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of 500 horse and 300 foot, with which be approached the place of his destipation on the 8th. "On Monday last," writes Mercurius Aulicus upon this subject," that gallant commander Sir Thomas Lunsford forced the

rebels thence with a strength not halfe so much as the rebells. Before his approach to Greenland, he perceived the rebells had lyned the hedges to intercept his passage; but Sir Thomas came upon them with so much valour and courage, that he tooke them every man (34 in number) and sent them prisoners to Wallingford castle. The way thus cleared, he advanced up to the house, where the rebels durst not withstand him, but fled away to Henley, and, being over the water, made some shot at him with their ordnance without any hurt to his men. Entering into the house, he found it much battered, and shot through in divers places. Having viewed the house, he relieved it with fresh victuall, and retired back with his prisoners and their

arms.">

Whether he was attendant upon Sir Arthur til his removal, December 25, I cannot say. At Bristol (which had been taken by Rupert in the July pre. ceding) he is next to be met with, and this he himself informs us, in a letter addressed to the Prince in the month of March, by which it appears he had been directed, during the recess occasioned by the treaties of Oxford and Uxbridge,7. as Lieutenant-Governor probably, to prepare the castle for the renewal of hostilities. The letter is as follows:

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"Being unwilling to trust my buisiness to you without a cypher, I have imparted it to Arthur Trevor. I humbly desire

4 P. 1082.

5 "The Parliament Scout" (No. 56), speaking of the capture of Greenlandhouse, by General Browne, on the 12th, says that it was "a few days before relieved by the valiant Colonell Lunsford, that Lunsford that the Brewer beat out of Westminster Hall."

Sloane MS. No. 1519, p. 26. 7 In a poem arising from the breaking

off of these treaties, entitled, "The Sence of the Oxford-Junto concerning the late Treaty, wherein the several Reasons are delivered why they could not conclude a Peace with the Parliament" (printed

yor Higse to take it into so timely a care, that it may afford prevenc'on, and (if my brother's regim cannot be spared) that it may please yor Higsse to order 300 foot out of theise parts theither to raise any in that countrey will be dangerous, for I ap prehend it so more then Massey. I have not bin yet ten dayes in possession, have 200 men daily at worke, and lay in provision as it can be upon any tearmes ob tained; but for the rest I beseech yor Higsse orders, and will ever make it my care to appeare to be,

Sr, yr Higsse most faithfull
and obedt servant,

THOMAS LUNSFORD.

Bristoll, 9th Mar. 1644."
"To his Higse Prince Rupert."

In this same month I find Sir Thomas at Monmouth with 1800 foot and 700 horse, which horse was then quartered in the Forest of Dean. On the 16th of April Sir Bernard Astley and Sir Marmaduke Langdale being sent by Prince Rupert to relieve Sir John Wyntour, at his house at Lydney, Sir Thomas, then governor of Monmouth,

with 1000 horse and foot from Monmouth, Ragland, and other royal garrisons, fell upon the west side of the same forest, all along the coast to Bettesley, "clearing the county of these rebels," (I again quote Mercurius Aulicus,10)" who, after they had made some small resistance, still fled before him. At Tyddenham they had an handsome garrison, but quit it with the rest upon his drawing nigh; Master Massey all the while not daring to appear, though Sir Thomas

March 6, 1644-5), I find Sir Thomas figuring:

And I, Tom Lunsford, hope to be
Lieutenant of the Tower,
Then I shall have the citizens

Againe within my power:

And, like tame slaves, I will them teach
An iron chain to weare;

The ordnance also shall soone reach
As farre as Westminster."

8 Then governor of Gloucester. The 300 foot he probably required at Monmouth.

9 There are two seals on this letter. The arms, quarterly, 1. Az. a chevron between three boar's heads couped Or, (Lunsford). 2. Ar.3 chevrons Gu.; over all a label of 3 points Purp. (Barrington). 3. Or, a carbuncle Gu. (Mandeville). 4. Arg. 3 acorus Vert fructed Gu. (Totham). Crest, upon a wreath, a boar's head Or, couped Gu. An esquire's helmet with mantling.

10 P. 1547.

marched quite through the Forest, by several of their garrisons, bringing home with him to Monmouth 3000 head of faire cattle, 2000 pounds worth of leather in Brockweare, and two pieces of ordnance from Tydenham, with very good arms, and more wheat and graine in the island of Lancante than he could carry away in boats. A little after Sir Thomas was marched away, Master Massey sent a letter to him, wherein he took notice that Sir Thomas had pillaged cattle and corne from the honest inhabitants of the Forest of Deane, whereof had he had any sooner notice, he promised Sir Thomas should have heard of him to some purpose; and so he hath, as you'll see anon. Sir Thomas sent an answer, that Colonell Massey coming lately neare Monmouth, tooke some cattle thence without the owner's consent; these drew Sir Thomas into the Forest to recover them back, which now Sir Thomas had done with some plentifull advantage; and if Colonel Massey, in like manner, would come and fetch his, they were all ready for him."

We now come to the month of June. On the 9th Sir Barnaby Scudamore, Sir Thomas Lunsford, Sir Michael Woodhouse, Sir William Croft," Colonel Sandys, and other commanders, at

the head of 2000 horse and foot from

the garrisons of Hereford, Monmouth, Ludlow, Worcester, Hartlebury, and other royalist footings, following a detachment of the Shrewsbury forces from Braincroft Castie to Stoke Castle, were there defeated by the retiring party, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Rinking, with a loss of 100 slain (including Sir William Crofts), 300 taken, 100 horses, all their ordnance and ammunition. 12 "This defeat," says Sir Edward Walker, "was ascribed to the ill conduct and strife of these colonels [Sir Thomas Lunsford and Sir Michael Woodhouse, who escaped not without difficulty] about superiority and command. And although, when we had the first intelligence we could not see the sad effects of this loss, yet, after the battle of Naseby, when we retreated into these parts and had

11 For a notice of Sir William Croft, see Retrospective Review, New Series, vol. I. pp. 494-5.

13 Intelligence from Shropshire of three great Victories." 1695.

occasion to use them, we too soon felt it."

That this defeat was thought but little of at the time, or that it did little to lessen the reputation of Sir Thomas's soldiery, is apparent; for "the Kingdome's Weekly Intelligencer" (No. 105, June 17 to 24), expressing a hope that in the necessary absence of General Massey, the garrison of Gloucester might be supplied with an able and faithful commander, informs us that "Sir Thomas Lunsford and Sir Chas. Lucas do threaten to do much mischiefe to that county in his absence; for which purpose Sir Thomas Lunsford is to have an addition of 6C0 horse to his castle of Monmouth."

Whether these Cavaliers effected "the mischief" they threatened does not appear. In Monmouth, Mr. Ur. bau, for the present, we take leave of our hero. STEINMAN STEINMAN.

Yours, &c.

HISTORY OF THE REBELLION OF THE NORTHERN EARLS IN 1569.

WE are rejoiced to hear that a series of letters, illustrative of the Northern Rebellion of 1569, has been discovered in the county of Durham, and that they are in the course of arrangement, with a view to publication, under the careful editing of Sir Cuthbert Sharp. We have been permitted to make public the following letter; and if the remainder are equally interesting, the Editor will do a service to history in filling up a chasm which has been neglected or overlooked by English historians.

The letter is from the Earl of Sussex, Lord President of the North, to Sir George Bowes, of Streatlam, in the county of Durham :

Good Sir George,

Upon occasion of lewde brutts spredd abrode, I sent for th Erles of Northumberland and Westmerland, and others of the Counsell,* to meet me at Yorke yestredaye; at whose comyng 1 opened to them what I had hard, and requyred advyse how to prevent the yll doyngs, yf ther were eny suche, and to suppress it, yf it should burste owt to eny actyon. And as we all hoped those bruts would soon take end without eny ill actyon, so ar both thErles The Council of the North.

returned to ther houses, with assured
promyse, not only to do ther beste to
serch owt and apprehend the auctors,
but also to bestir themselves in the
Quenes Majestyes servyce for the pre-
sent suppressing of eny that should
attempt eny open actyon of dysorder.
Wherupon, at ther requeste, the Quenes
letters ar dyrected to them, and you
joyned in that is dyrected to th'Erle
of Westmerland, as therby you shall
perceyve. Of these matters I praye
you advertyse the Byshop, who is also
of the same commyssion, and this I
trust you
all is blown out

with the smoke
From Yorke,
Yr assured frend,

Octobr, 1569.

T. SUSSEX.

Be

"To my lovyng frend, Sir George Bowes, Knyght." (Endorsed "9 Oct.")

It is remarked by Sir Cuthbert Sharp that even the wariness of Cecil was also beguiled by the Earls. He treats the matter as lightly as Sussex, and uses a similar expression in a letter to the Earls of Shrewsbury and Huntingdon, written on the 13th October :

"It may be that you have or shall here of a fond rumor styred upp the vith of this month, in the North Ryding and the Bishoprick, of a rysyng shuld be; but it was a vayne smoke, without any spark of any account."-Lodge's Illustrations of English History, vol. ii. p. 26.

DR. MURRAY'S RECOMMENDATION OF BOSSUET'S EXPOSITION, A poor Proof of Papal Literary or Doctrinal Infallibility. Mr. URBAN, May 26. THE recent wily Address of the Romish Archbishop of Dublin, to the Protestants of the empire, most peculiarly, in common with many others, forced itself upon my attention. ing at present engaged in preparing for the press a very general and enlarged review of Popish tenets and practices, literary and doctrinal, I had determined postponing, for a time, any notice of the said Address of Dr. Murray. I was the more confirmed in this resolution, from the confident expectation, that this recommendation of Bossuet would have certainly elicited from Messrs. M'Ghee and O'Sullivan, a seasonable exposure of the endless artifices, plied with such curious energy, in the publication of the Gallican prelate's book. In this expectation I have been disappointed. As I feel that the circumstances connected with the far-famed "Exposition" cannot too soon be made public, I have selected your valuable pages for the purpose, inasmuch as the matter is decidedly a literary curiosity, and besides you have always stood forth as a conspicuous pillar of sound, unflinching orthodoxy, traits trebly praiseworthy when they appear, as they do in your case, in a publication not professediy theological. Dr. Murray expresses himself thus in his "Address." "Take the trouble of making yourselves acquainted from

authentic sources, with the real differences of doctrine between us and you. You will find it in a little book which I pray you to read over; it is a short Exposition of the Catholic Faith, by Bossuet. You will find it in any Catholic bookseller's shop. It will place before you, in a few short pages, the articles of faith in which we disagree." Now, sir, this very work and author, which our Irish Romish prelate, for this time, pronounces, upon his episcopal authority, as highly worthy of credit and oracular, would, if fully entered into, present as extraordinary and motley a view of the phantasmagoria of Romish contradiction and intrigue, as could possibly be imagined. This " Exposition of the Catholic Faith," by Bossuet, when first published in 1671, had the most highly recommendatory eulogy of eleven eminent Romish bishops prefixed to it. But no sooner had it seen the light, than the doctors of the Sorbonnan faculty at Paris totally objected to the "Exposition;" because that Bossuet, for the sake of qualifying and grinding down the harsh repulsive tenets of Romanism, and evading the objections of the Reformed, had perverted the faith of the Church of Rome.* The first edition, therefore, was immediately suppressed, and another issued,

Biographical Dictionary, vol. xxx..

p. 466.

I

free from all the former important errors, and having been first duly fashioned according to the requirements of the Sorbonnan expurgatorial critics. This second edition, thus mutilated and amended, was forwarded to Rome for Pontifical approval, accompanied by the most flattering recommendations of the highest theologians of that day. Among the number were no less than three cardinals. Hyacinth, one of the theologians, declared of the Exposition, "It has not the shadow of a fault."* But notwithstanding this redoubted phalanx of ecclesiastical authority, Pope Clement X. withstood all the arts of solicitation and coaxing to exhort from him his approval, and utterly refused his high recommendation. Clement's relentless obstinacy went down to the grave with him, and his death took place five years after the publication of the "Exposition." His successor Pope Innocent XI. closely imitated the unyielding obstinacy of his predecessor, for the first three years of his popedom; but at last yielded in 1679, only to reiterated importunity. This Pope, in contradiction to the former Pope's disapprobation, in a brief given at Rome, and under the fisherman's ring, "eulogized its doctrine, method, and prudence," pronouncing it, upon his infallibility, as "worthy of pontifical recommendation and universal perusal." Further, in 1682, the "Exposition" was formally approved of by the whole body of the French clergy, in a general assembly, and was forthwith translated into Italian, German, Dutch, English, Irish, Latin, &c. But poor Bossuet, though amidst all this patronage, never was destined to have peace. The applauding smiles of infallibility, and such a vast body of ecclesiastics, proved no protection whatever to him! Censures again are unsparingly loaded upon him. The Archbishop of Bourdeaux and the University of Louvain are among the

La doctrinna è tutto sana, ne v'ha ombra mancamento. Approb. 41.

"Eà doctrinâ, eâque methodo, ac prudentia scriptus est. Ita quæ non solum nobis commendari, sed omnibus legi."Brief of Innocent XI.

Morery, Dictionaire Historique, vol. . p. 367; Archbishop Wake's Works, vol. iii. p. 3.

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loudest. The archbishop no less than imprisons an eminent doctor of theology for adducing this very identical book of Bossuet's in proof of the doctrines he taught! It is thrice happy for Dr. Murray, that he was not himself then in the arch-diocese of Bourdeaux, else the dungeon would have been also tried, to chill his similar ardent partiality for Bossuet! At the same time, the University of Louvain sentenced a doctrine contained in the "Exposition," as "scandalous and pernicious." Bossuet, then, with his wonted thunder, attacked the Sorbonnan Faculty at Paris, the Archbishop of Bordeaux, and the University of Louvain! Now such is a brief account of Dr. Murray's favourite and widely celebrated Exposition;" and from which we may view Bossuet struggling against Bossuet, cardinals and bishops against popes, a pope against himself and against another pope, doctors against doctors, and a council against universities, &c. &c. Two of the greatest Romish writers condemn, in the most unqualified terms, in addition to the above, this book of Bossuet. One says, "It was unsatisfactory to all Catholics, because it was deficient in all the articles of their faith." Another records, "The bishop used ambiguity, mutilation, and suppression, in order to reunite Catholics and Heretics (i. e. Protestants), which pleases neither party!" || And another highly eminent French writer has also said, "The dexterous Bossuet has so metamorphosed the doctrines and faith of the Council of Trent, as to impose upon the simplicity of some Protestants his own mitigated doctrines for those of that Council."¶

From all which, is it not most evident, why Dr. Murray recommends this famous " Exposition" of Bossuet? Is it not, most clearly, to fall back upon the liberal and latitudinarian principles of the age; and which is a species of Romish tactics, for the present time at least, being invariably enacted in these countries, though in

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palpable violation of the commands and warnings, so solemnly promulged in the year 1833, by Pope Gregory XVI. in his encyclical letter to the whole body of the Romish Church throughout the world; one of the special objects of which was to denounce that very conduct which here presents itself daily to our eyes. But the pope is in Romish Italy; Dr. Murray is in Protestant Great Britain! We trust that this brief exposé, drawn entirely from his own communication, will sufficiently unveil Dr. Murray's secret designs for the present, and that every one will understand the value of his episcopal recommendation, namely, that Bossuet's "Exposition" is an authentic" source for ascertaining the "real differences of doctrines between Protestants and Romanists! And we may not unprofitably add, that the sly and insinuating and jesuitical character of this book of Bossuet could not better be described than in the words of one, who being himself enveloped, for a season, in the mists of the "mystery of iniquity," and in the pollutions of the "Man of Sin," was not only tho

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roughly conversant with all Romish intrigues, but, as has been so often the case, was thereby plunged into the awful abyss of infidelity—we allude to the historian Gibbon. Now Gibbon says of this very production, which has been so warmly recommended by Dr. Murray :-"The ten-horned Monster of Popery is, at Bossuet's magic touch, transformed into the milk-white hind, which must be loved as soon as she is seen.' Now, merely from the above isolated specimen, what must be thought of the boasted infallible unchangeableness, literary or doctrinal, of Romanism? We will conclude, in the language of one of their most applauded Jesuits, Maimbourg, that "Catholics often engage among themselves in contention and disputation." And if so, we cannot but apply to their whole motley and tortuous system the words of another of their most idolized and sainted fathers, St. Jerome " What varies is not true."+

Yours, &c. WILLIAM BAILEY.. North Grove House, Tunbridge Wells.

+ Hieronymi Opera, Præf. Evang. vol. i. p. 1426.

ANCIENT TOMBS.

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Saxon tombs which I have seen are ridged more or less like this. It particularly resembles the tomb of the monks assassinated by the Danes at Peterborough; but what is still more remarkable, I am assured by a friend, that in the church of San Paolo fuori li Muna, at Rome, he discovered a Roman sarcophagus of white marble, almost exactly resembling this, particularly in the imbricated roof. Wilfrid, we know, brought artists from Italy, and they undoubtedly wrought

Of this there is an engraving, but audaciously improved, in Gunton's Church of Peterborough, p. 243; a more accurate representation will be found in Carter's Ancient Sculpture and Painting, Part I. p. 12. Its similarity to the Dewsbury tomb consists in its being of the same shape, and formed of a single stone; but the roof is ornamented with scroll-work (altered into roses in square panels in Gunton's plate), and in the front are six whole-length figures of the monks, or of saints, under round-headed arches.

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