difference between atonement and redemption, examined; if correct, it does

not settle the controversy. Dr. J. Pye Smith's remarks respecting Armenians,

incorrect. Calvin's remarks on 1 Tim. ii. 1-6, implies that God would have

all men to be saved. The inconsistent method resorted to by restricted re-

demptionists to nullify the doctrine of universal redemption. Dr. Symington's

new version of 1 Tim. ii. 1-6. The opinions of Mr. E. Coles and Mr. Hurrion

on partial redemption. God, as an all-perfect Being, could not will the sal-

vation of all men, if he had not provided for their salvation. The inconsistency

of saying that " God has an open and declared will, and a secret will which is

contrary to it." What is truth with man must be truth with God. The notion

of divine duplicity is dishonouarble to God, and distressing to man. We

ought to believe God's declared will to be consistent with his secret will.

Scripture plainly declares that Christ died for all men. Remarks by A.

Barnes on Heb. ii. 9. The advocates of a limited redemption cannot use

Scripture language to express their creed. The Editor of Blackie's Edition

of "Barnes' Notes" explains away the evident meaning of God's Word.

1 John ii. 1, 2, considered, and other passages of a similar import. To say that

the whole world means the elect world, is a theological figment. The Rev. R.

Morrison on this subject. The 1st epistle of John is a" Catholic Epistle."

The testimonies of Dionysius Alexandrinus, Scott, and Wesley. The idea

which some people hold, that the phrase, "whole world," is used in

Scripture, in a loose and indefinite sense, is unreasonable. A quotation from

Matt. Henry.

XXI. Extent of the Atonement. — Objections answered.

There are some texts of Scripture which seem to speak of Christ as

having died for the elect only; but such passages, when properly considered,

are not at variance with the doctrine of Universal Redemption. A Quotation

from Mr. Carpenter. The fact that all are not saved is no proof that Christ

did not die for all. The death of Christ necessary if only one be saved.

The sacrifice offered by Christ sufficient to atone for all. God, in the gift of

his Son, had other objects in view than redeeming man. A quotation from

Finney. All beings in heaven are benefitted by redemption. Redemption no

failure, whoever be saved, or whoever be lost. Man's salvation conditional.

God uses means for the salvation of sinners. Some of God's ways incompre-

hensible. The reason why God does many things which we cannot comprehend.

"Did Christ die for those who were in hell before his death?"-answered.

The idea of God's reprobating to damnation a portion of the human family, not

scriptural. Dr. Payne and Finney on this subject. A stricture on Mr.

Parke's peculiar notion. The notion that God has so circumstanced some

that they cannot obtain salvation-answered. Young children; idiots;

Heathens. The reasons why we should send heathens the gospel, even if

they can be saved without it. Impenitents. The doctrine of universal

redemption not novel. The Bible must be the standard. Quotations from

Bishop Davenant, Clemens Alexandrinus, Origen, Augustine, Primacius,

Athanasius, Miller, &c., to prove that the doctrine of universal redemption

was held in the primitive ages of Christianity. Cyril, Chrysostom, and

Ambrose-Flodoardus and Gotteschalchus the monk-Luther and Calvin,

believed in universal redemption; so did Bullinger, Benedict, Arctius,

Wolfgang, Latimer, and Bishop Jewel. It is the doctrine of the Church of

England. References to several learned commentators. A quotation from E.

Polhill. Many eminent theologians in the present day advocate this doctrine.

Preached successfully by the various Methodist bodies. The reason why

some Calvinistic divines embrace the limitarian doctrine. A limited atone-

ment inconsistent with the most glorious doctrines of the New Testament.

The Calvinistic notion of the divine decrees is inconsistent with reason and

Scripture, and irreconcilable with the justice of God. A quotation from the

"Evangelical Rep." page 14.

XXII. Extent of the Atonement.-On the Resurrection of the Body.

The resurrection of the body is a doctrine taught in the Bible: though not

so clearly in the Old Testament. Christ considered this doctrine of great

importance, and preached it. The resurrection of the body was distinctly

taught by the apostles. St. Paul's argument in 1 Corinthians xv. considered.

The identity of the body preserved; this is a great mystery. Christ is the

author and efficient cause of the resurrection. The consummation of our sal-

vation. H. Kirke White's poem on the resurrection.

XXIII. The Conditions of Salvation.

Introductory remarks. Good works are not the ground and meritorious

cause of salvation. Repentance: The fallacy and inconsistency of objecting

to repentance. The nature of repentance. The radical meaning of the Latin,

French, and Greek words which are translated repentance. The scriptural

and theological meaning of repentance. Repentance proved to be necessary

to salvation. Faith is necessary to salvation. What saving faith is. Dr.

J. Pye Smith's definition of faith. Faith implies knowledge, or it is collaterally

connected therewith. Wesley's definition of faith. True saving faith ex-

plained in scriptural language. Saving faith produces inward evidence and

full assurance. Faith, in Scripture, is frequently associated with love. Is

faith the gift of God, or the act of man? Various opinions on this subject.

Faith, when properly considered, in all its relationships, is both the gift of

God and the act of man. Does faith precede or follow repentance? The

opinions of Professor Buck and Dr. Dwight on this subject appear incorrect.

General remarks.

XXIV. The Benefits of Redemption.-The Pardon of Sin.

The notions held by the Roman Church respecting the pardon of sins are

false. The notions held by Antinomians are false and dangerous. The par-

doning of sin originates in God's mercy. Christ is the only way whereby

God's pardoning mercy is displayed. The pardoning of our sins is essential

to salvation.

The Benefits of Redemption.-Justification.

The nature of Justification defined. Legal Justification. Justification

considered in a theological sense. Mr. Wesley's definition of Justification.

Justification includes the forgiveness of sins, but, in the judgment of some

theologians, is a more comprehensive term. Justification invests the par-

doned sinner with certain rights and claims, which God, through Christ, is

pleased to bestow. Pardon and Justification not uniformly the same; but

justification and pardon are used in Scripture to denote a state of Salvation.

Is a believer really justified? or "is he only treated as a justified person?

Man's justification is through Christ only. This doctrine is consistent with

infinite justice. The person (Jesus Christ) on account of whose merits millions

of sinners are justified, must be infinitely holy and almighty; he must also

have a human nature; and must therefore be God and man united.

The Benefits of Redemption.-Regeneration.

Various opinions on Regeneration. The radical meaning explained. Rege-

neration does not produce anything new, physically. It does not produce any

additional intellectual attributes, or change the substance of the soul. It

changes the quality of man's spiritual nature, that is to say, his principles,

affections, feelings, &c. It is the work of the Holy Spirit. Regeneration

enlightens the mind, rectifies the will, &c. It is productive of outward holi-.

ness. Some unregenerated persons are moral. Regeneration the commence-

ment of a new life: gives victory over self, sin, the world, and Satan. When

does Regeneration take place? "Baptismal Regeneration" not scriptural.

Regeneration is distinct from mere water baptism: This proved from Scrip-

ture. When does Regeneration take place, when viewed in relation to

pardon and justification? Dr. Dwight's view of Regeneration not scriptural;

shewn to be very defective and unsound. Regeneration is necessary: This

proved from reason and Scripture.

The Benefits of Redemption.-Adoption.

Adoption spoken of in the Scriptures as the grand object of redemption.

The nature of Adoption explained. Civil adoption among the Romans, Egyp-

tians, Jews, and other oriental nations; frequently practised in ancient times.

Divine Adoption is a plan of grace, and an unspeakable benefit and honour con-

ferred on man. How it differs from civil adoption. The time of Adoption

considered in relation to pardon, justification, and regeneration. The Witness

of the Spirit.

XXV. On Imputed Righteousness.

Imputed Righteousness, in relation to the elect. Reference to "Watson's

Institutes." The Antinomian notion. Dr. Crisp. John Agricola. Finney's

Stricture. Calvin's Institutes. Armenius. Wesley's opinion. R. Baxter.

Passages of Scripture relative to this doctrine. The opinions and argu-

ments of Matthew Henry and Bishop Beveridge examined and found

unsound. The true scriptural doctrine of Imputed Righteousness.

XXVI. On Sanctification.

Many incorrect notions on Sanctification. The meaning of the word Sancti-

fication explained. The nature of evangelical holiness and Sanctification

defined. Sanctification implies a disposition and power to resist tempta-

tion; pure and spiritual love; delight in God; resignation to the divine

will; veneration for God, and confidence in God. Sanctification considered

in relation to Justification. When Sanctification takes place. Sanctifica

tion is both an instantaneous and progressive work. A person may be

so entirely sanctified as to live without sin. Various opinions on sinless

perfection.

XXVII. On Final Perseverance.

The Calvinistic view of Final Perseverance. Arguments in favour of the

Calvinistic notion. Perfections of Deity. Sovereign Election. Election

according to the divine foreknowledge. Intrinsic efficacy of Redemption.

The work of the Spirit. Various passages of Scripture examined which

seem to contain the doctrine of Final Perseverance. The possibility of

finally falling, argued from the threatenings of Scripture, &c.: from

Hebrews vi. 3-6, and other passages. Final apostacy proved from sacied

biography. Solomon, once in a state of grace-his apostacy-no account of

his restoration. Judas, once in grace-his fall-his final apostacy. Various

cases of finally falling from grace. The apostatising Jews a warning.

XXVIII. On God's Moral Government.

The subject of Moral Government is profound and mysterious. Reference

to Mr. Finney's remarks. What is implied in Moral Government. Man

is an intelligent and accountable being. God is the Supreme Moral

Governor. Difference of opinion on the origin of Polytheism. Moral

Government in relation to man particularly defined. The rules of Moral

Government. God does not rule over man as an arbitrary despot: God rules

by the law of love. The moral law, or Ten Commandments, considered.

What is implied in man's accountability. God's decrees in reference to

man cannot be eternal, unconditional, and unalterable, as this would be

incompatible with man's accountability. Sanctions, or rewards and punish-

ments. The last judgment. The final sentence. Hell, how spoken of in

Scripture; Milton's description. Heaven will be eternally enjoyed by

Saints.

I. INTRODUCTION.

What is meant by Theology. Various kinds of Theology. Definition of Religion. The mode in which Christian Theology will be discussed in the following dissertations. The Bible is the only infallible standard of faith. The Bible is a divine book. Human systems of Theology; their value. What we are to understand by divine inspiration. An examination of the various kinds of inspiration, plenary, -verbal,- superintending, &c. Proofs of the divinity and infallibility of the Bible;-its preservation from destruction and corruption. No defects of material consequence in our authorised version. Testimony of Learned men. Various Versions of the Old and New Testament. Infidel arguments against the divinity of the Bible answered. Reference to Greece and Rome;-Africa;-the Indoos;-Tartars;-Japanese ;-Chinese, &c. ;--the Romish church in the dark ages. Idolatry in all nations, ancient and modern, barbarous or civilized, where the Word of God is not circulated. Duty of searching the Scriptures and being guided by their teaching. Nothing to be added to, or taken from the Bible.

THEOLOGY is a compound of two Greek words, which in plain English, signifies a discourse on God, or a description of the Divine nature. Considered as a science it includes the doctrines which we are to believe, and the duties we are to practise in connection with a religious life. In order to distinguish the several branches of this sacred science, various descriptives are prefixed to the principal word, such as, natural, moral, scholastic, dogmatic, and speculative Theology.

Each of these descriptives have their definite and significant meaning. The following essays treat on those sub