AREWELL to the great Cardinal! Offending Anne Boleyn, Henry soon forgot Wolsey's services. Stripped one by one of all honours and possessions, nature ran her course with him before Henry had time to consign him to the scaffold. Brokenhearted, he died at Leicester, in 1530. And here, resting on the benches provided for us, and before we leave the older portions of the palace, we may hastily glance at the connexion between Hampton Court and its possessors after Wolsey. Henry VIII. added, as we have already seen, much to this palace, and resided here with many of his wives. Anne Boleyn went hence to be beheaded; Jane Seymour came hither to give birth to Edward the Sixth, and die. In the accounts so often alluded to, is the following entry relative to her death:

"Payd to Will. Benston and Harry Frye glasyars, for takyng down of sertten panes of glas, withe settyng up the same agayne, in sondry wyndowes in the Quenes lodgeing, at the Quenes beryall (Jane Seymour), that the ayar might have recourse, every of them at 8d. the day, by the space of eight days."

Hentzner, who wrote in 1598, was shown the bed in the Hall, in which Queen Jane died.

Philip and Mary passed a gloomy honeymoon here. James I. held here, in 1604, his conference with the bishops and puritan leaders. He talked much Latin, and disputed with Dr. Reynolds, telling the petitioners that they wanted to strip Christ again, and bade them get away with their snivelling. When they besought leave to hold their prophesying meetings, he cried out violently-"Ay, is it that ye would be at? If you aim at a Scotch presbytery, let me tell you, it agrees as well with monarchy as God and the devil; then shall Jack and Tom and Will and Dick meet, and censure me and my council; therefore I reiterate my former speech-Le roi s'avisera.' Stay, I pray you, for one seven years, before you demand, and then, if you find me grow pursy and fat, I may perchance hearken to you, for that government will keep me in health, and find me work enough." The end of it was, that he cried out-"No bishop, no king!" Charles I. escaped from Hampton Court in 1647, only to be placed in stricter confinement in Carisbrooke Castle.

SECOND COURT OF WOLSEY'S PALACE.

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Oliver Cromwell made Hampton Court his residence, and probably was the means of arresting its sale. Dr. Hawkins tells us that he ordered the great organ, which had been forcibly taken from Magdalen College, Oxford, "to be carefully conveyed to Hampton Court, where it was placed in the great gallery; and one of his favourite amusements was to be entertained with this instrument at leisure hours."—(Hawkins' Hist. of Music, iv. 45.)

Charles II. gave the palace to the Duke of Albemarle, but afterwards redeemed it, and occupied it himself. Pepys has the following note in his Diary :

"30th June, 1662. The King and his new Queene minding their pleasures at Hampton Court. All people discontented; some that the King do not gratify them enough, and others, fanatiques of all sorts, that the King do take away their liberty of conscience; and the height of the bishops who, I fear, will ruin all again."

James II. is said to have received the Pope's nuncio under the canopy which is still preserved in the audience chamber William and Mary were the founders of the modern parts.

As we pass down the body of the hall, taking care not to fall from the platform, or dais, as the uniform colour of the floor makes many do, we may look at the tapestries of Wolsey's arms placed in the centre of the minstrel gallery, and labelled "Dne (Domine) michi adjutor." Those of Henry VIII. are on either side. Some inferior modern paintings of Henry VIII., Queen Jane Seymour, Cardinal Wolsey, and Queen Elizabeth, fill the panels. Descending the stairs, after glancing at the groinings of the gateway, and again at the first court, before we turn our backs upon it,

we now enter the

SECOND COURT OF WOLSEY'S PALACE,

somewhat smaller than the former, being a quadrangle, nearly 134 feet square; the northern side is entirely occupied by the length of the hall-the west by a gateway, corresponding to that of the first court, having on its turrets the busts of Vitellius and Tiberius. Above this gateway is the face of an astronomical clock. It is stated to have been put up in 1540, and has often been said to have been the first public clock erected in England; but this is inaccurate, for the expenses of the Dutchman who superintended the works of the Clock Tower opposite Westminster Hall, in the time of Henry IV.,

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are still preserved in the Exchequer. There was a keper of the clocke at Hampton Courte-one Vincent, the clokmaker;" and in the Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VIII., 20s. are charged as paid to the clokmaker at Westminster, for mending the clocke at Hampton Court." Between the busts of the Roman emperors are two cherubs, of terra-cotta, made to support the arms of Henry VIII., which ostensibly have supplanted something-better: indeed, throughout the whole of these portions of the palace, you cannot fail to be struck with the evident pains which the royal Harry, having once got possession, must have taken to set his mark wherever he could find a place for it. He that runs may read the "Dieu et mon Droit" everywhere. The eastern side of this quadrangle is marked with the date of 1732, that of its restoration, which was executed under the directions of Kent, the architect-one who had no respect for any but classical architecture. Here, thinking to improve on the original style, he has introduced some notions of his own, much less pertinent than they should be. Instead of the broad-shouldered, essentially Tudor arch, an "ogee" of an earlier period has been fantastically adapted; its want of harmony must strike every eye.

Four other busts of Roman emperors are placed on these turrets. The colour of the bricks and the stone of certain parts of the hall resemble that of these restorations. Probably Kent removed the twenty-nine beasts which stood on the battlement (Ev. 29), and substituted the present plain machicolations. These two courts are said to have been the least splendid parts of the palace: its finest portions were pulled down, to make room for the present structure of Sir Christopher Wren.

The precise extent of Wolsey's palace has not been satisfactorily ascertained. In the Notes (C) is a list of parts of the palace which have been found named in various contemporary accounts. Wolsey built "five ample courts," writes Hentzner, in 1598; but it may be doubted whether the buildings extended much further eastward than the present front, built by Sir Christopher Wren. The old drawings and prints in the King's Library in the British Museum, give some idea of the south and river fronts of the original palace. The existing remains of the original portion, however, sufficiently attest its greatness. So much lead was used in Wolsey's time for the palace, that it is said to have covered three acres. For the supply of water, conduit pipes were laid on from Coombe Warren, three miles on the south side of the river. Another supply was obtained from a branch of the Colne, but even these means, it would seem, insufficiently supplied the palace with water; at least Evelyn complained, in 1662, of the want of it. Henry VIII., as we have seen, added very considerably to Hampton Court when he became its owner. The chapel as well as the hall was erected by him. Little remains of the chapel in its original state, beside the roof and the king's arms.

A passage northwards from the eastern archway of the second court, after crossing the Queen's staircase, leads to the

CHAPEL.

The entrance is known by Henry's arms impaled with those of Jane Seymour,—H. I.

"The new payntyng, gyldyng, and garnesshyng of the too peces of armes at the Chappell dore, with the Kynges and the Quenys armes, cost (temp. Henry VIII.) pryce the pece, 20s.

The following are notices of the Chapel, extracted from the contemporary accounts :

E

"Harry Corant, of Kingston, carver, for cuttyng, carvyng, joyning, framyng, settyng up, and feneshing oon of the sydes of the stall in the Chappell, savyng the crest backyng above."-28 H. 8.

"Mendyng and payntting of five peces of images in the wyndow in the Chappell, pryce, the pece, 8d.-38. 4d."-28 H. 8.

"For the translatyng and the remowfyng off ymages of Saynt Anna and other off Saynt Tomas, in the hye alter wyndow of the Chappell, 138. 4d.” "In the chapel window before the high altar is sixteen foot of imagery, price, the foot, 218."

"A piece of sowltewiche was bought to keep the dust from the roof of the chapel, when the wall was broken down to make the house where the organ shall stand."

"Batlage of new orgynes for the Chappell, from Brydwell to Hampton Courtt, by convencyon, 13s. 4d."-28 H. 8.

"For payntyng, gyltyng, and varnesshing of the voughte in the Kynges new Chappell :

"Payd to John Hethe and Harry Blankston, of London, gylders and paynters, for gylttyng and garnesshing of the vought in the Chappell wyth great arches bourd, great pendants, wythe angells holdyng schochens wyth the Kynges armes and the Quenes, and wyth great pendantts of boyes playing wyth instruments, and large battens set wyth antyk of leade gylt, wyth the Kynges wordde also gylt wyth ffyne golde and ffyne byse, set owtt wyth other ffyne collers, and for casting of the antyk and letters of lead, and for the pyn nayll, with all other nessessaryes belowngyng to the forsayd chappell rowff wyth too great bay wyndowes of the Kynges and the Quenes Holyday Closett, for the sides next unto the chappell, garnesshyd and gwylte wyth the Kinges armys and the Quenys, wythe beest guylte wyth fyne golde and byse sett owt wyth other fyne collers, in all, by convencyon, cccc li."-28 H. 8.

Hentzner vouches, that the "chapel was most splendid, in which the queen's closet is quite transparent, having its windows of crystal." The stained glass, and "popish pictures, and superstitious images that were in the glass windows, were demolished, and there was pulled down the picture of Christ nailed to the Cross, which was placed right over the altar, and the pictures of Mary Magdalen and others weeping at the foot of the Cross," by ordinance of parliament, in 1645. The chapel, with its semi-Tudor roof of Henry VIII., its oaken pews of Wren, square black chequered pavement, instead of green and white paving tiles, its colouring of Vick or Verrio, and carving by Grinling Gibbons, presents, at one view, most significant types of the historical phases it has passed through. Divine service is performed here, and if you get to Hampton Court before eleven o'clock on a Sunday morning, you will have no difficulty in obtaining a seat. Hentzner mentions another "small chapel, richly hung with tapestry, where the