rights in Tibet, which was led by hundreds of Tibetan monks, was violently broken up by Chinese authorities and 27 Tibetan Buddhist monks were arrested;

(3) in the wake of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's five point peace plan, which was presented to Members of the United States Congress during his visit to Washington in September 1987, Chinese authorities in Tibet staged, on September 24, 1987, a mass political rally at which three Tibetans were given death sentences, two of whom were executed immediately;

(4) beginning October 7, 1950, the Chinese Communist army invaded and occupied Tibet;

(5) since that time, the Chinese Government has exercised dominion over the Tibetan people, who had always considered themselves as independent, through the presence of a large occupation force;

(6) over 1,000,000 Tibetans perished from 1959 to 1979 as a direct result of the political instability, executions, imprisonment, and widescale famine engendered by the policies of the People's Republic of China in Tibet;

(7) after 1950, particularly during the ravages of China's Cultural Revolution, over 6,000 monasteries, the repositories of 1,300 years of Tibet's ancient civilization, were destroyed and their irreplaceable national legacy of art and literature either destroyed, stolen, or removed from Tibet;

(8) the exploitation of Tibet's vast mineral, forest, and animal reserves has occurred with limited benefit to the Tibetan people;

(9) Tibet's economy and education, health, and human services remain far below those of the People's Republic of China as a whole;

(10) the People's Republic of China has encouraged a large influx of Han-Chinese into Tibet, thereby undermining the political and cultural traditions of the Tibetan people;

(11) there are credible reports of many Tibetans being incarcerated in labor camps and prisons and killed for the nonviolent expression of their religious and political beliefs;

(12) His Holiness the Dalai Lama, spiritual and temporal leader of the Tibetan people, in conjunction with the 100,000 refugees forced into exile with him, has worked tirelessly for almost 30 years to secure peace and religious freedom in Tibet, as well as the preservation of the Tibetan culture;

(13) in 1959, 1961, and 1965, the United Nations General Assembly called upon the People's Republic of China to end the violations of Tibetans' human rights;

(14) on July 24, 1985, 91 Members of the Congress signed a letter to President Li Xiannian of the People's Republic of China expressing support for direct talks between Beijing and representatives of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the Tibetans in exile, and urging the Government of the People's Republic of China "to grant the very reasonable and justified aspirations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his people every consideration";

(15) on September 27, 1987, the chairman and ranking minority member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the chairman and ranking minority member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and the Co-Chairman of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus signed a letter to his Excellency Zhao Ziyang, the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of China, expressing their "grave concern with the present situation in Tibet and welcome(d) His Holiness the Dalai Lama's (five point) proposal as an historic step toward resolving the important question of Tibet and alleviating the suffering of the Tibetan people... (and) express (ing) their full support for his proposal."; and

(16) there has been no positive response by the Government of the People's Republic of China to either of these communications. (b) STATEMENT OF POLICIES.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the United States should express sympathy for those Tibetans who have suffered and died as a result of fighting, persecution, or famine over the past four decades;

(2) the United States should make the treatment of the Tibetan people an important factor in its conduct of relations with the People's Republic of China;

(3) the Government of the People's Republic of China should respect internationally recognized human rights and end human rights violations against Tibetans;

(4) the United States should urge the Government of the People's Republic of China to actively reciprocate the Dalai Lama's efforts to establish a constructive dialogue on the future of Tibet;

(5) Tibetan culture and religion should be preserved and the Dalai Lama should be commended for his efforts in this regard; (6) the United States, through the Secretary of State, should address and call attention to the rights of the Tibetan people, as well as other non-Han-Chinese within the People's Republic of China such as the Uighurs of Eastern Turkestan (Xinjiang), and the Mongolians of Inner Mongolia;

(7) the President should instruct United States officials, including the United States Ambassadors to the People's Republic of China and India, to pay greater attention to the concerns of the Tibetan people and to work closely with all concerned about human rights violations in Tibet in order to find areas in which the United States Government and people can be helpful; and

(8) the United States should urge the People's Republic of China to release all political prisoners in Tibet.

(c) TRANSFER OF DEFENSE ARTICLES.-With respect to any sale, licensed export, or other transfer of any defense articles or defense services to the People's Republic of China, the United States Government shall, consistent with United States law, take into account the extent to which the Government of the People's Republic of China is acting in good faith and in a timely manner to resolve human rights issues in Tibet.

(d) MIGRATION AND REFUGEE ASSISTANCE.-Within 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall determine whether the needs of displaced Tibetans are similar to those of displaced persons and refugees in other parts of the world and shall report that determination to the Congress. If the Secretary makes a positive determination, of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the Department of State for "Migration and Refugee Assistance" for each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989, such sums as are necessary shall be made available for assistance for displaced Tibetans. The Secretary of State shall determine the best means for providing such assistance.

(e) SCHOLARSHIPS.-For each of the fiscal years 1988 and 1989, the Director of the United States Information Agency shall make available to Tibetan students and professionals who are outside Tibet not less than 15 scholarships for study at institutions of higher education in the United States.

SEC. 1244. SUPPORT FOR THE RIGHT OF SELF-DETERMINATION FOR THE CAMBODIAN PEOPLE.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, in violation of its obligations under international law including the United Nations Charter, invaded Cambodia in December 1978;

(2) in January 1979, Vietnam installed a puppet government in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, headed by Heng Samrin;

(3) eight years later Vietnam continues, with Soviet backing, to occupy Cambodia with some 140,000 troops;

(4) by invading and occupying Cambodia, the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam violated its obligation, undertaken upon becoming a member of the United Nations in 1977, not to use force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state;

(5) Vietnam has attempted to submerge Cambodian culture and heritage through the settlement of large numbers of Vietnamese in Cambodia;

(6) human rights observers have noted a pattern of torture, political detention, inhumane treatment, and other abuses of human rights by officials of the Vietnamese-backed puppet Cambodian regime;

(7) the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia has compounded the hardship and suffering of a people which had previously suffered barbaric crimes of genocide under Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge and has caused hundreds of thousands of Cambodians to flee their own country;

(8) in recognition of the illegal occupation of Cambodia by the Vietnamese, the United Nations has refused to recognize the credentials of the Heng Samrin regime and has instead continued to recognize the credentials of the Government in Exile led by Prince Norodom Sihanouk;

(9) the member states of the United Nations for the eighth time, and by a record vote, approved a resolution at the fortysecond session of the General Assembly calling for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Cambodia;

(10) the 1981 United Nations-sponsored International Conference on Kampuchea called for the early withdrawal of foreign troops and the holding of free elections under United Nations supervision;

(11) the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has thus far rejected the efforts of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and supported by the United States to resolve the situation in Cambodia; and

(12) in the absence of a settlement, the non-Communist Cambodian forces continue to wage a war of resistance against Vietnamese occupation forces. (b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.-The Congress

(1) deplores the continued violation of the sovereignty and territorial independence of Cambodia by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;

(2) calls upon the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to immediately withdraw all of its occupation forces from Cambodia and to negotiate a settlement which restores self-determination to the Cambodian people;

(3) believes that such negotiations and withdrawal by Vietnam, together with a satisfactory accounting of Americans still missing in action, would constitute positive steps that would help facilitate the prospect of an end to Vietnam's isolation in the world community and an improvement of its relations with the United States;

(4) supports the efforts of the member nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the United Nations Secretary General, and the non-Communist Cambodian people to achieve a political settlement which would include such elements as internationally supervised free and fair elections, as well as assurances that there will be no return to the genocidal policies of the Pol Pot regime;

(5) supports efforts to establish an international tribunal to bring to justice those Khmer Rouge leaders during the reign of Pol Pot, and any others, responsible for crimes of genocide against the Cambodian people; and

(6) calls upon the international community to observe a special day of remembrance

(A) in recognition of the suffering of the Cambodian people under Pol Pot,

(B) in protest of the efforts of Vietnam to suppress the basic human rights, culture, and way of life of the Cambodian people, and

(C) in protest of the illegal occupation of Cambodia by Vietnamese troops.

SEC. 1245. HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the advancement of human rights is a stated objective of the foreign policy of the United States;

(2) the constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech, press, and peaceful assembly have not been adequately respected in the People's Republic of China;

(3) the exercise of religious activities has a detrimental effect on a participant's civil, social, and economic status within the People's Republic of China;

(4) the freedom of movement and the freedom to form independent trade unions and other voluntary associations are severely curtailed;

(5) there have been some encouraging developments including an effort by the current leadership of the People's Republic of China to develop economic policies without regard to a rigid application of Maoist ideology; and

(6) the American people desire to extend their moral support to the struggle for freedom and justice within the People's Republic of China.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that the leadership of the People's Republic of China should take necessary steps toward establishing a more democratic society, with a free and open political system that will protect the essential human rights of all people living within that country.

SEC. 1246. DEMOCRACY IN TAIWAN.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) stability and peace prevail on the island of Taiwan and in the Western Pacific region;

(2) economic vitality, educational advancement, and social progress have created conditions favoring the furtherance of democracy in Taiwan;

(3) the people of Taiwan, in both national and local elections, have shown themselves fully capable of participating in a democratic political process;

(4) the authorities on Taiwan are nurturing a transition toward more truly democratic and representative political institutions, although a minority of the seats in the central legislature and central electoral college are filled through periodic elections, with the majority of seats still being held by individuals who took office in the late 1940s;

(5) on September 28, 1986, Taiwan's democratic opposition announced the formation of the Democratic Progressive Party;

(6) on October 7, 1986, President Chiang Ching-kuo, announced that the Kuomintang intended to end the state of martial law and to lift the ban on the creation of new political parties;

(7) the lifting of martial law in July and the release of detainees symbolize the growing respect for human rights and freedom of expression on Taiwan;

(8) the Kuomintang has indicated a desire over the next few years to make more representative Taiwan's central representative bodies, to broaden decisionmaking within the Nationalist Party, to enhance the rule of law, and to increase the powers of local-level government; and

(9) our common commitment to democratic institutions and values is an increasingly strong bond between the people of the United States and the people of Taiwan and an acceleration of progress toward a full democracy on Taiwan, including full re