(3) During the past year, however, the collapse in the value of the Lebanese pound from less than 40 to the dollar to nearly 300 has made the importation of wheat, rice, and other basic commodities prohibitively expensive.

(4) As a result, for the first time, the Lebanese are faced with the prospect of starvation.

(5) Hizballah and other radical elements are taking advantage of the current economic crisis by providing foreign supplied food. In so doing, they are winning converts to their cause and radicalizing the youth.

(6) It is in the interest of the United States to support the traditional Lebanese free enterprise system of distribution of food which until now has been able to compete successfully with these radical movements.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that the United States should base its policy toward Lebanon on the following principles:

(1) Preservation of the unity of Lebanon.

(2) Withdrawal of all foreign forces from Lebanon.

(3) Recognition of and respect for the territorial integrity of Lebanon.

(4) Reassertion of Lebanese sovereignty throughout the nation and recognition that it is the responsibility of the Government of Lebanon for its safekeeping.

(5) Reestablishment of the authority of the Government of Lebanon throughout the nation is a prerequisite for a lasting solution to the problem of international terrorism emanating from Lebanon.

(c) FURTHER SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the further sense of Congress that the provision of at least 200,000 tons of wheat and 30,000 tons of rice through Public Law 480, title I and section 416 of the Agriculture Act of 1949 to the Government of Lebanon is in the interest of the United States. Provision of this assistance will meet the United States policy objective of strengthening the Central Government as well as helping alleviate a serious hunger problem.

SEC. 1233. ACTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE PERSIAN GULF.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress makes the following findings:

(1) According to Article 2 of the 1958 Geneva Convention on the High Seas, every state is entitled to exercise free and open use of the high seas for the navigation of its vessels.

(2) On September 22, 1987, United States Navy forces discovered the Iranian ship Iran Ajr laying mines in international waters of the Persian Gulf, and fired upon that ship to help terminate the mining.

(3) On September 23, 1987, President Reagan declared that this United States action was "authorized by law", and a statement was issued by the State Department that the United States had the right under international law to use "reasonable and proportionate force" to terminate the mining. (b) POLICY.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) by mining the high seas of the Persian Gulf without notifying nonbelligerent nations engaged in maritime commerce, the Government of Iran violated international law;

(2) the use of force by the United States Navy to terminate that Iranian mining was justified under international law; and (3) fostering broader adherence to international law promotes the security interests of the United States.

SEC. 1234. UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the continuation of the Iran-Iraq war threatens the security and stability of all states in the Persian Gulf;

(2) stability in the Persian Gulf and the flow of oil is critical to world trade and the economic health of the West;

(3) the conflict between Iran and Iraq threatens United States strategic and political interests in the region;

(4) the conflict threatens international commercial shipping interests and activities; and

(5) the Iran-Iraq war has continued seven years with more than 1,500,000 casualties.

(b) POLICY.-The Congress declares it to be the policy of the United States consistent with United Nations Security Council Resolution 598–—

(1) to support the withdrawal of both Iran and Iraq to internationally recognized boundaries;

(2) to support an immediate cease-fire;

(3) to endorse the peaceful resolution of this conflict under the auspices of the United Nations;

(4) to encourage all governments to refrain from providing military supplies to any party which refuses to abide by United Nations Security Council Resolution 598;

(5) to recognize that stability and security in the Persian Gulf will only be achieved if Iran and Iraq are at peace and agree not to interfere in the affairs of other nations through military action or the support of terrorism; and

(6) to urge strict observance of international humanitarian law by both sides and to support financially the International Committee of the Red Cross' special appeal for prisoners of

war.

SEC. 1235. IRAN HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS.
(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that-

(1) the United Nations has passed nine resolutions condemning the violation of human rights in Iran;

(2) the United Nations Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities stressed in Resolution 1987-12 that to date, more than two-hundred thousand Iranians have been imprisoned, tortured or executed because of their beliefs;

(3) the United Nations Commission on Human Rights confirms seven thousand executions in Iran between 1978 and 1985, and attests that the actual number is probably much higher;

(4) despite the persistent requests over the past six years by the United Nations and by many human rights organizations

that the Iranian Government allow a special representative of the United Nations Security Council to inspect Iranian prisons and to determine the true extent of torture in Iran, such requests have been ignored by the Iranian Government;

(5) executions, including executions of children and members of religious minorities, still take place in Iran;

(6) the Khomeini government has brought the domestic economy of Iran to the brink of ruin by pouring the resources of the country into war making;

(7) Iran has rejected all proposals to end the seven year IranIraq war;

(8) Iran has not responded positively to United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 which calls for an end to the IranIraq war;

(9) the Khomeini government continues to attack and intimidate the other countries of the Persian Gulf region; and

(10) it is known that the Khomeini government supports terrorism and has used hostage taking as an instrument of foreign policy.

(b) POLICY.-Now, therefore, the Congress

(1) expresses concern for those citizens who must endure war and unprecedented repression;

(2) supports an official United States policy of completely halting the shipment of any kind of armament to the Government of Iran; and

(3) urges that the President continue to make every effort to cooperate with the other nations of the United Nations to bring about an end to government sponsored torture in Iranian prisons, to pressure Iran to permit inspection of Iranian prisons by an international delegation, and to respect internationally recognized human rights.

SEC. 1236. IRANIAN PERSECUTION OF THE BAHA'IS.

(a) POLICY.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the Government of Iran has systematically discriminated against the Baha'i community, including the arbitrary detention, torture, and killing of Baha'is, the seizure of Baha'i property, and the outlawing of the Baha'i faith; and

(2) Iran's gross violations of the human rights of the Baha'i community are in direct contravention of the Charter of the United Nations and the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICY.-It is the sense of Congress that the President shall take all necessary steps to focus international attention on the plight of the Baha'i community and to bring pressure to bear on the Government of Iran to cease its insidious policy of persecution.

PART E-ASIA

SEC. 1241. SOVIET OCCUPATION OF AFGHANISTAN.

(a) FINDINGS ON SOVIET ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN.-The Congress finds that

(1) the Soviet Union has been waging war against the people of Afghanistan since the invasion of December 25, 1979;

(2) the victims of the Soviet invasion and occupation include more than 1,000,000 dead and more than 3,000,000 Afghans forced to find refuge in neighboring countries;

(3) Soviet military tactics have included the bombing and napalming of villages without regard to the human toll, the destruction of crops, agricultural land, and orchards so as to create famine conditions, and the massacre of hostages and other innocent civilians;

(4) children have been particular victims of Soviet aggression, with some being targeted for death by the dropping of booby-trapped toys while other children have been transported to the Soviet Union for indoctrination;

(5) the Soviet-installed puppet regime has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of the human rights of its own citizens, including torture and summary execution, for which its Soviet sponsors must also be held accountable; and

(6) Soviet actions in Afghanistan constitute a violation of international law and of accepted norms of human decency and, therefore, must be condemned by civilized people everywhere.

(b) FINDINGS ON THE AFGHAN RESISTANCE.-The Congress further finds that

(1) the Afghan people have heroically resisted the Soviet invaders in spite of the tremendous cost of so doing and now control most of their homeland;

(2) the provision of effective assistance to the Afghan people is an obligation of those who cherish freedom;

(3) a total and prompt withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Afghanistan is essential in order for the Afghan people to exercise their inalienable human right to self-determination; and

(4) a negotiated settlement providing for the total and prompt withdrawal of Soviet forces offers the best prospect for an early end to the suffering of the Afghan people.

(c) DECLARATION OF POLICY.-The Congress, therefore, declares it to be the policy of the United States

(1) to provide such assistance to the Afghan people as will most effectively help them resist the Soviet invaders;

(2) to support a negotiated settlement to the Afghanistan war providing for the prompt withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Afghanistan within a time frame based solely on logistical criteria; and

(3) to communicate clearly to the Government and people of the Soviet Union the necessity of a Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan as a condition for better relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.

(d) PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE.-The President and Secretary of State are directed to adopt policies and programs to ensure that all assistance intended for the Afghan people reaches its intended recipients and that theft or diversion of such assistance not be tolerated.

SEC. 1242. REPORT ON ADMINISTRATION POLICY ON AFGHANISTAN. (a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) each of the substantive sanctions imposed on the Soviet Union by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan have been lifted;

(2) although the administration's policy on Afghanistan states that only "steadily increasing pressure on all frontsmilitary, political, diplomatic-will induce the Soviets to make the political decision to negotiate the withdrawal of their forces", political and diplomatic pressures on the Soviet Union have decreased rather than increased;

(3) in the absence of a coordinated and aggressive policy by the administration regarding the war in Afghanistan, the Congress has been forced to unilaterally implement numerous programs to bring "steadily increasing pressure" to bear on the Soviet Union; and

(4) despite the failure of Soviet troops to withdraw from Afghanistan, and the serious deterioration with regard to the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, the administration is planning to lift further sanctions and initiate increasing areas of cooperation with the Soviet Union.

(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS. (1) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee with a report listing each sanction imposed against the Soviet Union by the United States since the first anniversary of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a detailed explanation for the lifting of each sanction, and a detailed analysis of the benefit to the Soviet Union incurred by the lifting of each sanction.

(2) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee a comprehensive list of all areas of ongoing cooperation that could be withheld from the Soviet Union.

(3) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall provide the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee with a detailed and comprehensive report in a suitably classified form, and in an unclassified form, containing the disposition of Soviet military forces in the Afghanistan region and an account of any troop withdrawals and any new troop deployments.

SEC. 1243. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN TIBET BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) on October 1, 1987, Chinese police in Lhasa fired upon several thousand unarmed Tibetan demonstrators, which included hundreds of women, children, and Tibetan Buddhist monks, killing at least six and wounding many others;

(2) on September 27, 1987, a peaceful demonstration in Lhasa calling for Tibetan independence and the restoration of human