Synonyms. Schröt., loc. cit., p. 288. Winter, loc. cit., p. 105. Thecaphora hyalina. Fing., "Linnæa," vol. x. p. 230. B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1148. Cooke, "Hdbk.," p. 515; "Micro. Fungi," 4th edit., p. 231. Exsiccati. Cooke, i. 313. Vize, "Micro. Fungi Brit.," 45. On Convolvulus sepium and soldanella. September and October. BIOLOGY.-See p. 86. Thecaphora trailii. Cooke. Produced in the florets. Teleutospores purple-brown, globose, usually in fours, rarely two or three, compressed on the inner face. Epispore finely verrucose, 12-14μ in diameter. Synonyms. Thecaphora trailii. Cooke, "Grevillea," vol. xi. p. 155. Thecaphora cirsii. Boudier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. de France, 1887, vol. iii. p. 149, pl. xv. fig. 1. On Carduus heterophyllus. Prof. J. W. H. Trail. BIOLOGY.-Pulverulent, having very much the habit of Ustilago cardui, but differs in being a true Thecaphora, and in the epispore being verrucose and not reticulate. M. C. C. SOROSPORIUM. Rudolphi. Teleutospores very numerous, small, in large spore-balls, but easily separable, produced from intertwining gelatinized hyphæ, having at first a gelatinous investment. Promycelium filiform. Sorosporium saponariæ. Rudolphi. Produced in the inflorescence, destroying the reproductive organs. Spore-masses rusty brown. Spore-balls roundish, composed of numerous loosely connected teleutospores, 50-100μ in diameter. Teleutospores roundish, shortly elliptical or polygonal from mutual pressure, yellowish brown, transparent, rough, with minute tubercles and toothed ridges, 12-18 X 10-12μ. Synonym. Sorosporium saponaria. Rudol., "Linnæa," vol. iv. p. 116. Schröt., loc. cit., p. 288. Winter, loc. cit., p. 104. On Dianthus deltoides. Norwich, in gardens. BIOLOGY.-See p. 85. SUPPLEMENT. ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED SPECIES. Doubtful Ustilaginei (Graphiola, Entorrhiza, Tuberculina). The descriptions of the British species of Protomyces are also given, both because they are apt, on cursory examination to be confounded with the Entylomata, and also because they have been described with them.* Mycelium in the tissues of the living plant, forming small conceptacles, which burst through the cuticle of the plant. Peridia roundish, the outer hard, formed by the intertwining of the mycelial hyphæ, the inner peridium thin, enclosed by the outer, filled with hyphæ, sterile and spore-bearing. Spore-forming. hyphæ at the base of the conceptacle, yellow, filamentous, crowded, becoming septate above into short joints, of which the uppermost gradually mature. Spores formed from cells, which are given off laterally from the joints, and which become abjointed * Professor Marshall Ward considers that the Schinzia leguminosarum of Frank, which causes the tubercular swellings on the roots of the Leguminosa, is allied to the Ustilagineæ, but the evidence (Phil. Trans., 1887, pp. 539-562) adduced by him seems hardly to be conclusive. by transverse septa. Spores spherical or elliptical. Between the spore-forming hyphæ arise bundles of sterile hypha, which grow up out of the peridium and carry up with them the spores. The spores germinate by the development of a filamentous mycelium, or by the formation of fusiform sporidia. From the investigations of E. Fischer, it would appear that this fungus is related to the Ustilaginei both by its spore-formation and by the manner in which its spores germinate. * Graphiola phoenicis. (Moug.) Conceptacles erumpent on the leaves of the host-plant, 1-1.5 mm. wide, 5 mm. high, opening above and allowing the sterile hyphae to protrude. Outer peridium black and corneous; inner peridium delicate, colourless. Sterile hyphæ yellow, protruding 2 mm. or more. Spores en masse yellow, globose or elliptical, 3-6μ across. Membrane thick, colourless, smooth. Synonyms. Schröt. in Cohn, "Krypt. Flor.,” vol. iii. p. 289. Graphiola phanicis, Moug. Schröt., "Krypt. Flor. Schl.," vol. iii. p. 289. Corda, "Anleitung," t. C. 26, Nos. 5-8. Cooke, "Hdbk.," P. 546. On the leaves of Phanix dactylifera in greenhouses. ENTORRHIZA. C. Weber. Mycelium parasitic in the tissues of living plants, producing large spores at the ends of lateral branches. Spores simple, single or numerous in the cells of the host-plant. Epispore thick, germinating by one or more thin germ-tubes, which are sometimes slightly branched, and which develop, both at their ends and lower down, small sickle-shaped promycelial spores + * E. Fischer, Beitrag. zur Kenntniss der Gattung Graphiola. Bot. Zeit., 1883. + C. Weber, Ueber den Pilze der Wurzelanschwellungen von Juncus bufonius. Bot. Zeit., 1884. Entorrhiza cypericola. Magnus. In the cells of the periblem of the living root, causing swellings from 3 mm. thick to 10 mm. long. Spores elliptical, sometimes pointed at the end, 17-20 X 15-17 Epispore thick, yellow or brown, rough with large hemispherical or irregular warts. Promycelial spores crescentic, whorled and very small (Schröt., loc. cit., p. 290). On the roots of Juncus bufonius and lamprocarpus. The Links, Old Aberdeen; Prof. J. W. H. Trail. Mr. P. Cameron records it on Juncus uliginosus and squarrosus. Mycelium parasitic on the hyphæ and spore-beds of the Uredineæ. Spore-beds flat, formed by erect hypha, which bear on their summits conidia. Conidia spherical, smooth, pulverulent, germinating by erect branched promycelia, which bear sickle-shaped promycelial spores. Older spore-beds forming sclerotia (Schröt., loc. cit.). Tuberculina persicina. Ditm. Parasitic upon æcidiospores and uredospores, at first flat, pale violet or dirty red, spore-bearing hyphæ 30-60 × 2-3μ. Conidia globose or shortly elliptical, 7-14μ wide. Epispore smooth, almost colourless, or very pale violet. Sclerotia convex, sometimes globose, smooth externally, violet, internally white.* Schröt., loc. cit., p. 291. Synonyms. Tuberculina persicina, Ditm. Schröt., "Krypt. Flor. Schl.," vol. iii. p. 291. Tuberculina vinosa, Sacc. On Ecidium asperifolii, tussilaginis, Rastelia lacerata. *C. Gobi, Uber Tubercularia persicina Mém. de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, s. vii., t. xxxii., 1884. PROTOMYCES. Unger. Mycelium intercellular, parasitic in the tissues of living plants. Spores formed in the continuity of the mycelial hyphæ, inside the tissues of the living host-plant, causing indurated swellings on the host-plant. Germination by the development of numerous minute sporidia inside the resting spores. (Plate VIII. figs. 14-20.) Protomyces macrosporus. Unger. Tumefactions at first translucent, pale yellow, then white, at length brownish, 1-4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide and thick, firm, at first closed, then open. Spores irregularly spherical or elliptical, 40-80 × 35-60μ. Epispore as much as 5μ thick, pale yellow, contents colourless, sporidia cylindrical, 2—2°2 × 1μ. Synonym. Protomyces macrosporus, Unger. Schröt., loc. cit., p. 259. Cooke, "Micro. Fungi," 4th edit., p. 227. On Egopodium podagraria, Helosciadium nodiflorum, Heracleum sphondylium, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Enanthe crocata. May to October. Protomyces rhizobius. Trail. Spores in the cortex of the roots in groups of from two to eight, spherical, nearly smooth, with very thick walls, pale brown or nearly colourless, 30-33μ in diameter. Synonym. Protomyces rhizobius. Trail, Scott. Nat., January, 1884, p. 125. Protomyces pachydermus. Thüm. Forming elongate or confluent swellings in the leaf-stalk or midrib of the leaves. Spores scattered, intercellular, subglobose or elliptical, thick-walled. Epispore smooth, pale brown, 15-20μ in diameter. |