Nogales, Ariz.; Del Rio, Tex.; Laredo, Tex.; and Harlingen, Tex. This staff directs the negotiations, provides the general technical guidance, and represents administration of the entire United States section. All activities performed by this staff, and its field offices, relate to reciprocal treaty obligations assumed by the United States and Mexico, and to general policy determinations by the President, the Secretary of State, and the Congress, in connection with border problems relating to flood control, division of waters between the two countries, storage and conservation of international waters, boundary determination and demarcation and related matters requiring joint action.

RIO GRANDE EMERGENCY FLOOD PROTECTION

As the committee knows, for many years there has been available an appropriation to finance emergency repairs and maintenance activities on the Rio Grande. This fund is used only when emergency conditions arise and regular operation and maintenance requirements are never financed from it. In the past this fund has been maintained at around $200,000 as a standby to meet emergency flood conditions.

GENERAL

As the Commission brings to a close the construction of Falcon Dam and powerplants, I should like to take this occasion to express to the committee, on behalf of the United States section, our appreciation for the understanding and assistance which the committee has given over the past 4 years in the handling of our requests for funds. As we take up other aspects of the program envisaged by the two Governments in the water treaty of 1944, we earnestly hope that we shall continue to merit the support and assistance of this committee.

May I say in conclusion, Mr. Chairman, that our relationships with our Mexican colleagues continue in complete harmony and we honestly believe that, in this joint approach to common engineering problems of the border country, each Government has found in the Commission and its respective section the mechanism for furthering each country's legitimate interest without detriment to the other.

I thank you, Mr. Chairman and members of the committee.

CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM

Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Chairman, under our construction program, we have three items: First, we have completed the Falcon Dam, that we have discussed with the committee for the last 4 years.

Last October 19, 1953, President Eisenhower and President Ruiz Cortines dedicated the structure. There is now pending before the Congress, S. 3090, which would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to be the marketing agent for the United States share of the power.

Secondly, we are proceeding as rapidly as we can on the second of the international multipurpose structures on the Rio Grande, that is, the upper dam. We hope during this coming year to locate the most feasible of three sites in the upper reaches of the river. We seek this year $500,000 to finish this phase of the work.

Thirdly, we have not begun construction on the Anzalduas international diversion dam, because the local interests there have not been able yet to arrange to turn over to the United States the required rights-of-way. At the present time the question is in a competent Texas court, and as soon as these rights-of-way are turned over to us in accordance with the 1935 act, we can probably begin construction within 120 days.

In sum, therefore, we seek $500,000 under our construction appropriation to complete the site investigative work on the upper dam.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

Under our operation and maintenance program, we propose to continue these activities at the same level as during the current year, except for a $50,000 reduction in our lower Rio Grande flood-control project and to bring Falcon Dam under full operation and mainte

nance.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES ACCOUNT

Under our salaries and expenses account, we seek $480,000 to maintain this minimum but nucleus organization of the United States Section of the International Commission. We have a great many problems in the year ahead of us that don't necessarily require the expenditure of construction money but nevertheless require negotiations with the Mexican Section and with the other interested agencies of our Government and the local Texas interests.

At the present time, we are operating on a minimum basis.

RIO GRANDE EMERGENCY FLOOD CONTROL

The fourth item in our account is the Rio Grande emergency floodcontrol appropriation, and we seek no additional funds, because our balance at the present time is $126,000.

That concludes my statement, Mr. Chairman.
Chairman BRIDGES. Thank you very much.

Under your construction item, what is the present status of the Anzalduas project?

STATUS OF ANZALDUAS PROJECT

Mr. HUGHES. At the present time, Mr. Chairman, we have not started construction on the Anzalduas project, because the 1935 act, under which it is authorized, requires the local interests to turn over to the United States the required rights-of-way. They have not been able to do that yet, because the matter is in a Texas court, testing whether or not Cameron County has the right to condemn land in a neighboring county for this purpose. It is to be expected that that will be decided in the near future, and when it is, and the rights-of-way are turned over to the United States, we can begin construction within probably 120 days.

Chairman BRIDGES. How much has been appropriated for this to date?

Mr. HUGHES. A million and a half dollars.
Chairman BRIDGES. And that is held intact?

Mr. HUGHES. That is held intact; yes.

Chairman BRIDGES. Is Mexico keeping the international boundary agreement?

Mr. HUGHES. Yes, sir; they are, Mr. Chairman. They are a good working partner in this. In the case of Anzalduas, they developed the plans themselves. We have reviewed them. They have been approved.

Chairman BRIDGES. But we are getting good cooperation, and they are a functioning partner?

Mr. HUGHES. No, sir. They are a real functioning partner, and everything that we do is completely joint. And I might say there, Mr. Chairman, that in this case Mexico puts up some of its finest

engineers and some of its finest administrators, and we get along beautifully.

Chairman BRIDGES. That is good. When I read that India is banning United States planes flying aid to the French, while they pose as our partners, it is good to know when an ally is cooperating. I tell you very frankly the information concerning India is most distressing.

Mr. HUGHES. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

BUREAU OF Far EastERN AFFAIRS

STATEMENT OF EVERETT F. DRUMRIGHT, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR FAR EASTERN AFFAIRS, ACCOMPANIED BY JOHN G. DeGOOYER, CHIEF, BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT BRANCH, BUREAU OF FAR EASTERN AFFAIRS

SUMMARY TABLE AND JUSTIFICATIONS

Chairman BRIDGES. The next item concerns the Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs. The House bill provides the estimate of $721,500 for 108 domestic positions together with $19,840 for miscellaneous expenses, and $4,817,498 for 1,060 Foreign Service positions and related expenses.

The summary expense table and justifications for the Bureau will be inserted in the record at this point.

(The justifications and table referred to follow :)

The primary purpose of the United States in the Far East is to prevent the Communist camp from increasing its strength at the expense of the free world and to assist in the development of sufficient strength on the side of the free world in the Far East to enable it to resist the pressures of Communist expansionism and to force the progressive withdrawal of hostile Soviet power and influence to the borders of the Soviet Union.

The Far East means in the main three things to the Soviet Union: First, the vast manpower of China; second, the industrial capacity of Japan; and third, the natural resources of southeast Asia. The acquisition by the Soviet camp of the first of these elements-the 400 million people of China-drastically altered the balance of power to our disadvantage in the Far East. The acquisition of either of the other two elements would have serious effect upon the global balance of power as between the Soviet camp and the free world.

With so much at stake on both sides, the Far East has been and continues to be the scene of armed conflict in the cold war. Since the end of World War II, active war on a greater or lesser scale between Communist and nationalist forces has been fought in six countries of the Far East. Most of these conflicts are continuing. An atmosphere of emergency and crisis has been and will continue for the foreseeable future to be characteristic of the problems the area confronts us with.

The full achievement of our objective in the Far East will require the creation by the Asian peoples of virtually a completely new order, the older prewar order in the Far East having been largely liquidated through the ejection of the Western Powers from southeast Asia by the Japanese in 1941-42, the subsequent defeat of the Japanese Empire itself, the generation of revolutionary pressures against existing institutions, the withdrawal of Western colonial controls, and the military and ideological impact of communism.

The Foreign Service portion of this estimate contemplates an organization of 435 American and 625 local positions at 25 posts throughout the Far East area, or a decrease of 85 American and 133 local positions below the 1953 staffing level. Although the consulate at Cebu was closed in the early part of fiscal year 1954 it will be necessary to establish an additional Foreign Service post in Korea which