signed at Paris on December 11, 1979, and was to be imple

mented by separate agreements ("Implementing Agreements") between Zaire and the United States with respect to Public Law 480 Agreements and between Zaire and each of the following United States Agencies: the Agency for International Development, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Department of Defense, and the Commodity Credit Corporation.

Consolidation was set at ninety percent of the dollar amount of the debt, defined as the dollar amount of the sum of principal and interest payable with respect to contracts (loan agreements) falling due between July 1, 1979 and June 30, 1980, inclusive, and remaining unpaid (the "First Consolidation Period”) and those falling due between July 1, 1980 and December 31, 1980, inclusive (the "Second Consolidation Period"). The Agreement also provided for payment of arrearages-short-term arrearages being the dollar amount of the sum of principal and interest payable with respect to contracts with original maturities of one year or less and due prior to and remaining unpaid on June 30, 1979, and long-term arrearages being the dollar amount of the sum of principal and interest payable with respect to contracts with original maturities of more than one year and due prior to and remaining unpaid on June 30, 1979. The Agreement provided not only for different repayment schedules as between consolidated and non-consolidated debt, but also for different repayment schedules as between consolidated long-term arrearages (eighty percent of the dollar amount of the long-term arrearages) and non-consolidated long-term arrearages (the remaining twenty percent of the dollar amount thereof).

Terms and conditions of payment were set out in Article III. United States agreement to reschedule arrearages and debt with respect to the First Consolidation Period was made on the basis that Zaire had reached an understanding with the International Monetary Fund on the policies to be implemented and on the performance criteria to be observed in 1980 and had made another purchase under its stand-by arrangement. United States agreement to reschedule debt with respect to the Second Consolidation Period was subject to fulfillment of a condition set out in paragraph 5(b) of the Agreed Minute: viz., effective implementation of Zaire's comprehensive stabilization program (approved by the Fund) and the continued eligibility of Zaire to make purchases from the Fund on June 30, 1980. Short-term arrearages, amounting to $3.950 million, were to be repaid in five annual installments beginning on September 30, 1980 and ending on September 30, 1984, the first amounting to 10 percent of the total, the second amounting to 15 percent thereof, and the remaining three amounting each to 25 percent of the total. Consolidated long-term arrearages, amounting to $72.879 million, were to be repaid (on a deferred basis) in twelve equal and successive semi

annual installments beginning on June 30, 1984 and ending on December 31, 1989. Non-consolidated long-term arrearages, amounting to $18.519 million, were to be repaid in four annual installments beginning on June 30, 1980 and ending on June 30, 1983, the first amounting to 10 percent of the total, the second amounting to 20 percent thereof, the third amounting to 30 percent thereof, and the fourth and final installment amounting to 40 percent of the total.

Consolidated debt with respect to both the First and the Second Consolidation Periods, amounting to $94.637 million, was to be repaid (on a deferred basis, also) in twelve equal and successive semi-annual installments beginning on June 30, 1984 and ending on December 31, 1989. Non-consolidated debt with respect to the First Consolidation Period, amounting to $6.755 million, was to be repaid in four equal and successive annual installments beginning on June 30, 1980 and ending on June 30, 1983. Non-consolidated debt with respect to the Second Consolidation Period, amounting to $3.782 million, was to be repaid in four equal and successive annual installments beginning December 31, 1980.

Interest was to begin to accrue at the rates set forth in the Agreement from the original due dates as set forth in the contracts for debt (the loan agreements) and was to continue to accrue until such debts were repaid in full. Interest on arrearages, except arrearages on loans made or guaranteed by the Export-Import Bank, would begin to accrue at Agreement-specified rates from July 1, 1979 and was to continue to accrue until such arrearages were repaid in full. Treatment of arrearages on loans made or guaranteed by the ExportImport Bank was to be specified in the implementing agreement between the Export-Import Bank and Zaire.

Interest was fixed at 3.3 percent per calendar year on the outstanding balance of the arrearages (meaning the sum of both short-term and long-term arrearages) due to the Agency of International Development and 4 percent per calendar year on the outstanding balance of the arrearages and debt due the United States with respect to P.L. 480 agreements. Interest on the outstanding balance of the arrearages and debt due to, guaranteed by, or insured by the ExportImport Bank and the Department of Defense was set at 8.25 percent per calendar year and on arrearages and debt due to the Commodity Credit Corporation at 8.75 percent per calendar year. Additional interest (interest on due but unpaid installments, as specified in Article III, of arrearages, debt, and interest) was payable at the same rate as the rate of interest for each Agency. All interest and additional interest payable with respect to the arrearages and the debt was to be payable semi-annually on June 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing on June 30, 1980.

A table summarizing the amounts of the arrearages and consolidated debt owed to each Agency was attached to the Agreement (Annex C), as well as a table summarizing non-consolidated longterm arrearages and non-consolidated debt due to each creditor Agency (Annex D). It was understood that the Implementing Agreement would make adjustments in the amounts of both consolidated and non-consolidated debt specified in Annexes C and D.

Under general provisions, set out in Article IV, Zaire agreed to grant the United States and its Agencies and any other creditor party to a contract treatment and terms no less favorable than that accorded to any other creditor country for the consolidation of debts covered by the Agreed Minute. Zaire also agreed, as provided for in paragraph 9 of the Agreed Minute, to seek to obtain from private creditors, including banks, financing or refinancing arrangements similar to those detailed in the Agreement, making sure to avoid any discrimination between different categories of creditors.

Intellectual Property

Industrial Property Protection

World Intellectual Property Organization

On September 26, 1980, Sidney A. Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, and Arpad Bogsch, Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), signed a oneyear agreement at Geneva for cooperation between the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization in promoting industrial property protection. The specific cooperation envisaged was to cover rendering legal-technical assistance to countries in establishing an effective system of industrial property protection to improve their domestic commerce and foreign trade, attract foreign investment, and facilitate transfer of technology, and thereby accelerate those countries' economic, social, and cultural development.

Under the Agreement, WIPO would: (1) organize and fund training programs in industrial property protection; (2) conduct seminars on industrial property laws and practices, e.g., courses in obtaining and licensing patents, comparative national industrial property laws, and international industrial property agreements; (3) provide relevant information to enable countries to choose as among systems; (4) encourage adoption of systems to provide meaningful protection for nationals and non-nationals alike; (5) coordinate and promote system implementation by facilitating access to training opportunities in WIPO member states, providing experts, and using good offices to obtain collections of patent documents and other relevant

materials; and (6) cooperate with the Patent and Trademark Office in coordinating training programs and other services.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office for its part would offer training opportunities for officials from such countries in the form of: (1) orientation sessions to familiarize trainees with its various operating sections; (2) courses in patent examination, classification, and documentation procedures; and (3) specialized instructions in patent administration, prosecution, and litigation. It would also make available to WIPO $160,000 for expenditure for purposes consistent with the purposes of the Agreement and in a manner to be mutually agreed upon.

TIAS 9964; 32 UST 4530; entered into force, Sept. 26, 1980.

The 1980 Agreement was not extended formally. The Patent and Trademark Office has continued, however, to cooperate with the World Intellectual Property Organization under its existing statutory authority, Title 35, United States Code, §6. The terms of such cooperation have been confirmed, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, through exchanges of letters between the Patent and Trademark Office and the World Intellectual Property Organization. Files, L/T, and Files, Patent and Trademark Office, Office of Legislation and International Affairs.

United States-Israel Oil Supply Arrangement: Contingency Implementing Arrangements

On October 17, 1980, the Governments of the United States and Israel signed an agreement on a five-year oil supply arrangement (Contingency Implementing Arrangements; TIAS 9908; 32 UST 3667; entered into force, October 17, 1980). The agreement specified conditions for the activation of the Memorandum of Agreement between them on an oil supply, dated June 22, 1979 (regarding which, see the 1979 Digest, pp. 1508-1510).

Upon notification by Israel to the United States Department of State that it was unable to secure its oil needs, or some part thereof, through normal procedures, consultations between them would then take place as soon as possible, and no later than two weeks following notification, to confirm this fact, whereupon Israel's supply and allocation rights would be established and the United States would make oil available to Israel as soon as practicable after notification, making every effort to do so within 60 days.

In the absence of a shortfall in the amount of oil physically available to Israel on the world market, the Memorandum of Agreement could (also) be activated when Israel paid for all its imported oil an average price higher than the average cost of the most expensive 20% of crude oil imported into the United States, and must buy at least 60% of its oil through short-term, indirect purchases.