embellishment of his hotel, and built a grand court of honour, surrounded by arcades in the form of a horseshoe. This court still exists, with an entrance of which the tympanum is adorned by an allegorical figure of History, from a design of Eugène Delacroix. The next Prince de Soubise rendered the hotel famous by the magnificence of his fêtes; his social qualities made him exceptionally popular; and his misfortunes as a general failed to alienate the goodwill of Louis XV., a leniency which he repaid by being the one faithful friend who accompanied the king's corpse to St. Denis. The Hôtel de Soubise is now occupied by the public archives. It retains its beautiful Hôtel Barbette. chapel, painted by Niccolo del Abbate, and the gallery in which the Duc de Guise was walking and meditating upon the possible death of Henri III., when he said, looking at the frescoes on the walls, "Je regarde toujours avec plaisir Duguesclin; il eut la gloire de détrôner un tyran." "Oui certes," the gentleman to whom he spoke had the courage to answer, "mais ce tyran n'était pas son roi; c'était l'ennemi de son pays." We pass rapidly by the site of the Temple, with its terrible associations, for nothing is left to mark the prison of Louis XVI. except a weeping-willow, which the one survivor of the family the Duchesse d'Angoulêmeplanted when she came, after the Restoration, to revisit the scene of her sorrows, and we may cross into the Rue Vieille du Temple. This is full of interesting old houses. No. 47 is the Hôtel de Hollande, which takes its name from having been the residence of the ambassador of Holland under Louis XVI. It was built in the seventeenth century by Pierre Cottard, and at one time was the residence of Beaumarchais. Its court is very rich in sculpture, and at the back of the entrance portal is a great relief by Regnaudin of Romulus and Remus suckled by the wolf, and found by the shepherd Faustulus. The rooms were adorned with bas-reliefs and paintings by Sarazin, Poerson, Vouet, Dorigny, and Corneille. The gateway at No. 87 leads into the courtyard of the stately Palais Cardinal, begun, in 1712, upon part of the site previously occupied by the Hôtel de Soubise. The court of this palace and its surroundings are magnificent of their kind, and were famous as the residence of the handsome and dissolute Cardinal de Rohan, who, utterly duped by the intrigues of a woman calling herself Comtesse Lamotte Valois, was arrested for the "affaire du collier," and imprisoned in the Bastille. It was his trial (followed by an acquittal) which rendered Marie Antoinette unpopular with the clergy and a great part of the aristocracy, besides causing an exposure of court scandals and extravagance fatally injurious to her with the people. The hotel is now used for the Imprimerie Nationale. At the corner of the Rue des Francs Bourgeois is a picturesque and beautiful old house, with an overhanging tourelle, ornamented with niches and pinnacles. It takes its name of Hôtel Barbette from Etienne Barbette, Master of the Mint, and confidential friend of Philippe le Bel, who built a house here in 1298. At that time the house stood in large gardens which occupied the whole space between the Cultures Sainte Catherine, du Temple, and St. Gervais, and which had belonged to the canons of Sainte Opportune. Three more of these vast garden spaces, then called Courtilles, existed in this neighbourhood, those of the Temple, St. Martin, and Boucelais. It is recorded that when the king offended the people in 1306, by altering the value of the coinage, they avenged themselves by tearing up the trees in the Courtille Barbette, as well as by sacking the hotel of the minister. Afterwards the Hôtel Barbette became the property of Jean de Montagu, then sovereign-master of France and vidame de Laonois; and, in 1403, it was bought by the wicked Queen Isabeau de Bavière, wife of Charles VI., Hôtel in the Rue des Francs Bourgeois. and became her favourite residence, known as "le petit séjour de la reine." In 1521 the Hôtel Barbette was inhabited by the old Comte de Brezé, described by Victor Hugo: "Affreux, mal bâti, mal tourné, Marqué d'une verrue au beau milieu du né, Borgne, disent les uns, velu, chétif et blême;" and it is said that his beautiful wife, Diane de Saint Vallier, was leaning against one of the windows of the hotel, when she attracted the attention of Francis I., riding through the street beneath, and first received from that king a passing adoration which laid the foundation of her fortunes as queen of beauty under his successor, Henri II. After the death of Diane in 1566, her daughters, the Duchesses Aumale and Bourbon, sold the Hôtel Barbette, which was pulled down, except the fragment which we still see, and which has lately been restored. The Rue des Francs Bourgeois is full of fine old houses, with stately Renaissance doorways, of which we give a specimen taken from No. 30. finished by Charles de Valois, Duc d'Angoulême, a natural son of Charles IX. In 1684 it was bought by the President de Lamoignon, who gave it his name. The first library of the town of Paris was installed here in 1763. Two wings of noble proportions flank the principal building, decorated with Corinthian pilasters. Here, in allusion to Diane de France (as, in other buildings, to Diane de Poitiers) are shields with stags' heads-the horns held by angels; dogs' heads, crescents, &c. In the north wing is a beautiful balcony, and, at the corner of the street, an overhanging square tourelle. The Rue Pavée once contained the Hôtels de la Houge, de Gaucher, de Châtillon, d'Herbouville, and de Savoisi. Here also, in the centre of an old aristocratic quarter, stood the hôtel of the Duc de la Force, which afterwards became the terrible prison of La Force. It was intended for those in a state of suspicion, and contained five courts, capable of holding twelve hundred captives. During the Great Revolution, these included numbers of the inmates of the neighbouring hotels. The prison was only destroyed in 1851. Of all the tragedies connected with it, that which made most impression was the death of the Princesse de Lamballe, the most faithful of the friends of Marie Antoinette, who, having made good her escape at the time of the flight of the royal family to Vincennes, insisted upon returning to share the misfortunes of her royal mistress. The prisoners in La Force were tried by a self-instituted tribunal, composed from the dregs of Paris. When Madame de Lamballe was dragged before them, surrounded by men whose faces, hands, clothes, and weapons were covered with blood, and heard the cries of the unfortunates who were being murdered in the street, she fainted away. After she was restored by the care of her maid, who had followed her, the so-called judges demanded if she was cognisant of the plots of the tenth of August. "I do not even know if there were any plots," she replied. "Swear liberty, equality, hatred of the king, the queen, and royalty." "I can easily swear the two first," she answered. "I cannot swear the last; it is not in my heart." "Swear, or you are lost!" whispered one of the assistants. The Princess Beauveau, then to the Temple to be shown to the Queen! At the corner of the Rue des Francs Bourgeois and the Rue de Sevigné, formerly Rue Culture S. Catherine, stands the famous Hôtel Carnavalet, built 1544, for the President de Ligneris, from designs of Pierre Lescot and De Bullant, and sold in 1578 to Françoise de la Baume, dame de Carnavalet, who has left her name to it. It was continued by Ducerceau, and was finished by François Mansart in the seventeenth century, though he refused to alter what he considered an architectural masterpiece. The main building is flanked by two pavilions. The lions, which adorn its façade, are from the hand of Jean Goujon, as well as the tympanums and the winged figure on the Hôtel Carnavalet. had scarcely passed the threshold before she received a blow from a sabre at the back of her head. The monsters who held her then tried to force her to walk in the blood and over the corpses of others, to the spot marked out for her own fate, but, happily, her bodily powers again failed, and she sank unconscious. She was immediately despatched by blows from pikes, her clothes were torn off, and her body was exposed for more than two hours to the horrible insults of the people. Then her heart was torn out and her head cut off, an unhappy hairdresser was compelled to curl and powder its long hair, and finally head and heart, preceded by fifes and drums, were carried at the end of pikes, first to the Abbaye, to be exhibited to the intimate friend of the Princess, Madame de keystone of the gateway. In the court, the building facing the entrance is decorated by statues of the Four Seasons from the school of Jean Goujon; the central group of Fame and her messengers is by the great artist himself. The wings, due to Mansart, are enriched by mythological bas-reliefs. The celebrity of the hotel is due to its having been the residence of the famous Marquise de Sevigné from 1677 to 1698. Under Madame de Sevigné and her daughter, Madame de Grignan, the society of the Hôtel Carnavalet became typical of all that was most refined and intellectual in France. It was hence, too, that many of the famous letters were written by the adoring mother to the absent daughter, mingled with complaints that she could not let her unoccupied room-" -"ce logis qui m'a fait tant songer à vous; ce logis que tout le monde vient voir, que tout le monde admire; et que personne ne veut louer." Internally, the house is much altered in its arrangements, though the chamber of Madame de Sevigné is preserved intact. The Hôtel Carnavalet is now occupied by an interesting museum of memorials of the Great Revolution. I ARISTOCRACY OF THE FUTURE. An Unpublished Lecture. BY THE LATE CHARLES KINGSLEY. MAY say at starting, honestly and ear- | drawing; nor study, mathematical, classical, nestly, that to lecture here is a great or of modern languages; nor book-learning pleasure to me; and that I have looked for of any kind. They are good, but they are ward to it for a full year, ever since I was instruction, not education. By education, I first honoured by an invitation hither. And mean the educating, that is the bringing out, for this reason: that I take for granted that of the whole of a man's manhood, of all his you here are picked men; picked for powers faculties and capabilities, all that is or can of body and mind. I believe those two be in him; helping a man, in short, to hatch generally go together. Health, strength, and his own character and intellect, instead of ability of body make usually health, strength, leaving it, as too many do, in the egg, or at and ability of brain; and if I were told to least running about unfledged with the shell pick out the cleverest men in any crowd, I on its head to his dying day. Now I do not should pick out at once not the tallest, but doubt that, working here, you get many elethe strongest and best-made men in it, and ments of a good education. I should say say, "There I may have made a few mis- that you ought to get some of the best. The takes; I may have left out a weakly genius steady hard work of brain, and the intense or two; and I may have taken in a huge attention to which some of you are comfool or two. But on the whole, there are pelled, ought to give you something of the men whose wits I will warrant to do the best work." At all events, I take for granted that you are an audience to whom I may speak freely and hopefully; because, whether you know much or little, and whatever your opinions may be, you are likely to be neither silly nor stupid and therefore the only people with whom one cannot get on with the stupid people, who cannot understand, and with the silly people, who do not wish to understand. Now you may ask why I, a parson, choose to lecture on Natural Science. I may say, because I am a parson and a minister of God; and as such, it is my duty and calling to make men better and wiser whenever and however I can do so. But if any of you answer-So then he is lecturing on Natural Science on false pretences: he is going to give us a sermon in disguise-you may set your minds at rest. In the first place, I never preach sermons about Nature and Science. I have faith enough in God's works, to believe that they will preach much better sermons about themselves, than I can preach about them. And next it is my duty, I hold, as a parson, and also as a man who knows the blessings of education, to help every one who is willing to educate himself. But by education, I mean what the word really means not merely art-practice, like • Given at the Railway Works, Crewe, July 11, 1871. "The reason firm, the temperate will, and without these a man is not a man, but only a piece of man's flesh. What says the proverb? 'Every man in this world must be either hammer or anvil ;" and if he has not the qualities which I just mentioned, he will be nothing but anvil for those who have them, and who are the hammers to thump away on him through life, and make their profit out of him, while he gets monkey's allowance, all the kicks and none of the coppers. But I think also, that some of you younger men at least may need more education than your profession will give you. You may be tempted to think-not too much about it— that you cannot do; but too exclusively about it to think of nothing else. Now, my dear friend Mr. Carlyle's rule is "Do the duty which lies nearest you;" and a good rule it is, as I know well. The duty which lies nearest you, is to master railway matters, each in his own line. Still a man cannot always be doing one thing, however necessary and profitable. He must have amusement, relaxation. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy: and what is more, all work and no play will often make Jack a dead boy, and kill him; as I have known over-study kill too many young Scotsmen-often, poor fellows, living on insufficient food-who are, for persevering hard work, and for noble and self-restraining am bition, the finest fellows, some of them, whom I have ever met. he found it so, poor lad. I know, as another case, that the heads of a great firm wished to Well all work and no play makes Jack a give their men amusement in the winter dull boy. But that is no reason why a fair evenings, and got distinguished scientific share of work and a fair share of play should men to come and give them scientific evenmake Jack a blackguard. That it does so ing lectures, such as rich folk would have now and then, we all know. What Jack gladly paid a high price to hear. Now these wants is, after his fair share of work, play men, as their business required, were picked which shall make him a wiser man, not a more men; men of intellect above the average; foolish; a better man, and not a worse. He and yet, to their employers' astonishment, wants play which shall educate him out of they did not care for the lectures. And the work hours; that is, bring out in him, plea- reason why came out. Their minds were santly of course and easily, more than his so overstrained by continual attention, and mere work brings out. And I say that he continual confinement at their dull work, can find that in studying Natural Science. that they did not want any more wisdom, poor lads. They preferred a little wholesome folly instead; and confessed privately that a comic entertainment, or Christy's Minstrels, or anything, in short, which would give them a good laugh, suited their stomachs much better; and perhaps they were right, as far as they went. But still we shall all agree a man's brains and heart would be a good deal wasted if the workshop all day and Christy's Minstrels in the evening were all he had to care for or think of. Some of you perhaps may wonder why I should urge on you, of all men, the pursuit of Natural Science. For are you not too absorbed in one branch of it already? Have you not too much Natural Science already? Would it not have been better to have talked to you on poetry, philosophy, politics? By all means learn about them; refresh and amuse your minds, and expand and refine your minds also, in every way you can but still let me plead a little to-night for my pet subject of Natural Science; for natural history, commonly so-called, or the study of animals; for botany, for geology, for astronomy, for chemistry, for meteorology -the science of the weather; for all studies, in a word, which bear upon the facts of this wondrous world in which we live. I say this wondrous world; and I want you to study Natural Science just because you will be tempted to forget that it is a wondrous world. We are all tempted continually to take a sordid, mechanical view of the world and of life, and forget that there is any thing in it beautiful, or wonderful, or ennobling; to say, Let me alone to earn my money and spend it, for that is the whole duty of man. We are all tempted to go through life like Peter Bell in Wordsworth's poem, each man beating his donkey and selling his pots, while— "A primrose on the river's brim, A yellow primrose was to him, And when we are really hard-worked, day after day, whether in body or in mind, we are tempted to make our very amusements unintellectual and sordid. I do not approve, of course, of the old-fashioned collier, whose one thought as soon as he came up out of the dull and dingy pit, was whether his dog could fight his neighbour's dog. I do not approve, but I excuse him. What he wanted was excitement after his dull drudgery: and But that is the direction-to be what I call sordid-in which we all are tempted in these hard-working, go-ahead days, in which, from the excess of competition, a man must work terribly hard, unnaturally hard, if he intends to succeed at all. Daily life is such a hard schoolroom that out of school-hours we want to play just like children; and when some wise man comes and tells us, with a solemn face, that life is not all beer and skittles, some are tempted to answer with a sigh-"So much the worse for life. What a fine thing it would be if life were all beer and skittles; provided, of course, we always won at the skittles, and the other man paid for the beer." Now what is wanted for such hard-worked men is a pursuit for their leisure hours which will at once interest and amuse them by turning their minds entirely away from their work, and so refreshing them; and will also keep their minds in a wholesome tone whether for work or play; which will expand their intellects and hearts, and prevent their becoming contracted, and brooding only over selfish gain and selfish pleasure; which will call out those nobler faculties which lie in the heart and head of every true manimagination, wonder, reverence, the sense of beauty, the sense of the infinite grandeur and complexity of the world in which they live; and the sense too of their own ignorance-important, most important is that |