(3) Collaborative international nuclear security and nuclear safety projects to combat the threat of nuclear theft, terrorism. or accidents, including joint emergency response exercises. technical assistance, and training.

(4) Efforts to improve international cooperative monitoring of nuclear proliferation through joint technical projects and improved intelligence sharing.

(c) FORM OF ASSISTANCE. (1) Assistance under this section may include funds and in-kind contributions of supplies, equipment, personnel, training, and other forms of assistance.

(2) Assistance under this section may be provided to international organizations in the form of funds only if the amount in the "Contributions to International Organizations" account of the De partment of State is insufficient or otherwise unavailable to meet the United States fair share of assessments for international nucle ar nonproliferation activities.

(3) No amount may be obligated for an expenditure under this section unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget determines that the expenditure will be counted agains the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for fisca year 1993 (as defined in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressiona Budget Act of 1974) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.

(4) No assistance may be furnished under this section unless the Secretary of Defense determines and certifies to the Congress 30 days in advance that the provision of such assistance

(A) is in the national security interest of the United States. and

(B) will not adversely affect the military preparedness of the United States.

(5) The authority to provide assistance under this section in the form of funds may be exercised only to the extent and in the amounts provided in advance in appropriations Act.

(d) SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE. (1) Funds provided as assistance under this section shall be derived from amounts made available to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1993 or from balances in working capital accounts of the Department of Defense.

(2) Supplies and equipment provided as assistance under this section may be provided, by loan or donation, from existing stocks of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy.

(3) The total amount of the assistance provided in the form of funds under this section may not exceed $40,000,000. Of such amount, not more than $20,000,000 may be used for the activities of the On-Site Inspection agency in support of the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq.

(4) Not less than 30 days before obligating any funds to provide assistance under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in subsection (e)2) a report on the proposed obligation. Each such report shall specify(A) the account, budget activity, and particular program or programs from which the funds proposed to be obligated are to be derived and the amount of the proposed obligation; and

(B) the activities and forms of assistance for which the Secretary of Defense plans to obligate the funds.

(e) QUARTERLY REPORT.-(1) Not later than 30 days after the end of each quarter of fiscal year 1993, the Secretary of Defense shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in paragraph (2) a report of the activities to reduce the proliferation threat carried out under this section. Each report shall set forth (for the preceding quarter and cumulatively)—

(A) the amounts spent for such activities and the purposes for which they were spent;

(B) a description of the participation of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy and the participation of other Government agencies in those activities; and

(C) a description of the activities for which the funds were spent. (2) The committees of Congress to which reports under paragraph (1) and under subsection (d)(2) are to be transmitted are

(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.

(f) AVOIDANCE OF DUPLICATIVE AUTHORIZATIONS.-This section shall not apply if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts the same authorities and requirements as are contained in this section and authorizes the appropriation of the same (or a greater) amount to carry out such authorities.

SEC. 510.19 REPORT ON SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall prepare, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, and shall transmit to the Congress a report on the possible alternatives for the ultimate disposition of special nuclear materials of the former Soviet Union. This report shall include

(1) a cost-benefit analysis comparing (A) the relative merits of the indefinite storage and safeguarding of such materials in the independent states of the former Soviet Union and (B) its acquisition by the United States by purchase, barter, or other

means;

(2) a discussion of relevant issues such as the protection of United States uranium producers from dumping, the relative vulnerability of these stocks of special nuclear materials to illegal proliferation, and the potential electrical and other savings associated with their being made available in the fuel cycle in the United States; and

(3) a discussion of how highly enriched uranium stocks could be diluted for reactor fuel.

19 22 U.S.C. 5860.

SEC. 511.20 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION.

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.-The Director of the National Science Foundation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Director") is authorized to establish an endowed, nongovernmental, nonprofit foundation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Foundation") in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

(b) PURPOSES.-The purposes of the Foundation shall be the following:

(1) To provide productive research and development opportu nities within the independent states of the former Soviet Union that offer scientists and engineers alternatives to emigration and help prevent the dissolution of the technological infrastructure of the independent states.

(2) To advance defense conversion by funding civilian collaborative research and development projects between scientists and engineers in the United States and in the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

(3) To assist in the establishment of a market economy in the independent states of the former Soviet Union by promoting. identifying, and partially funding joint research, development. and demonstration ventures between United States businesses and scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in those independent states.

(4) To provide a mechanism for scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in the independent states of the former Soviet Union to develop an understanding of commercial business practices by establishing linkages to United States scientists, engineers, and businesses.

(5) To provide access for United States businesses to sophisticated new technologies, talented researchers, and potential new markets within the independent states of the former Soviet Union.

(c) FUNCTIONS.-In carrying out its purposes, the Foundation shall

(1) promote and support joint research and development projects for peaceful purposes between scientists and engineers in the United States and independent states of the former Soviet Union on subjects of mutual interest; and'

(2) seek to establish joint nondefense industrial research, development, and demonstration activities through private sector linkages which may involve participation by scientists and engineers in the university or academic sectors, and which shall include some contribution from industrial participants. (d) FUNDING.

20 22 U.S.C. 5861.

(1) USE OF CERTAIN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FUNDS. (A) To the extent funds appropriated to carry out subtitle E of title XIV of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (relating to joint research and development programs with the independent states of the former Soviet Union) are otherwise available for such purpose, such funds may be made

available to the Director for use by the Director in establishing the endowment of the Foundation and otherwise carrying out this section.21

(B) For each fiscal year after fiscal year 1993, not more than 50 percent of the funds made available to the Foundation by the United States Government may be funds appropriated in the national defense budget function (function 050).

(2) CONTRIBUTION TO ENDOWMENT BY PARTICIPATING INDEPENDENT STATES.-As a condition of participation in the Foundation, an independent state of the former Soviet Union must make a minimum contribution to the endowment of the Foundation, as determined by the Director, which shall reflect the ability of the independent state to make a financial contribution and its expected level of participation in the Foundation's programs.

(3) DEBT CONVERSIONS.-To the extent provided in advance by appropriations Acts, local currencies or other assets resulting from government-to-government debt conversions may be made available to the Foundation. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "debt conversion" means an agreement whereby a country's government-to-government or commercial external debt burden is exchanged by the holder for local currencies, policy commitments, other assets, or other economic activities, or for an equity interest in an enterprise theretofore owned by the debtor government.

(4) LOCAL CURRENCIES.—In addition to other uses provided by law, and subject to agreement with the foreign government, local currencies generated by United States assistance programs may be made available to the Foundation.

(5) INVESTMENT OF GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE.-The Foundation may invest any revenue provided to it through United States Government assistance, and any interest earned on such investment may be used only for the purpose for which the assistance was provided.

(6) OTHER FUNDS FROM GOVERNMENT AND NONGOVERNMENTAL SOURCES.-The Foundation may accept such other funds as may be provided to it by Government agencies or nongovernmental entities.

21 For title XIV of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102-484; 106 Stat. 2563; 22 U.S.C. 5901 et seq.), see page 1131.

3. Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty Implementation Act of 1991

Partial text of Public Law 102-228 (H.R. 3807], 105 Stat. 1691, approved December 12, 1991; amended by Public Law 102-484 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993, H.R. 5006], 106 Stat. 2315, approved October 23, 1992; and by Public Law 102-511 [FREEDOM Support Act, S. 2532], 106 Stat. 3320, approved October 24, 1992

AN ACT To amend the Arms Export Control Act to authorize the President to transfer battle tanks, artillery pieces, and armored combat vehicles to member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in conjunction with imple mentation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.1 SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the "Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty Implementation Act of 1991".

SEC. 2.2 AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER CERTAIN CFE TREATY-LIMITED EQUIPMENT TO NATO MEMBERS.

The Arms Export Control Act is amended by adding at the end the following:

"CHAPTER 9-TRANSFER OF CERTAIN CFE TREATY-
LIMITED EQUIPMENT TO NATO MEMBERS

"SEC. 91.3 PURPOSE.

"The purpose of this chapter is to authorize the President to support, consistent with the CFE Treaty, a NATO equipment transfer program that will

"(1) enhance NATO's forces,

"(2) increase NATO standardization and interoperability, and

"(3) better distribute defense burdens within the NATO alli

ance.

"SEC. 92. CFE TREATY OBLIGATIONS.

"The authorities provided in this chapter shall be exercised consistent with the obligations incurred by the United States in connection with the CFE Treaty.

"SEC. 93.5 AUTHORITIES.

"(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.-The President may transfer to any NATO/CFE country, in accordance with NATO plans, defense articles

122 U.S.C. 2751 note.

2 Sec. 2 added a new chapter 9 to the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2799). See also Leg islation on Foreign Relations Through 1992, vol. I, beginning at page 389.

322 U.S.C. 2799.

22 U.S.C. 2799a.

B

22 U.S.C. 2799b.